Pharmacologyonline 3: 1015-1024 (2009) Gopalkrishna et al 1015 EFFECT OF PURIFICATIO (SODHAA) O THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF SEEDS OF UX-VOMICA Gopalkrishna SV¹, Lakshminarsu M³, Ramachandra Setty S²* 1. Department of Pharmacognosy, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli, Davanagere dist., Karnataka, India. 2. Department of P.G.Pharmacology, S.C.S.College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli, Davanagere dist., Karnataka, India. 3. Director, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Kukatpalli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Author for correspondence: [email protected]Summary The Sodhana (Detoxification/Purification) process occupies an important part in the traditional ayurvedic system of medicine in India. The sodhana processes are used to remove visha or toxic substances from various medicinal substances. The sodhana process performed in three stages for nux vomica seeds. In the present investigation, Strychnos nux vomica Linn. seeds are detoxified by subjected to sodhana process by keeping in cow’s urine for 7 nights and they are subjected to swedana (seeds are boiled in cow’s milk for 3 hours). Then the seed coat and embryo are removed. Further roasted with cow’s ghee and powdered. The purpose of sodhana is to reduce toxicity by reducing the toxic alkaloids, toxic glycosides by treatment with cow's urine.Then seeds are boiled with cow's milk and roasted with cow's ghee to eliminate irritant trichomes on the surface of seeds so that the powder drug can be swallowed safely and also easy to make the seed powder. In the present study, the impact of the sodhana on the acute toxicity of the seeds is verified and it is found that the LD50 of unprocessed nux vomica seed powder is 256mg/kg and sodhana processed seed powder LD50 is 2600mg/kg. The acute toxicity of the sodhana processed product is significantly reduced (about 1/10 th ) when compared to unprocessed seed powder LD50. It would be worthwhile to determine the major alkaloids strychnine and brucine content in the unprocessed and sodhana processed seed powder and screening the biological activities in order to understand the significance of the sodhana process of the seeds of nux vomica for its safety and efficacy as Ayurvedic medicinal preparation. Keywords: Strychnos nux vomica, Sodhana, Detoxification, Acute toxicity, Lethal dose 50 (LD50).
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Pharmacologyonline 3: 1015-1024 (2009) Gopalkrishna et al
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