- 1. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S
I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SN e i g h b o u r h o o d s N e g o
t i a t i o n P a r a m e t e r sGather a set of knowledge to
investigate the parameters thatenables spatial time-use adaptation
among users to negotiatebetween public and private spaces in
neighbourhoods.Promotor : Prof. Ir. Winy MaasCo-promotor : Ass.
Prof. Dr. Ing. Henriette BierPhD candidate : YeeKee Ku1Research
area : Architecture & Urban Design
2. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I
N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SC O N T E N TPart 1 : Research
framework2.0 Background, issues and research gaps3.0 Research
questions4.0 Research setup5.0 Time planPart 2 : Observation
stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0 Instrument : Observation
form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland, RotterdamPage no.2 3. P h D T
I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B
O U R H O O D SPart 1:Research frameworkPage no.3 4. P h D T I T L
E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R
H O O D SCONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0 Background, issues
and research gaps3.0 Research questions4.0 Research setup5.0 Time
planPart 2 : Observation stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0
Instrument : Observation form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland,
RotterdamPage no.4 5. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R
A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S5RESEARCH
GAPBACKGROUND :SPATIAL ADAPTATION 6. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I
A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S6Spatial transformation refers, in this context, to thedynamics of
a space that may change functionsinitiated by users or experts at
different time.Spatial time-usage adaptation is a muchmore fluid
respond to changing users needsand environment (esp. climatic
factors/room temperature) within a space, wherethe changing process
synchronised alongwith changing factors and time.Adaptation refers
to the seamless process that evolves andembedded into the complex
processes of human life,psychological needs for comfort and
coherence throughthe change of spatial function in architecture and
urbandesign scale (Mehaffy & Salingaros, 6AD).Negotiation is an
interactive process whereuser or users behave conscious
orunconsciously to the opposing spatial usewhere the boundary
between public andprivate spaces overlapped or blurredtemporally or
permanently.SPATIAL ADAPTATIONISSUES & BACKGROUND : ISOLATE
NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATIONDEFINATIONS: 7. P h D T I T L E : N E
G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S7ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOODAS INVESTIGATIONRESEARCH GAP 8. P h D T I T
L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U
R H O O D S8HIGHRISE / SKYSCRAPPER (PLANNED/ DESIGNED)Singapore /
Hong Kong / China Based on utility purposes (positioning
ofDIFFERENT NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES
& BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 9. P h D
T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H
B O U R H O O D S9INNER CITY (PLANNED / DESIGNED)Borneo Sporenburg,
Amsterdam Based on utility purposes (positioning ofDIFFERENT
NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES &
BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 10. P h D T I T
L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U
R H O O D S10INNER CITY HOUSING (PLANNED)Ypenburg, Netherlands /
Cheras Housing, MalaysiaBased on utility purposes (positioning
ofDIFFERENT NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES
& BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 11. P h D
T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H
B O U R H O O D S11URBAN VILLAGES (UNPLANNED / NATURAL)Hutong
Village, Beijing, China / Kampung Bahru, MalaysiaDIFFERENT
NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES &
BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 12. P h D T I T
L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U
R H O O D S12MEDITERENEAN TOWNS (UNPLANNED / NATURAL)Santorini,
Greece / Capri, Italy / Based on utility purposes (positioning
ofDIFFERENT NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES
& BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 13. P h D
T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H
B O U R H O O D S13SLUMPS (UNPLANNED / NATURAL)Mumbia, India /
Favella, Brazil Based on building conservation lawDIFFERENT
NEIGHBOURHOOD FABRIC / CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSISSUES &
BACKGROUND : ISOLATE NEIGHBOURHOOD AS INVESTIGATION 14. P h D T I T
L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U
R H O O D S14INITIAL CASE STUDY:COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
BETWEENTAMPANIES HIGHRISE COMMUNITY(SINGAPORE) AND HUTONG
URBANVILLAGE (BEIJING, CHINA) 15. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T
I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage
no.15HUTONG VILLAGE. BEIJING, CHINAApprox. year 1800sTYPICAL
HIGHRISE PLAN .SINGAPORESince 1960s TRANSITION SPACE : WIDE
COURTYARD & WALKWAY SPACE NEGOTIABLE RULESCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
: QUALITY OF TRANSITION SPACES (SPATIAL QUALITY) TRANSITION SPACE :
NARROW SHARED CORRIDOR SPACE HIGH CONTROLLED RULESCASE STUDY :
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN CONTROLLED HIGHRISE COMMUNITY
(SINGAPORE) ANDURBAN VILLAGE (HUTONG, BEIJING, CHINA) Source of
photos: Corbis Images 16. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P
A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.16HUTONG
VILLAGE. BEIJING, CHINAApprox. year 1800sTYPICAL HIGHRISE PLAN
.SINGAPORESince 1960s Transition space : wide courtyard andwalkway
space Negotiable rules Undefined private space ( free extensionto
courtyard space)COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS : QUALITY OF TRANSITION SPACES
(PLANS)CASE STUDY : COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN HIGHRISE HOUSING
(SINGAPORE) AND URBAN VILLAGE(HUTONG, BEIJING, CHINA). Source of
diagrams : URA (Singapore) Transition space : narrow shared
corridorspace High controlled rules ( non-negotiable) Defined
private space (guard throughownership) 17. P h D T I T L E : N E G
O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
SPage no.17HUTONG VILLAGE. BEIJING, CHINAApprox. year 1800sTYPICAL
HIGHRISE PLAN .SINGAPORESince 1960s TRANSITION SPACE : WIDE
COURTYARD & WALKWAY SPACE NEGOTIABLE RULESCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
: QUALITY OF TRANSITION SPACES (SPATIAL QUALITY) TRANSITION SPACE :
NARROW SHARED CORRIDOR SPACE HIGH CONTROLLED RULESCASE STUDY :
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN CONTROLLED HIGHRISE COMMUNITY
(SINGAPORE) ANDURBAN VILLAGE (HUTONG, BEIJING, CHINA) Source of
photos: Corbis Images 18. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P
A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.18HUTONG
VILLAGE. BEIJING, CHINAApprox. year 1800sTYPICAL HIGHRISE PLAN
.SINGAPORESince 1960s TRANSITION SPACE : WIDE COURTYARD &
WALKWAY SPACE NEGOTIABLE RULES UNDEFINED PUBLIC SPACE (FREE USAGE :
CHESS PLAYING,ETC)COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS : QUALITY OF TRANSITION
SPACES (SPATIAL USAGE BY USERS) TRANSITION SPACE : HUGE CONCRETE
WALWAY SPACE HIGH CONTROLLED RULES VERY DEFINED PUBLIC SPACE (USAGE
AS WALKWAY ONLY,LOCKED LEGALLY)CASE STUDY : COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
BETWEEN CONTROLLED HIGHRISE COMMUNITY (SINGAPORE) ANDURBAN VILLAGE
(HUTONG, BEIJING, CHINA). Source of photos: Corbis Images 19. P h D
T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H
B O U R H O O D SPage no.19RESEARCH GAPExperts in practice often
draw up or implementpolicies based on their interpretation of a
visionaryplan for a city instead of understanding hownegotiation
between private and public space takesplace and how communication
rules emerge amongusers and experts.Lehnerer, A. (2009).Grand Urban
Rules. English (Vol. 1, p. 272). 010 Publishers. 20. P h D T I T L
E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R
H O O D S20RESEARCH GAPLACK OF UNDERSTANDING IN HOWNEGOTIATION IN
BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLICSPACES AMONG USERS IN A
NEIGHBORHOODNegotiation between Private and public spaces Among
users In neighbourhoodsRESEARCH GAP 21. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T
I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage
no.21RESEARCH SETUP 01 : ISSUES, BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH
GAPSCONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0 Background, issues and
research gaps3.0 Research questions4.0 Research setup5.0 Time
planPart 2 : Observation stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0
Instrument : Observation form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland,
Rotterdam 22. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T
E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S22RESEARCH QUESTIONS : MAIN
AND SUB-QUESTIONSRESEARCH QUESTIONSMAIN QUESTION :WHAT ARE THE
PARAMETERS THAT ENABLE USERSTO NEGOTIATE THEIR SPATIAL TIME USAGE
INBETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES IN THEIREXISTING
NEIGHBORHOOD?SUB-QUESTIONS :What are the factors influencing
thenegotiation parameters whichinfluenced the urban fabric of
aneighborhood ? 23. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A
M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S23FINAL PRODUCTS &
EXPECTED RESULTSKEY QUESTIONS What are the parameters that enables
thenegotiation process to occur? What are the factors influencing
the parametersmentioned above?BACKGROUND QUESTIONS How to
understand the negotiation processmentioned above? What are the
negotiation processes? 24. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N
P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage
no.24RESEARCH SETUP 01 : ISSUES, BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH
GAPSCONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0 Background, issues and
research gaps3.0 Approach, strategies and proposal4.0 Research
questions5.0 Research setup6.0 Time planPart 2 : Observation
stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0 Instrument : Observation
form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland, Rotterdam 25. P h D T I T L E
: N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H
O O D SPage no.25 26. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R
A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S26RESEARCH SETUP:
HYPOTHESIS, MAIN AND SUB-OBJECTIVESHYPOTHESISThe negotiation
parameters are temporal socialrules derived from users collective
socialbehavior within different neighborhoodscontext.MAIN
OBJECTIVESGather a set of knowledge throughobservations among users
spatial time-useadaptation negotiations between public andprivate
space in neighbourhoods.SUB OBJECTIVESInvestigate the parameters by
mapping,simulating and verifying the parameters usingdynamic
parametric modelling method. 27. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T
I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S27FINAL
PRODUCTS & EXPECTED RESULTSFINAL PRODUCTS Generic parameters
that enabled negotiationprocess mentioned above. Digitalised
parametric model of spatial time-usenegotiation between public and
private spaces inneighbourhoods selected as case studies. A set of
knowledge of users negotiation processbetween public and private
spaces in selectedneighbourhoods.EXPECTED RESULT Parameters are a
set of dynamic collective socialrules that is temporal or
permanent. 28. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E
T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S28RESEARCH RELEVANCE
(PRECEDENT 1: PATTERN LANGUAGE TO SIM CITY)PATTERN LANGUAGE.
1975http://web.mit.edu/kkdb/www/newhome/spacefighter/Research
methodology : Random observations on 200 buildingsand surroundings
around UK, US, Japan, Mexico and etc.advantages Qualitative
description on photosdisadvantages Selection of buildings location
around the world is notmapped (unknown)SIMCITY. 1980.Built generic
city in virtual
worldhttp://www.kaisersrot.ch/kaisersrot-02/Welcome.htmladvantages
Utilise generative grammar to build a city Create generic formed
citydisadvantages Predictable parameters where every city created
are thesame.SOFTWARE ANALYSIS 29. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T
I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S29QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONPhotos, Diagrams, Sketches Based on
utility purposes (positioning ofunderground services and fire
engine access) Influence natural light and ventilation on facade
Control building footprint Indirectly control building massCATEGORY
: URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINESHeight control Based on building
conservation law Influence Pariss skyline Control plot ratio
Indirectly control densityEXAMPLE OF RESEARCH FINAL OUTCOME
(PRECEDENT 1: PATTERN LANGUAGE) 30. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A
T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S30RESEARCH RELEVANCE (PRECEDENT 2: GRAND URBAN RULES TO
KAISEROFT)GRAND URBAN RULES,
2009http://web.mit.edu/kkdb/www/newhome/spacefighter/Advantages
Gather all findings: urban rules / parameters in the world Easy to
understand 3d pictorial cataloguesdisadvantages
unconclusiveKAISERSORT (ETZH) 2010.Design your own
neighborhoodhttp://www.kaisersrot.ch/kaisersrot-02/Welcome.htmladvantages
Design is generated by a collection of intelligent objectswith
changeable parameters Optimize land use = distribution of plot
layout / pattern Achievable specific objective as a final outcome
Assist decision making.disadvantages Difficult to define parameters
of good / high quality ofspace 31. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A
T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S31CATEGORY : UNIFORM BUILDING-BY-LAWBuilding setback Based on
utility purposes (positioning ofunderground services and fire
engine access) Influence natural light and ventilation on facade
Control building footprint Indirectly control building massCATEGORY
: URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINESHeight control Based on building
conservation law Influence Pariss skyline Control plot ratio
Indirectly control densityEXAMPLE OF RESEARCH FINAL OUTCOME
(PRECEDENT 2: GRAND URBAN RULES) 32. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I
A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
S32LIMITATIONS Isolate a small fragment of neighbourhood to focus
onnegotiation in neighbourhood scale may not explain theconnection
with the reality of a whole dynamics of urbancomplex system. Users
behaviour and urban environment changes rapidly thusinfluencing the
changing negotiation process beinginvestigated here. Therefore, it
is crucial to find out thefactors contributing to the negotiation
process and notCONTRIBUTIONS A set of parameters which may be use
for further researchesin the field of: Design tool / framework
Software simulation / Applications Games 33. P h D T I T L E : N E
G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D
SPage no.33CONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0 Background, issues
and research gaps3.0 Approach, strategies and proposal4.0 Research
questions5.0 Research setup6.0 Time planPart 2 : Observation
stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0 Instrument : Observation
form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland, Rotterdam 34. P h D T I T L E
: N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H
O O D S34 35. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T
E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.35PART 2 :OBSERVATION
STAGE 36. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R
S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.36RESEARCH SETUP 01 :
ISSUES, BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH GAPSCONTENTPart 1 : Research
framework2.0 Background, issues and research gaps3.0 Approach,
strategies and proposal4.0 Research questions5.0 Research setup6.0
Time planPart 2 : Observation stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0
Instrument : Observation form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland,
Rotterdam 37. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T
E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.37 38. P h D T I T L E
: N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H
O O D SPage no.38SELECTION OF CASE STUDY AROUND THE WORLD 39. P h D
T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H
B O U R H O O D SPage no.39CONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0
Background, issues and research gaps3.0 Approach, strategies and
proposal4.0 Research questions5.0 Research setup6.0 Time planPart 2
: Observation stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0 Instrument :
Observation form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland, Rotterdam 40. P h
D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G
H B O U R H O O D SPage no.40OBSERVATION FORM 41. P h D T I T L E :
N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O
O D SPage no.41RESEARCH SETUP 01 : ISSUES, BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH
GAPSCONTENTPart 1 : Research framework2.0 Background, issues and
research gaps3.0 Approach, strategies and proposal4.0 Research
questions5.0 Research setup6.0 Time planPart 2 : Observation
stage6.0 Selection of case studies7.0 Instrument : Observation
form8.0 Pilot study 01 : Middleland, Rotterdam 42. P h D T I T L E
: N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H
O O D SPage no.42 43. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R
A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D SPage no.43 44. P h D T
I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B
O U R H O O D S44 45. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R
A M E T E R S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S45CONCLUSION The
parameters contribute to an understanding of emergentprocess in
existing neighbourhood. A set of knowledge about existing users
negotiation processin between public and private spaces, will be
able tocontribute to other following researches to
furtherunderstand the negotiation patterns, rules and etc also
inbuilding games or applications in the future.CONTRIBUTIONS A set
of parameters which may be use for further researchesin the field
of: Design tool / framework Software simulation / Applications
Games 46. P h D T I T L E : N E G O T I A T I O N P A R A M E T E R
S I N N E I G H B O U R H O O D S46The end