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Structure of Presentation
Strong International Spirit
• Objective of the Convention
• Adaptation Planned Adaptation
Reactive Adaptation
• Increasing GHG Emissions
• National Adaptation Plans Increasing Vulnerability
Sectoral Adaptation Plans
• Conclusion
Strong International Spirit
• The Second World Climate Conference (SWCC)
(Nov 1990) confirmed the observed trend of
carbon dioxide concentrations and its
implications
• The Ministerial Declaration called on the
Secretary General to institute a mechanism to
protect the global climate
• General Assembly responded by establishing
the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee
(INC)
Strong International Spirit Contd.
• The International community, guided by the
principle of precautionary measure and the
provisions of the United Nations, took bold
decision amidst uncertainty - and adopted the
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 9th May in 1992
• Climate change is caused by high concentration
of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in
the atmosphere and vulnerability will increase
with increase in greenhouse gas emissions
Objective of the Convention
• The ultimate objective of this Convention and any other
related legal instruments that the Conference of the
Parties may adopt is to achieve stabilization of
greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere:
at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system
within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems
to adapt naturally to climate change
within a time-frame to ensure that food production
is not threatened
to enable economic development to proceed in a
sustainable manner
• The objective of the Convention is broad and
encompassing
Objective of the Convention Contd.
• Climate change is a serious problem to
humanity, development and ecosystems
• Sir John Houghton, re-known climatologist, described climate change as a weapon of mass destruction
• Can the No Harm Rule be applied to Parties who do not meet their mitigation commitments under the Convention?
• We must all prepare to face its brutality and also act now to reduce the future costs of adaptation
Vulnerability
• Humans and its ecosystems are
vulnerable to the negative impacts of
climate change
• Vulnerability can be minimized by healthy
ecosystems
• The slides below illustrate vulnerability of
humans and its ecosystems
Melting of Ice Cap on Mountains of the Moon
Melting of Rwenzori Mountains
Mount Stanley
293.19
186.26
84.83
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1906 1955 2005
YearA
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2005
Melting of Rwenzori Mountains Contd.
Mount Stanley
293.19
186.26
84.83
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Year
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The Most Vulnerable are Threatened Left story house in Bangladesh & right malnourished child
Hailstone in Kashaka in Kashari, Mbarara
What is the adaptation measure against impacts of hailstone?
Objective of the Convention Contd.
• Adaptation is built into the objective of the
Convention: ”Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”.
Adaptation
• Two types of adaptation, responsive (re-active) and planned
• Responsive Adaptation Reacting to a disaster or extreme weather or climate events
Very little time to plan response actions need to anticipate and prepare to manage such risks
Lead institutions (Department of Disaster Preparedness) should take the lead in preparing and planning for the management of such risks
Institutions and Individuals can also implement responsive adaptation
Weather and climate information is essential for both preparation and management of the risks
Therefore capacity building is an important element for effective adaptation
Adaptation Contd.
• Planned Adaptation Event or risk is anticipated and therefore there is adequate time
to plan (assuming capacity exist)
Lead early warning system institutions should take the lead in preparing and planning for the management of risks
Planned adaptation can be undertaken at national, local government or individual level
Casualties can be minimized because of adequate time to prepare
Capacity building is an important element for adaptation
Adaptation technology plays a much bigger role in planned adaptation
Weather and climate information is essential for both preparation and management of risks
Increasing GHG Emissions
• Available information indicates increasing
GHG emissions, rise in surface temperatures
and increased frequency and intensity of
extreme weather and climate events (see
slides below)
• Some developed countries are not meeting
their commitments under the UNFCCC
• GHG emissions are also increasing in
developing countries
• Some developing countries have adopted
sustainable development approach
Increasing GHG Emissions Contd.
• Increasing GHG emissions means
increased intensity and frequency of
extreme weather and climate events
• Hence the need for sector wide adaptation
plans and implementation of concrete
practical adaptation programmes
Increasing Trend of Global Temperatures
Occurrence of Droughts in Uganda
OCCURANCE OF DROUGHTS IN UGANDA
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Increasing Frequency of Droughts Leaving Dry Bore Holes in Uganda