Phoenix Convention Center Phoenix, Arizona Denver Federal Center ISO 50001 Case Study Building Performance Strategic Energy Management Charles Rienhardt.

Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona

Denver Federal Center ISO 50001 Case Study

Building Performance Strategic Energy Management

Charles RienhardtGeneral Services Administration

August 12, 2015

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2

Kinga PorstGSA Central Office

Sustainability & Green Buildings & ISO 50001

EnWMS Champion

Juan TijeroGSA Central Office

Nation Shave Energy Program Manager

GSA Central Office Members


GSA Region Eight EnWMS Core Team Members

Charlie Rienhardt Sustainability Program Manager Designated

EnWMS Representative

Jeffrey EngelstadEE Project Manager Designated EnWMS

Representative

Stephanie Downs GSA Director DFC/CO

Service Centers & ISO 50001 Champion

Doug Baughman Shave Energy Program Lead

Andrew Olsen Resource

Efficiency Manager

Robert Melvin ISO 14001

Program Lead


GSA Region Eight EnWMS Field Team Members

Property Manager(s)

O&M Contracting

Officer(s) Representatives

O&M Contractor(s)


• The 4.2 million sq. ft. Denver Federal Center (DFC) campus takes up one square mile and has 40 active buildings

• Most buildings built during WWII• Mostly old constant volume systems with multi-zone AHU’s

for every 20,000 sq. ft.• Many building’s heating and cooling systems are

interconnected (one building’s heating or cooling plant provides heating or cooling to another building or vise versa)

• Advanced metering for electric, gas, water and BTU meters for interconnected buildings, some sub-metering; i.e. data centers cooling tower makeup etc.

• 8 megawatts of photo voltaic systems on site

Background


• Electrical• Lighting• Lighting control • Lighting efficiency projects• De-lamping and LED lighting• Performed a test sub-metering project for one

building

• Plug load• Workstation Power shutdown after hours in our

space and recommended it to tenants as part of our tenant outreach

Electrical Energy Conservation


• HVAC• Cooling

• High efficiency chillers as funding allowed• VFD’s and high efficiency motors • Damper retrofits

• Heating• Replaced all boilers with low Nox/high efficiency units

(mostly condensing boilers)• Controls

• We are moving towards VAV and updated control algorithms (temp reset schedules for less simultaneous heating and cooling, CO2 sensors for OSA minimums, air/water side economizing, Start/Stop Optimization)

HVAC Efficiency Work


• Replaced all restroom fixtures with water saver units• Centralized intelligent irrigation system• Moisture Sensors• Flow Switches with alarm capability

• Numerous xeriscaping projects• Advanced metering• Threshold alarms monitor buildings for leaks

• Cooling Towers• Cooling tower makeup water on advanced metering • Alternative water treatment systems run high cycles of

concentration in largest buildings

Water Conservation


• Replaced 19 regular vehicles with slow speed electric vehicles

• 32 Slow speed electric vehicles on site• 20 level one/two charging electric vehicle

charging stations and another 20 level one• Bike share program – 6 kiosks and 50 bikes• RTD light rail stop on site• Car pool program

Transportation Work


Energy/Water Management System (EnWMS)

Energy/Water Performance

Energy/Water Source

Energy/Water Consumption

AnalysisEnergy/Water

Efficiency

Energy/Water Intensity


• Defining, establishing, implementing and maintaining an energy policy

• Appointing a management representative(s) and approving the formation of an energy management team

• Providing the resources needed to establish, implement, maintain and improve the EnWMS and the resulting energy performance

• Identifying the scope and boundaries to be addressed by the EnWMS

• Communicating the importance of energy management to those in the organization

• Ensuring that energy objectives and targets are established• Ensuring that EnWPIs are appropriate to the organization• Considering energy performance in long-term planning• Ensuring that results are measured and reported at determined

intervals• Conducting management reviews

Management Role - Systematic Approach


(Plan-Do-Check-Act)

Mapping ISO 50001 elements to PDCA continual improvement (used with permission from the Georgia Institute of Technology [Georgia Tech]).


Planning Inputs Energy/Water Review Planning

Outputs

Energy/Water Baseline

EnPI(s) Objectives Targets Action Plans

• Past and present energy/water uses

→

A Analyze energy/water use

and consumption ↓

• Relevant variables affecting significant energy/water use.

• Performance →

BIdentify areas of significant

energy/water use and consumption

↓

This diagram shows the basic process of the DFC planning process 4.4.1

CIdentify opportunities for improving energy/water

performance

Energy/Water Planning


• Campus significant energy/water users-buildings versus trying to track thousands of pieces of equipment and hundreds of small projects

• By constantly monitoring and analyzing heating, cooling and water intensity we are able to identify/focus our limited resources on the biggest/best opportunities

• The constant improvement cycle will enable us to progressively address further savings

• Goal is to dramatically shorten the reactive cycle where an energy loss is identified and corrected

Our Method for Commercial Buildings


Top of the Tree Energy Savings

Building Surveillance

Building Operation

Roofs

Fenestration

Boilers and Chillers

High Efficiency Motors

Sequence of Operation

VFD's Cooling Towers

Lighting & Plumbing Fixtures

Low Hanging Fruit


• All O&M Contracting Officers Representatives– ISO 50001 overview training from Georgia Tech– Received all modules of Shave Energy training– Received EnWMS Auditor training– Received IBM GSALink training– Advanced metering system training

• All Building and Property Managers• Received all modules of Shave Energy training• Received IBM GSALink training• Advanced metering system training• Smart Buildings Training From Penn State

Training Personnel That Can Effect Energy Use


• Funding/staffing/workload/high churn rate• Modern work schedules, occupancy is moving target• Old buildings, size of campus• Disconnect between energy/water users and bill payer• We maintain electrical distribution from 115,000 volts• Advanced Metering• Grounds care/ snow removal/PV system maintenance• Huge data centers and laboratory space• We are in the process of converting our BAS to BACNet• GSA is in the process of implementing GSAlink which is a software

that monitors BAS equipment and generates a spark alert if a damper does not open, or a valve sticks open and so on

• We are migrating our CMMS to another system

Challenges, Lessons Learned and Next Steps


• 14 Stories• Office building• 372,208 GSF• Built in 1967• Steam boilers• Joint use space

Example: Building 67


• Water Intensity (Gals /sq. ft.)– Gallons per person (baseline)– % of total year’s water use occurring in June, July,

August and September (<40%)• Energy Use Index (EUI) (Energy Intensity)

(KBTU’s/SF)– Heating and cooling Intensity normalized to weather to

determine efficiency– BTU’s/SF/HDD and BTU’s/SF/CDD– Use linear regression model for expected energy use to

compare with actual savings from energy conservation measures (projects) as a performance verifier.

Key Performance Indicators

Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade

Building 67 Energy Use Index (KBTU/GSF)

20


Building 67 Heating Efficiency (KBTU/GSF*HDD)

21


Building 67 Cooling Efficiency (KBTU/GSF*CDD)

22


• Performance of significant energy and water users (buildings) is metered, measured and tracked.

• We perform audits and implement energy and water conservation measures

• Use regression analysis to confirm savings and verify performance from implemented projects. (The closer to 1 the R² number in the model, the more accurate the model is)

Building Level Performance Tracking


Building 67 Electrical Use Model

24


Building 67 Natural Gas Use Model

25


Building 67 Project Electrical Savings

26


B-67 Project Natural Gas Savings

27


Building 67 Total Energy Savings

28


• A bottom up sanity check can be accomplished by summing up the expected savings from implemented energy projects and comparing it to the actual savings line in the model (difference between the red and the blue line)

• This is required in the superior energy performance program SEP.

• Starting May 7, 2015 the SEP Administrator is allowing Commercial Buildings (ISO 50001 - Buildings and Building Complexes) to request certification through the existing SEP program. (Although the current SEP program was developed for industry, it is determined to be applicable to commercial buildings)

Bottom-up Sanity Check


Annual DFC Natural Gas Usage

FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 Thru Apr

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Gas Usage (mmBTU)


Annual DFC Electric Usage


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000Electric Usage (mmBTU)


Annual DFC Total Energy Usage


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Total Energy Usage (mmBTU)


Annual DFC Natural GAS EUI


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000Gas EUI (BTU/GSF)


Annual DFC Electric EUI


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Electric EUI (BTU/GSF)


Annual DFC Total EUI


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Total EUI (BTU/GSF)

10% down from 2012


• Finish the BAS conversion to BACNet• Get the GSALink system up and running• Apply for ISO 50001 Certification (As funding

permits)• Recently DOE (the SEP certification rogram

administrator) announced that the SEP Certification Program can be used for Commercial Buildings

• Stay tuned for results as we move forward and attempt certification

Next Steps


• Day and night Audit of space and equipment• Equipment performance verification • Audit sequences and schedules• Use best practices for schedules, operation,

controls, lighting levels and lighting controls• Mandatory Operational Standards• Design Standards and Operational Guidelines• Legal and other requirements

Shave Energy Training Highlights


Shave Energy Training Program


• 1. Building Operating Plan: Acquaints user with zone by zone ‐ ‐equipment operations and schedules.

• 2. Space Audit: Measure, record, and compare readings for space temperature, humidity, and luminance.

• 3. Energy Audit Checklist: Enumerate specific efficiency measures for every building space including instructions for implementation.

• 4. Night Audit: Identify equipment running during unoccupied hours.

• 5. Outside Air Verification: Measure, record, and compare outside air flows to set points and standard ventilation requirements.

• 6. Controls & Sequences: Compares controls/sequences for operational HVAC equipment to prescribed optimization strategies.

Audit Components and Forms


Best Practices – Schedule Alignment

• General: Do not run non critical equipment during ‐unoccupied hours.

• Overtime Utilities: Apply above standard service charges to tenants requiring > 10 hours of air conditioning per weekday.

• Occupancy Definition: Weekday hours when building is 75% occupied.

• Equipment Start Ups: Allow overlap of equipment start‐ ‐up with lower morning occupancy; adjust seasonally.

• Equipment Shut Downs/Set Backs: Allow HVAC ‐operation/set points to drift towards unoccupied control during lower afternoon occupancy; adjust seasonally.


• Temperature Control: Apply energy and comfort optimized heating ‐ ‐(70°F) and cooling (76°F) set points; 2°F tenant thermostat control. o Change control set point by 0.5°F per week.

• Outside Air: Provide minimum ventilation (ASHRAE 62.1) or 20 CFM/person

• Optimal Starts: Apply optimal start algorithm for HVAC system start ups. ‐• Exhaust Fan Control: Control via CO2 or CO sensors or timer schedule.

• SSP Resets: Reset static pressure based on building load to minimum required for ventilation.

• Supply Air Temperature: Reset based on building load up to 60°F. • CHW/HW Temperature: Reset chilled water & hot water temp. based on building load or outside air temperature.

• Supply/Return Air Ducts: Placed at least 6 feet apart. • Demand Response: Pre cool space to 70°F in morning or limit fan speed ‐

in response to peak demand charges.

Best Practices – HVAC Operation & Controls


Level of Luminance: Sync space lighting levels with standard:Area/Activity P100 Guideline Avg Recommended Min Recommended Max Illuminance Illuminance Illuminance

(foot candles) (foot candles) (foot candles)Parking lot N/A .1 5 Elevator N/A 5 10 Inactive storage 5 5 10 Active storage 10 5 15 Stairs 10 10 15 Restroom 10 10 20Corridor 10 10 30 Dining area 10 10 30Lounge 10 10 30 Atrium 10 10 30

Best Practices – Lighting Levels


1. Remove and/or re distribute installed lighting ‐fixtures.

2. Remove individual bulbs from installed lighting fixtures.

3. Replace bulbs and/or fixtures with more efficient counterpart.

4. Install ballast to regulate electrical current for bulb compatibility or dimming.

Best Practices – Lighting Reduction Strategies


• Occupancy Control: Limit lighting operation by mounting at: o Wall – Smaller, enclosed spaces without obstruction (~250 sq.ft.) o Ceiling – Larger, open spaces with obstacles

• Daylight Control: Limit lighting operation by installing photocell sensor to applied space (facing window) or by implementing timer control.

• Demand Response: Dim (stepped, continuous) or disable lighting in response to peak demand charges.

Best Practices – Lighting Controls


Best Practices - Miscellaneous

• Timer Control: Water pumps, (chilled) fountains, vending machines. • Elevators: Keypad access, smart programming,

extended door close. • Weather Stripping: Seal all noticeable air leaks. • Plug Standby Load: Timer or occupancy control

for large plug loads.


• General: Operation must be cost effective, energy efficient, and meet all nationally recognized standards.

• Overtime Utilities: For more than 10 hours air conditioning per weekday.

• Portable Devices: All portable heaters and fans are prohibited.

• Heating: Must be set to 55°F or lower during non‐working hours. Prevent re heating, humidification, and ‐simultaneous heating and cooling.

• Lighting: Must turn off all lights and equipment when not needed.

GSA Mandatory Operational Standards


• Thermal Comfort: 75°F cooling; 72°F heating; ± 2°F thermostat control; < 45% humidity, > 3°F deadband between heating and cooling operations.

• Ventilation: Adhere to ASHRAE 62.1 requirements.• HVAC Control: Incorporate morning warm up/cool down ‐ ‐

sequences, chilled water supply temp. resets, supply air temp. resets, airside and water side economizer, and ‐optimized start/stop algorithms.

• Photocell Control: All (occupied) perimeter and other day lit spaces.‐

• Occupancy Control: All enclosed office, restroom, conference, storage, and kitchen rooms

GSA P 100 Design Standards – Operational Guidelines


• ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 – 2010.• U.S. Courts Design Guide. Version 2007.• U.S. General Services Administration. Public

Buildings Service Pricing Desk Guide. 4th Edition. Revised October 3, 2011.

• Federal Management Regulations: Subchapter C – Real Property.

• GSA P-100 Construction Specifications, Current Version (Energy Codes as sited herein).

Standard Document References


• American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009; Public Law 111–5; H.R. 1 111th Congress; February 17, 2009

• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007; Public Law 110–140; H.R. 6, 110th Congress; 42 U.S.C. § 17001 et seq [statute]; December 19, 2007

• Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992; Public Law 102-486; 42 U.S.C. 13212 H.R. 776, 102nd Congress; October 24, 1992

• Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005; Public Law 109-58; H.R. 6, 109th Congress; Aug. 8, 2005

• Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Memorandum of Understanding, January 2006; signed by 17 federal agencies.

• Interagency Sustainability Working Group (ISWG), as a subcommittee of the Steering Committee established by EO 13423, “High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance”, Final (12/1/08

• Executive Order 13693 (Replaced EO 13423 and EO 13514)

Legal and Other Requirements

Phoenix Convention Center Phoenix, Arizona Denver Federal Center ISO 50001 Case Study Building Performance Strategic Energy Management Charles Rienhardt.

Documents

federal sustainability

backgroundenergy exchange

buildings heating

cooling systems

interconnected buildings

largest buildings

energy policyappointing

cooling plant