Phistpg nationalism and others

PHISTPGPHISTPG

Filipino Nationalism

Filipino Nationalism

British Invasion

Factors that gave Rise to Nationalism


1Sent a expeditionfrom India to the

PhilippinesShowcase the superior

weaponry of the Europeans

British Invasion

1

Exposed thevulnerability of

SpainRule of Spain

could be challenged by force of arms

Silang & Palaris



2

Diego Silang led an Ilocano rose in revolt

Juan dela Cruz Palarislead a widespread revolt in

Pangasinan

Demonstrated the capabilityof the region

to unite & expel the Spaniards

from their territories

Silang & Palaris

2

Slow Economic Development

1. Incompetence of Spanish Officials

2. Graft & Greed in the Galleon Trade

3. Restrictive economic policies

4. Constant quarrels between the civil & ecclesiastical authorities assigned in the colony

Govenor Jose Basco y Vargas surveyed the economic condition of the

country and found out the ff: galleon trade is unproductive for the government but beneficial to only few officials

Officials neglected to developed the rich agricultural potential of the provinces & other industries in the colony

Govenor Bascofounded the Economic Society

of Friends of the country in 1781

and establish the Royal company in 1785.

In 1782 he establish Monopoliesfor tobacco & wine

Basi Revolts



3

1807, 10,000 rebels in Ilocosrevolted against the

monopoly of locally produced wine

from sugarcane called Basi

Basi Revolts

the bloodiest uprisingever recorded during this

time

3

Laissez-faire or the let alone policy

Gave full freedomto private individuals and

firmsto engage in economic

activitieswith out much interference

from the government

1834 Manila was opened to foreign traders; years after other ports was also opened for the same purpose

Increase the value of export

Manufacturing & agriculture developed to answer the demands for different products from the different provinces

Nicholas Loney (British consul in Iloilo) introduced the 1st modern machinery that converted sugar cane into refined sugar

Led to the unprecedented prosperity of the province engaged in sugar production and rise into middle class

Rise of Middle Class



4

A group of peoplebelow the aristocratic Spanish officials, families & religious

ordersbut higher or above the

masses.

able to send their children toUniversity of Manila & even

Europe

Rise of Middle Class

4

Change of lifestyle

Asked for reformfor the country

Opening of Suez Canal



5

Shorter route and travel time between

Spain and Philippines

Spaniard with progress ideas(Varela & Novales)

Arrival of progressbooks & periodicals to the

country

It encourage educated Filipinos to go to

Europe & continue their study


5

Modern technology

Liberalism in the Philippines



6

Governor-General Carlos de la Torre introduced

reforms in our country

Abolished whipping as punishment

Solved theagrarian unrest in

Cavite

Abolished censorship of press


5

Campaign for Secularization



7

Regular priest were those who belonged to the religion

ordersand those were not members

of any orders are called Secular priest

Decree was passed denying

the right of the Seculars

Secular ask the rightto administer positions in

parish

Campaign for Secularization

7

Execution of GomBurZa



8

Sentenced to death by Garotefor an alleged participation

in the Cavite Rebellion(Mutiny)

Cavite Mutiny

June 20, 1872during the height of the

secularization,the Cavite Mutiny occurred.

The mutineerswere workers & some marine

detachment

Cause by the revocation of the priviledge of shipyard workers to be exempted from force labor & paying tributes.

Led by La Madrid

Government believe it to be a rebellion and arrest Fr. Gomez, Burgos, Zamora and other for an alleged participation of the said rebellion

Sentenced to banished to Guam while GomBurZa were sentenced to death

Filipino witness the execution began to think and feel as Filipino

not as Ilocanos, Tagalogsand others.

That Spaniard treat them as an inferior race.

That as Filipinos the necessity for unity.

Execution of GomBurZa

8

1. Philippines as province of Spain

2. Equal right of the Spaniards & the Filipinos

3. Representative in Spanish Cortez

4. Secularization & Pilipinasyon

5. Human Rights

Aim of the Propaganda Movement

Aim of the Propaganda Movement

Jose Rizal: Great Thinker

Jose Rizal: Great Thinker

“Noli Me Tangere” & “El Filibusterismo

Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Great Political Analyst & Journalist

Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Great Political Analyst & Journalist

“Caiigat Cayo”. “Dasalan at Toksohon”

and “10 Kautusan ng mga Prayle”,

Graciano Lopez Jaena: Great Orator

Graciano Lopez Jaena: Great Orator

“Fray Botod”, “Esperanza” & “La Hija del Fraile”

The newspaper of the Propaganda Movement


Featuresthe conditions

of the Philippines

Featuresthe conditions

of the Philippines



1st edition: February 15 18891st edition: February 15 1889

Last edition: November 15 1895

Last edition: November 15 1895

Members outside the country

• Filipinos mostly in Spain had enjoy the freedom of the said country

• but still used a different name (penname)to protect their family in the Philippines

Members of the Propaganda movement


Members inside the country• Secretly supporting the

propaganda movement in Spain

• Give financial assistant in the publication of La Solidaridad as well as information regarding the country

• responsible for the distribution of La Solidaridad



Penname• Jose Rizal: Dimasalang at Laon-Laan• Marcelo H. del Pilar: Plaridel• Mariano Ponce: Naning, Tikbalang

at Kalipulako• Jose Ma. Panganiban : Jomapa• Antonio Luna : Taga-ilog



CirculoHispanao -

Filipino

CirculoHispanao -

Filipino

Assosascion Hispano-Filipino

Assosascion Hispano-Filipino

La Liga FilipinaLa Liga Filipina

A Civic Society proposed by

Dr. Jose Rizal in his return to the

Philippines. Joined by other patriotic Filipino like:Ambrosio Salvador (President),

Agustin dela Rosa(fiscal), Bonifacio Arevalo (treasurer), Deodato Arellano (secretary) &

members likeAndres Bonifacio

Aims La Liga FilipinaAims La Liga Filipina

To unite thewhole

archipelago into one strong

body

1


To givemutual protection

forall members

in case of necessity

2


To encourage agriculture, commerce

and education

3


To defend the members against

anykind of violence &

injustice

4


To study and apply reforms

5


The society was to be governedby a supreme council, a

provincial council and popular council

The members of the society were

to pay a monthly dueof ten centavos

Use of moneyUse of money

To supportthe son of the member of the

society

1


To support the pooragainst the rich

and the powerfully

2


To give financial help to any member

who suffered losses

3


To openstores &shops which

with sell goods to members

at a low price

4


To introducemachines in order to promote industries

5

After 3 day (July 6) Rizal was arrested.

La Liga FilipinaLa Liga Filipina

First meeting in July 3, 1892,

The government saw

as an organization capable of uniting the Filipinos for self-reliance and defence.

They view the civic organization to be dangerous.

Why the reform movement failed

Why the reform movement failed

Spain is too busy on their own problems

Financial difficulties

Reformist are not united

The failure of the Propaganda movementled others to believe the

ineffectiveness of continuing a peaceful movement

Andres Bonifacio had a different idea he would teach the people to defend

themselves.

He establish a society that would not anymore clamour for reforms but one

that was ready for revolution

Andres Bonifacio together with Teodora Plata, Valentin Diaz, Deodato Arellano all of

them belonging to lower class of society gathered and organized a society called:

AngKataastaasang Kagalanggalangang

Katipunanng mga Anak ng Bayan

They performed the ancient Filipino custom of

sealing friendship and that SANDUGUAN

Triangle system:

Jose will recruit Pedro & Juan

The new members knew Jose but did not knew

each others

Recruitment of members

New system was use: To speed up the

process of enlisting members

Recruitment of members

All members also agree to pay a membership & monthly dues

Principle of self-help and the defence of the

weakand poor

civic

Aims of the Katipunan

Separationof the

Philippines from Spain

Political


Teaching of good manners

hygiene andgood moral character

Moral


1st grade or lowest pass word: “Anak ng

Bayan”

2nd gradePassword:

“GomBurZa”

3rd gradePassword: “Rizal”

Membership

Kawal

Katipon

Bayani

Supremo of Katipunan

Deodato Arellano

Roman Basa

Andres Bonifaciop

Ten commandments

of KatipunanAndres Bonifacio

Leading thinker of the Revolution of 1896

Katungkulan Gagawin ng mga Anak ng BayanDuties of the Sons of People

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Love God with all your

heart

1

Duties of the Sons of People

Bear always in mind that love of God is also love of

country & this too, is love of one’s fellowmen


2

Engrave in your heartthat the true measure of honor & happiness is to

die for the freedom of your

country


3

All your good wishes will be crowned with success if

you have serenity, constancy, reason & faith in

your acts & endeavour


4

Guard the mandates & aims of the K.K.K as you guard your

honor


5

It is the duty of all to defend atthe risk of their own lives & wealth, anyone who runs great risk in the

performance of his duty

6

Our responsibility to ourselves & the performance of our duties will

be the examples set for our fellowmen to follow


7

In so far as it is within your power share your means

with thePoor & the unfortunate

8

Diligence in the work that gives sustenance

to you is the true basis of love- love for your

own self, for your wife & children, for your brothers & countrymen


9

Punish any scoundrel & traitor& praise all your good works.

Believe, likewise, that the aims for the K.K.K are God-given, for the

will of the people is also the will of God.

10

Consisted of 13 teaching that

members are expected to

take this teaching by heart

Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

Kamara Negra

Emilio Jacinto

Andres Bonifacio Dr. Pio

Valenzuela

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Official newspaper of the Katipunan

Kalayaan

Penname

• Andres Bonifacio- Agapito Bagumbayan

• Emilio Jacinto – Dimas Ilaw

• Pio Valenzuela – Madlang Away

The Revolution

Spanish authorities were already suspecting a brewing

unrest related to an underground society whose purpose was to end Spanish

rule

Conditions before the revolution

Friars informed the governor-general about their suspicions but the governor- general did

not believe them.


Secret gathering in Batangas where rifles & other weaponry

were being smuggled occasionally along the coast of the province.


The Governor-General in order to pacify the friars, ordered the

banishment of some prominent citizens of Batngas & Bulacan.


Money was difficult to get,very few Filipinos are employed

There was no starvationbut the life of Filipino

wasfar from prosperous


They suffered from heavy taxation,

from abusive friars & civil authorities and lack of economic

opportunities


The government was spendingmillions of pesos for the army

& navy, the amount should have spent

for public improvement is smallVery little was spent for improvements in public works which would benefit the

people


Of all the causes of people dissatisfaction were the abuses of

the Spaniard - friars & civil authorities.

Natives experienced physical maltreatment in public places and unjustly ordered to be executed or

banished to faraway places like Guam, Jolo and Palawan.


Teodoro Patiño

Sister

Madre Portera

Discovery of Katipunan

August 30Martial LawMartial Law

in the 8 province which

rose an arm against the Spaniards

Rizal

Bulacan Cavite

Laguna Tarlac

Pampanga

BatangasNuev

a Ecija

Those who would surrenderwithin 48 hours after

the publication of decree would not be subjected to

military court

Blanco’s Policy of Attraction

Intended to win over the Filipinos

to the side of the government and

thus end the rebellionDr. Pio Valenzuela and his companions

took advantage of this provisionand surrender to the government

Blanco’s Policy of Attraction

When Katipunan was discovered on Aug. 19 Bonifacio was in Caloocan he

decidedto move to Balintawak.

He ordered to inform the Katipunerosthat there would be meeting in

Balintawakin Aug. 24.

Bonifacio reached Balintawak in the afternoon and arrived the following day at the next sitio called Pugad Lawin

Bonifacio asked his men whether they were prepared for

freedom & independence.

Everyone shouted they were prepared

to die

Tearing ofCedula Personal

inPugad Lawin

“Bring out your cedulas & tear them to pieces to show that we are

prepared to take up arms!”-Andres Bonifacio

Long live the Philippines! Long live Katipunan

-Katipuneros

Rizal’s Trial & Execution

Emilio Aguinaldo led the rebels against the Spaniard in

Kawit.

He won victory after victory and people admired his

qualities as a military leader called him Heneral Miong

Led by Baldomero Aguinaldo counsin of

Emilio Aguinaldon.(Kawit)

Led byMariano

Alvarez. (Naic)

2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite

Magdalo Magdiwang

The rivalry between the two factions the led to several defeats of the revolutions.

Accompanied by his wife and Bonifacio brothers arrived in Cavite toward the end of

Dec. 1896,he was asked to mediate between the

factions.An assembly was held in Imus Dec. 31

1896to determine whether Katipunan should

be transformed into another body of government

Favored the retention of Katipunan

Favored the change in the

Katipunan structure

Nothing was resulted form this meeting

2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite

Magdalo Magdiwang

On March 22, 1897 a convention was held at the estate house in Tejeros (now

General Trias)led by Jacinto Lumbreras a Magdiwang

The 1st part did not went well,

on 2nd part Bonifacio with Artemio Ricarte presided

the convention

The Tejeros Convention

Present members agreed toform a new government, official will be

electedby the those present in the convention


They agree to respect the outcome of the election.

• President – Emilio Aguinaldo

• Vice President – Mariano Trias

• Captain General – Artemio Ricarte

• Director of War – Emiliano Riego de Dios

• Director of the Interior – Andres Bonifacio

The Tejeros ConventionThe result of the election placed the following

Katipuneros into office:

When Bonifacio was being proclaimed Daniel Tirona (Magdalo)

stood up & said that Jose del Rosario an attorney from Cavite

was more qualified for the positionand should be elected


Hurt by the protest, Bonifacio demanded Tirona took back

what he said but the latter refused.Bonifacio took out his pistol & aimed at

Tirona, Ricarte was able to quickly held his hands.

The angry Bonifacio being theincumbent Supremo of the Katipunan,declared the result of the election as

null & void.

Then he & his men hurriedly left the place


The Tejeros Resolution

Naik Military Agreement

The Bonifacio brothers was sentenced to be shot to death Mayo 10, 1897.

Execution of Bonifacio brothers

Biak na Bato in San Miguel, Bulacan

Katipuneros in Biak na Bato

Aguinaldo eastbalished a republic government at Biak-na-Bato called

Biak-na-Bato Republic

Aguinaldo ordered the preparation for a constitution for the republic

Felix Ferrer & Isabelo ArtachoFelix Ferrer & Isabelo Artachocopied word for word thecopied word for word the

Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayunexcept for one article the Preamble

declared the aim of the revolution for the separation of the Philippines from Spain

A Filipino of Chinese ancestry offered

himself as mediator and approached

Govenor Primo Rivera

Aguinaldo & his men would

go to voluntary exile

1

Truce in Biak na BatoThe Agreement provided the following:

Primo de Rivera would pay Aguinaldo the

sum 800,000 in 3 instalment

2


• 400,000 upon his departure from the Philippines

• 200,000 when arms surrendered to the Spanish authorities

• 200,000 when general amnesty had been proclaimed

Primo de Rivera pay an additional 900,000

to families of non-combatantFilipino who suffered during the revolution

3


Replacement of Govenor General Primo de Rivera (Basilio Augustin)

Replacement of Govenor General Primo de Rivera (Basilio Augustin)

Spanish – American WarSpanish – American War

Aguinaldo in Hongkong

Letter of Dupuy de Lome (official of Spain)To his friend in Havana that the

American President (William Mc Kinley) is a weak leader

Political

Spanish – American War

The Cuban Revolution had won the sympathyAmericans

Society


Americans had big investment in Cuba(sugar)

Economic


On Feb. 15, 1898 the American battleship USS Maine exploded at Havana Harbor in Cuba, Spain was

blamed for the mishap

USS Maine Havana Harbor in Cuba

On April 25, 1898 the Congress of the United State formally declared the war on Spain.

However the investigation failed to connect the explosion

to the Spaniards

Admiral George Dewey

USS OlympiaUSS Olympia

Admiral Patricio Montojo

Reina CristinaReina Cristina

Battle of Manila Bay

Aguinaldo goes to Singapore

Interview with the Pratt

Hongkong Junta

Aguinaldo returns

The Siege of Manila

The Secret Agreement

The Mock Battle of Manila

The American Terms

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