Pgi - May 2011

POWER-GRID.COM : MAY 2011

18 Selling Consumerson Meters, Money

26 Big Challenges Remainfor U.S. Offshore Wind

54 Selling Energy Efficiencyin the Industrial Sector

Renewable Energy and the Grid

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Summer 2011 Energy

Catalogue

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| | | | | |Previous Page Contents Zoom in Zoom out Front Cover Search Issue Next Page BA

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PowerGrid International: ISSN 1547-6723,

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2 | May 2011www.power-grid.com

MAY 2011 VOLUME 16.05

36 Solutions for Integrating PV into the Grid Intermittency is just the beginning of the issues on the table for solar.

.

44 Case Study on PLC Technology at E.ONE.ON Sverige is beginning to build a smarter electric grid.

47 Hedging Utility CustomerService Against Disaster Consumers are learning to understand newsmart tools for energy management.

50 Coordinating the Smart GridsNew Phase of Global ImplementationToday, utilities are seeking to expand deployments.

54 Selling Energy Efficiencyin the Industrial SectorTo ensure effective use of funds, utilities mustmaximize promoting efficiency.

62 Products

63 Calendar/Ad Index

64 Perspectives

From the Editor 6

Notes 8

18

26

30

22Reliable, Long-life Power

Cable Crucial to Wind Energy Systems

Cable design and construction with validated performance-based materials

is critical to meet demand.

Selling Consumerson Meters, Money Senior Editor Kathleen Davis

examines programs working toconvince consumers aboutthe joys of the smart meter.

Big Challenges Remainfor U.S. Offshore Wind

The need for a new transmission network could hinder wind power progress.

Network Infrastructure Considerations for

Smart Grid Strategies Data creep is under way. Is

your network prepared?

40 Cables are so Brilliant Theyre BoringSenior Editor Kathleen Davis interviewsDow Wire & Cables Simon Sutton.

58 The Smart Grids Singular Security ChallengeA smart grid security breach couldlead to unsafe situations.

g

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EDITOR IN CHIEFTeresa Hansen

918.831.9504 [email protected]

SENIOR EDITORKathleen Davis


ASSOCIATE EDITORKristen Wright


ONLINE/ASSOCIATE EDITORJeff Postelwait


PRESENTATION EDITORDeanna Taylor


BUSINESS ADMINISTRATORAngie ODea


CIRCULATION MANAGERJanet Orton


CIRCULATION DIRECTORGloria Adams


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phone 847.559.7501

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PENNWELL CORP. IN EUROPEPennWell House, Horseshoe Hill, Upshire

Essex EN9 3SR, United Kingdom

phone +44.1992.656600

fax +44.1992.656700

[email protected]

CHAIRMANFrank Lauinger

PRESIDENT/CEORobert F. Biolchini

SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE& ADMINISTRATION (CFO)

Mark C. Wilmoth

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[email protected]

http://pennwell.com

POWER-GRID.COM

Get daily news and up-to-date industry

information online at our website. The site

features topic centers across multiple areas,

including metering, smart grid, demand response

and transmission. Online Editor Jeff Postelwait

posts fresh news every weekday morning to give

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pennwell.com.

Issue ArchivesTo see a story from our archives, visit the

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_______________________________________


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EDITOR IN CHIEF

TERESA HANSEN

FROM THE EDITOR

California Gov. Jerry Brown on April 12 signed

legislation requiring the states utilities to obtain 33

percent of their electricity from renewable sources by

2020. This is the most aggressive renewable portfolio

standard (RPS) in the country. The previous California

RPS mandated 20 percent by 2020.

To people who know little or nothing about how

electricity flows through the transmission and distribution

system and whats involved in keeping the lights on, this

sounds like a great idea. Many believe the percentage

should be higher. To people who understand the ins and

outs of electricity generation and delivery, however, it

seems like a mammoth taskmaybe impossible.

Major advancement in energy storage technology

will be required to maintain reliable service with the

heavy intermittent load that 33 percent renewable

sources will introduce to the grid. Fortunately, utilities,

technology companies and government are investing

heavily in energy storage research and development. For

example, the Department of Energys (DOEs) Advanced

Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) on April 15

signed a deal with Duke Energy and the Electric Power

Research Institute to identify opportunities for testing

and deploying ARPA-E-funded projects that will bolster

the electric grid. One of the initiatives main focuses is

grid-scale energy storage.

Duke Energy committed to developing grid-scale

energy storage some time ago. It announced in November

2009 plans to match a $22 million DOE grant to install

large-scale batteries at its 153-MW Notrees wind farm

in West Texas. A few weeks ago the utility announced it

selected Austin-based Xtreme Powers energy storage and

power management system for the site.

DOE Secretary Steven Chu in April announced that

up to $130 million from the ARPA-E will be made

available to develop five new program areas that could

spark critical breakthrough technologies. This includes

$30 million to fund the Green Electricity Network

Integration (GENI) project. Although this project is not

an energy storage project, it is aimed at making the grid

able to handle intermittent load better from renewable

sources. Its main goal is to develop innovative grid-

control software and high-voltage hardware.

A couple of articles in this issue discuss renewable

energy and the grid. On page 36 Johan Enslin of Petra

Solar writes of photovoltaic solar integration solutions.

Ram Ramachandran of Dow Wire & Cable explains the

importance of using high-quality cable in wind facilities

to mitigate maintenance issues and help ensure grid

reliability on page 22.

The industry is working on projects that should help

California utilities deliver reliable electricity services

as more renewable sources come online. Whether the

needed technology breakthroughs will occur soon

enough is unclear.

Cost could be the white elephant in the room. Even if

the technology is available in time, it will not be cheap.

Critics of the new lawincluding Pacific Gas & Electric

Co. (PG&E), the states largest utilitypredict the RPS

will create much higher electricity rates for all consumers.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, California took

a lead role in deregulating the electricity market. Its

lawmakers were sure competition among generating

companies would lower electricity prices. It didnt. At

one point wholesale electricity prices increased 800

percent. In addition, the state experienced more than

one large-scale blackout, and rolling blackouts were

common. By 2002, both operating units of PG&E

were under bankruptcy protection. Southern California

Edison was nearly bankrupt. Some reports and studies

say the botched deregulation attempt cost the state, its

utilities and consumers between $40 billion and $45

billion.

California consumers havent forgotten this debacle,

and I doubt theyll understand if this latest cutting-edge

energy legislation raises their rates.

Californias Newest Cutting Edge Electricity Legislation Faces Hurdles


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NOTES

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION ISNT TOO

EXOTIC FOR THE SMART GRID

Satellite communication has long

been used in utility networks to

provide connectivity for supervi-

sory control and data acquisition

(SCADA) and applications such as

voice, video and data to remote

substation sites that other commu-

nications methods cannot reach

economically. Despite this his-

tory, satellite communication often

is viewed as an exotic technology

and overlooked as a smart grid

communications option.

Satellite communication recently

has evolved in improving perfor-

mance reliability and reducing costs.

Satellite networks are now two-way

communications systems built on

Internet Protocol (IP) with broad-

band data rates. Next-generation

coding standards have made sat-

ellite more reliable and cost-effi-

cient. Satellite networking hard-

ware has been engineered to meet

BY BOB GOHN, PIKE RESEARCH

TO THE EDITOR

Dear Ms. Hansen,

I read your From the Editor column in March 2011

POWERGRID International with some interest. I was not

surprised by your reaction to the negative comments

received in response to Onell Sotos article, but I also am

not surprised by the negative comments. I am an energy

professional, having worked as an engineer for a major

utility for 18 years and as a consultant for 22 years, and

I have many negative comments concerning the moves

toward energy conservation and the smart grid.

First and foremost, the average individual energy

consumer sees the move toward energy conservation

as an attempt by utilities to save money at consumers

expense. Most consumers remember the days when

utilities were guaranteed a return on investment in return

for supplying energy when and where needed in any

quantity needed. They remember being encouraged to

use energy to improve their lives. Now they are being

asked to curtail their use of energy and to alter their

lifestyles to make life easier for the utilities. Rather than

doing dishes, washing clothes or using hot water at the

customers convenience, these activities are to be shifted

to the times most convenient to utilities.

The consumer sees no real economic benefit for

himself or herself from energy conservation. In some

cases, utilities note that they receive less income due

to energy conservation and apply to their commissions

for rate increases, leaving consumers to feel betrayed or

played for fools.

The consumer also sees a growing intrusion into his

or her personal life. Smart appliances can report to the

utility when they are being used. Smart appliances can

be controlled remotely be the utility. (One government

study by the Department of Energy advocated mandatory

remote control of consumer appliances to reduce the

need for increased electrical generation.) In addition, a

wealth of personal information that can be inferred from

the usage patterns of various appliances.

For more knowledgeable consumers, there is

also the issue of energy security. In an age when

computer hackers can compromise any network,

steal information from almost any data base, and

compromise industrial control systems, the smart

grid appears to be a tempting target for the random

computer hacker and for the organized cyber attack

forces of hostile states and organizations.

The energy industry has not made its case to

consumers and has, in my opinion, given short shrift to

the issues inherent in the changes it proposes to impose

on a skeptical public.

Mark W. Bailey, P.E.


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Go to http://uae.hotims.com for more information.

_____________


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NOTES

terrestrial networking tech-

nologies.

Lower entry cost as a result

of dynamic bandwidth-sharing

techniques such as the deter-

ministic time division multiple

access (TDMA) technology.

Terrestrial-grade service level

agreements (SLAs) based on

advances in quality-of-service

management that allow

bandwidth prioritization by user,

application, virtual local area

network (VLAN), IP address or

other identifiers combined with

static or dynamic committed

information rates (CIR).

Data security through the con-

figuration of encrypted private

next-generation carrier standards,

integrating well with terrestrial wire-

less and wireline communications.

Advances in satellite communica-

tions and in particular very small

aperture terminal (VSAT) technolo-

gies have expanded the range of

potential smart grid applications.

These systems use small antennas

(often less than 1 meter), simpler

IP-compatible terminal equipment

and better performance than earlier

satellite systems. These VSAT solu-

tions provide:

Broad geographic coverage,

including areas where standard

wired and wireless technolo-

gies cannot reach. Flexible data

rate performance, ranging from

16 kilobytes per second (kbps)

suitable for basic SCADA con-

nectivity to speeds of 1 megabit

per second (Mbps) and above

in support of voice, video

and general data applications.

Performance often is enhanced

further by bandwidth optimiza-

tion technologies for IP com-

munication, such as user data-

gram protocol (UDP) header

compression.

Highly reliable connectivity,

suitable for day-to-day opera-

tion or as a backup to terres-

trial systems during disaster

recovery situations.

Full IP-based integration with

standard wired or wireless

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May 2011 | 11 www.power-grid.com

networks, which is necessary

for utilities to comply with

the North American Electric

Reliability Corp. (NERC) speci-

fications. Support of multiproto-

col label switching (MPLS) and

VLANs separates different users,

applications or both (SCADA

vs. generalized data) with their

own bandwidth assurances.

Protection against weather con-

ditions through adaptive modu-

lation techniques that maintain

signal strength during rain or

solar events that sometimes

occurred with older satellite

technologies.

Utilities may build and operate

their own private satellite network

by leasing dedicated bandwidth

from satellite operators such as

Intelsat and SES. If deploying many

satellite terminals, a self-managed

network can be cost-effective. For

smaller networks, however, working

through a satellite network provider

is an attractive alternative because of

the bandwidth economies of scale in

an existing providers larger network

deployment.

In addition to supporting sites

such as substations and power gen-

eration plants, satellite is an increas-

ingly viable option for other smart

grid applications, including:

Broadband connectivity to

remote substations to support

video surveillance, and voice

and data connectivity to increase

security and productivity.

Advanced metering infrastruc-

ture (AMI) backhaul from meter

aggregation nodes, especially in

more remote, rural areas where

other technologies might not be

cost-effective.

Distribution automation con-

nectivity, ensuring connectivity

throughout the service territory.

Monitoring and control of

remote renewable generation

sites, such as solar or wind farm

management.

Business continuity applica-

tions, providing links to back-

up network operations centers


www.nynas.com


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NOTES

nication hardware as a result of

using various vendors. Numerous

critical components constitute the

smart grid. Capability

is complicated fur-

ther because many

components are leg-

acy and not directly

smart grid-friendly.

Given this versa-

tility and protocol

independence, net-

working technology

can bring together

diverse devices on

the network. Device

server technology

can aggregate com-

munications of local

interfaces including

asynchronous serial,

RS-232, RS-485,

Bluetooth, ZigBee and digital and

analog input/output (IO).

Machine-to-machine (M2M)

communications addresses the

data issue, as well. It allows for

the collection of real-time meter

data from legacy equipment,

which then can be sent to the

utility to interpret and address.

Power-consumption information

As the smart grid gains in pop-

ularity, embedded technology that

enables two-way communications

is becoming a key component

in extracting data from legacy

equipment at the networks edge.

Intelligence can be embedded

inside meters or attached exter-

nally to equipment. The efficient

acquisition of data and control

across the network from each

isolated point are power industry

requirements.

But what is critical to enabling

this real-time communications high-

way? The answer is communica-

tions technology embedded in util-

ity meters, distribution substations

and other related power equipment.

Such technology enables organiza-

tions to control entire systems, read

meters and allocate power according

to need from one central location

over the Internet.

As highlighted by Pike

Researchs December 2010 smart

grid report on 10 trends to watch

in 2011, it will be important

to keep an eye on communica-

tions standards, data management

and networking vendors enter-

ing the space. Industry standards,

including IEEE802.11n, Wi-Fi

Enterprise, IEE802.3, ZigBee,

IEE802.15.4 and Bluetooth will

begin to catch up with deploy-

ments, and companies will need

to determine which works best.

Data management also becomes

more difficult as more smart

meters are deployed because of

the influx of information that

must be tracked. All this is lead-

ing to utility companies looking

at their back end databases and

business intelligence infrastruc-

ture to ensure they can handle

the data seamlessly. Its important

to bring together the range of

communications hardware and

protocolsTransmission Control

Protocol (TCP) and Internet

Protocol (IP), Simple Network

Management Protocol (SNMP),

Modbus, and Open Smart Grid

Protocol (OSGP)to remotely

control and manage the diverse

devices on the network and

behind firewalls.

The utilities industry recogniz-

es the benefits of IP-based com-

munication. At the substation

level, however, there are often

compatibility issues with commu-

THINKING ABOUT SMART GRID INTELLIGENCE

BY DARYL MILLER, LANTRONIX

(NOCs) during emergency

response or disaster recovery

situations.

Redundant communications at

critical substation and distribu-

tion sites to backup terrestrial

communications.

Remote sites are not necessarily

limited to sites in rural or geographi-

cally remote locations. Sometimes

locations in urban centers have

limitations that make standard

wired technologies economically

unfeasible, including right-of-

way access, line-of-sight or inter-

ference issues. In these cases,

satellite can be a viable option.

Bob Gohn is a senior analyst at

Pike Research. This piece is excerpted

from Smart Grid Technologies and

the Role of Satellite Communications

available from Pike Research. More

information on this paper and other

research is available at http://pikere-

search.com.

________

_______


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can be sent via numerous forms

over the network, including

Ethernet, 802.11, cellular and

power line carrier. The challenge

occurs when companies with legacy,

non-networked equipment want to

optimize their investment in existing

infrastructure. Using external device

servers and embedded modules,

organizations can provide serial

connectivity for applications, as

device servers allow independence

from proprietary protocols.

In addition to device servers,

M2M technology provides the

ability to translate protocols to

allow nonroutable protocols to be

routed. It also offers options for

serial and network connections,

including serial tunneling and

automatic host connections.

With so much data available,

organizations are challenged to

gather and process the information

effectively and efficiently. Integrating

communications technology into

ones existing smart grid deploy-

ment enables remote access, control

and troubleshooting capabilities for

more efficient data acquisition, con-

trol, reduced costs and better cus-

tomer service. It also ensures legacy

equipment can be connected to a

network. This is a top priority for

the utility industry.

Daryl Miller is vice president of engineering

at Lantronix.

Organizations are challenged to

gather and process information

effectively and effi ciently.


______________________


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NOTES

1

5

4

3

2

1

0

AVERAGE, RANGE OF MATURITY SCORES FOR ALLSGMM COMPASS SURVEY RESPONSES

Matu

rity

Leve

l

SMR OS GO WAM TECH CUST VCI SE

SMR: Strategy, Management and Regulatory OS: Organization and Structure GO: Grid Operations WAM: Work and Asset Management TECH: Technology CUST: Customer VCI: Value Chain Integration SE: Societal and Environmental

EXPLAINING THE SMART GRID MATURITY MODEL

AUSTIN MONTGOMERY AND DAVID WHITE, CARNEGIE MELLON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

The Smart Grid Maturity Model

(SGMM) is one approach many

utilities use to assess where they

are on the smart grid journey and

make systematic decisions about

how far and how fast to go.

The SGMM is a management

tool that helps utilities plan smart

grid implementation, prioritize

options and measure progress.

Developed for utilities by utilities,

the model is hosted by the Software

Engineering Institute (SEI) at

Carnegie Mellon University. The

SEI is maintaining and evolving

the SGMM as a resource for

industry transformation with the

support of the Department of

Energy (DOE) and input from

stakeholders.

Utilities use the SGMM to assess

their current state of smart grid

implementation, define their goals

for a future state and generate

inputs into their road mapping,

planning and implementation

processes. Major investor-owned

utilities and small public power

utilities in the U.S. and around the

world have reported finding the

model a valuable tool.

ACCESSING AND

APPLYING THE SGMM

Applying the model begins with

an assessment using the SGMM

compass, a survey instrument

containing questions correspond-

ing to each characteristic in the

model, as well as demographic

and performance information. An

SGMM assessment yields a matu-

rity rating that represents defined

stages of an organizations progress

toward achieving its smart grid


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vision in automation, efficiency,

reliability, integration of alterna-

tive energy sources, improved

customer interaction, energy

and cost savings, and access to

new business opportunities and

markets. Maturity levels must be

viewed in the context of an orga-

nizations business goals and regu-

latory environment. Achieving a

high level in every domain is

not necessarily a suitable goal for

every organization.

Utilities have two options for

conducting an SGMM assessment

and using the model: working

with an SEI-certified SGMM

navigator or completing a self-

assessment.

Information about the SGMM,

including downloadable model

artifacts, guidance on using the

model and details on the SGMM

navigation program (includ-

ing becoming a certified SGMM

navigator), is available at http://

sei.cmu.edu/smartgrid/tools. (See

Figure 1 for maturity results.)

USER EXPERIENCES

SGMM users range from large

investor-owned utilities to small

municipalities in the U.S. and

around the world. Some are pio-

neers in smart grid implemen-

tation; others are just thinking

about smart grid. The way in

which they use the model differs

according to their circumstances,

but all have reported benefits from

using this community resource.

For utilities that have embarked

on a smart grid journey, the

SGMM has proven useful to help

management take a step back

from the day-to-day activity, foster

cross-organization discussion and

consensus, assess progress and

refine plans.

SDG&E is working hard to

realize the benefits of smart grid,

said Lee Krevat, direct of smart

grid at San Diego Gas & Electric

Co (SDG&E). Going through

the SGMM navigation process

with our cross-cutting smart grid

team gave us an opportunity to

take a step back to share diverse

perspectives and take stock of

The SGMM is useful to help

management take a step back

from day-to-day activity.


_________________

_________________________

____

___________________


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NOTES

To test the applicability of the

SGMM to the public power sector,

the SEI with the support of the

DOE and American Public Power

Association conducted a pilot

study using the SGMM navigation

process with American Municipal

Power in Columbus, Ohio, and

22 of its member utilities. The

participating utilities found that

the SGMM provided a useful com-

mon language and framework for

discussing smart grid and recom-

mended it for other public power

utilities.

American Municipal Power

members said the final report

offers an objective analysis of their

utility; it provides more weight to

our progress and strategic

direction. We look forward to

benefiting not just from our own

use of the model but to sharing

experiences and lessons learned

with other utilities in the SGMM

community.

Utilities have done multiple

SGMM assessments, using it as a

standard to measure their prog-

ress and refine their strategy and

implementation.

Pepco Holdings Inc. has been

involved with the SGMM since

its inception, said George Potts,

Pepco Holdings vice president of

business transformation.

We recently completed the

survey again, using the SGMM

navigation process, Potts said.

This was helpful in fostering

candid, fact-based discussion of

where we have been, where we

are today and where we expect to

be in the future. We look forward

to using the tool as an integral

part of our ongoing planning and

transformation process and in

measuring our progress.

For utilities just starting, the

SGMM can provide a reference

set of community experience and

help them establish a smart grid

road map and strategy. Some utili-

ties also have used SGMM outputs

to communicate with stakehold-

ers about smart grid investment

benefits and costs.

___________


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2BREAKDOWN OF UTILITY TYPE AMONGEXPANDING SGMM COMMUNITY

Single Function Partially Integrated(2 Functions)

Fully Integrated(4 Functions)

Partially Integrated(3 Functions)

25.8%

Distribution Only

2.2%

Transmission

Only

27%

Generation, Transmission,

Distribution, Retail

2.2%

Generation, Distribution

2.2%

Generation, Transmission

9%

Transmission, Distribution

10.1%


4.5%

Generation,


4.5%

Generation,

Transmission,

Distribution

12.4%

Transmission,


the results and has created a communication

tool they can share with the community to

help them leverage support as they set a

vision.

Some users have applied the SGMM

in national and regional road mapping

initiatives. During summer 2010, the

Mexican national utility, Comisin Federal

de Electricidad (CFE), and the Mexican

Energy Ministry, Secretara de Energa de

Mxico (SENER), became the first organi-

zations to apply the SGMM at the national

level as an aid in developing a national

smart grid road map. CFE is one of the

worlds largest utilities, serving 33.9 million

customers.

After familiarizing themselves with the

SGMM, the CFE-SENER team selected a

group from three CFE divisions (repre-

senting different regions, load profiles and

conditions within Mexico) to participate in

an SGMM pilot, thus providing insight at national

and regional levels. The CFE team found the process

helpful in identifying issues for discussion, provid-

ing a baseline for measuring progress and generating

valuable inputs into planning.

As of January, some 100 utilities have used the

SGMM, representing a cross section of utility types

and sizes (see Figure 2). As more utilities around the

world participate and the experience base around

the SGMM grows, it becomes an increasingly valu-

able resource to inform the industrys smart grid

transformation.

Austin Montgomery is smart grid program lead for the Carnegie

Mellon Software Engineering Institute. David White is project manager at

the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute and a core member

of the development team for the Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM).


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EnergyAxis conference in Bonita Springs, Fla., that

the average customer starts with an emotional deci-

sion then develops reasons to rationalize it. The tradi-

tional, logical approach utilities often use to sell smart

metering pilots, meter changes, pricing programs

and the smart grid mighty not be effective, she said.

Advertising messages that work best often balance an

emotional and rational promise.

When it comes to the smart grid and smart metering

programs, utilities traditionally have used a handful of

rational arguments to sell their programs to consumers:

It helps the environment,

It will help with energy efficiency, and

Bills will be more accurate.

The problem with these arguments, Shelton said, is

that the average utility sending these messages doesnt

recognize consumers emotional side that isnt rational

and is freaked out about their own money.

Using the three examples, Shelton showed studies

that debunk how effective these campaigns could be.

According to her numbers, 3 percent of the population

knows that coal-fired plants affect climate change. They

dont understand the connection between energy and

the environment, she said.

Utilities were deemed trusted with efficiency pro-

grams in the survey. Customers surveyed said utilities

are working to make things more efficient on the utility

end, but customers do not know why utilities are trying

to sell them efficiency on their end. Seventy-two percent

of customers said they are not using more power than

they were five years ago, and half of homeowners said

their homes already are efficient.

In the days of vertically integrated monopolieswhen utilities still referred to customers by emotionally dis-tant names such as end users and end pointsutili-

ties neednt worry much about people and their money.

Customers didnt have choices, and utilities didnt need

to care about customers, their choices, their money or

how they felt. Power wasnt an emotional business.

Along with the push toward the smart grid and

the influx of smart meter data comes a shift in utility

focus. Today utilities must address customers and their

emotional choices, especially about money, because in

customers minds utilities are touching a lot of itin

some cases taking it, in some cases offering it back, but

always with their fingers in it. That makes for a nervous

end point.

COUNTERING EMOTIONS

A benefit of the numerous smart grid or smart meter-

ing pilot programs revving up across the U.S. and

Canada is all that dataconsumption data, especially.

With all that data and timely informationsometimes

down to 15-minute intervalscomes an opportu-

nity for utilities: changing the traditional flat-rate pricing

most work with to something dynamic that works flu-

idly with a demand-oriented cost structure.

But now utilities are touching peoples money, and

people take that personally. They get scared, weepy,

excited or mad about it, which can spell trouble.

You cannot fight an emotional argument with a logi-

cal one, said Suzanne Shelton, president and CEO of

the Shelton Group, an advertising agency focused on

sustainable choices.

She warned utility professionals March 15 at Elsters

Selling Consumers on Meters, MoneyBY KATHLEEN DAVIS, SENIOR EDITOR



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Customers said utilities are making things more effi-

cient on the utility side to benefit utilities and to take

more of their money. When utilities tell customers their

bills will be more accurate, customers hear, Were mak-

ing things so much easier for us to tack on fees and hide

costs. Customers trust utilities to save utilities money

through energy efficiency, but customers think utilities

are ripping off consumers on billing.

Shelton showed a video of a customer control group

that revealed distrust and anger, including a consumer

who said, You ask us to conserve, and we conserve, but

the bill keeps going up.

The utilitys rational response to that customer would

be that shes consuming more, not less. Shelton returned

to the emotional vs. rational argument. Consumers dont

take ownership of their consumption, she said.

REALIZING THE PROBLEM

While the utility industry plans on consumers being

better partners and on realizing the benefits of smart

metering, the smart grid and new pricing, consumers

arent gaga over the idea and might be the biggest hurdle.

It will be difficult to involve customers, said Accenture

consultant Rob Hartway during another conference ses-

sion on the smart grid vision of the future.

More regulation is coming, especially with rate pro-

grams, and utilities must know from where data is com-

ing and to where it is going, panelists said. What will

drive that final smart grid vision isnt about regulation,

the utilities, efficiency or the environment; its whether

consumers accept the smart grid and smart metering as

a good thing that saves them money.

One of the biggest pain points will be customer

acceptance, Hartway said. They will be our energy

partners.

The average consumer will require education and

will be the center of the smart grid argument for

years, he said.

Panelist Wes Sylvester works in smart grid business

development at Cisco.

Reaching all the consumers will be key, he said.

Hartway said customer communication will be espe-

cially central to rolling out time-of-use (TOU) and other

variable pricing programs. Without customer acceptance

that these programs are positive for them and their wal-

lets, utilities will have a hard time moving beyond flat-

rate pricing, despite having the data and mining options

to do so, he said.

STARTING FROM SCRATCH

One key to rolling out pricing programs will be initiat-

ing customer communication before the pricing concept

is even a gleam in the eye, before money evokes emotion.

Westar Energy, a utility serving 684,000 Kansas cus-

tomers, has regulated rates. It hasnt stopped them from

introducing a smart grid pilot called SmartStar in the

Lawrence area. Some 45,000 meters are slated for instal-

lation with completion in the fall. Its a $40 million pro-

gram, and the company sees potential benefits, including

a future TOU rate program. Now the company is focused

on gathering happy customers, said Kevin Heimiller,

Westar smart grid director.

Were taking a meaningful, yet cautious, approach,

Heimiller said. We need to gauge customer participation

and results or this project could be in trouble.

The full pilot program will be in place by summer

2012, complete with an online customer energy portal

to track use and cost. Westar started with communities

from the beginning, Heimiller said.

The utility pushed the program using positive, grass-

roots efforts: explaining projects before application,

updating local media, speaking regularly with the city

and organizations, being active in community events

(including a sidewalk sale, where they were the only

people not selling anything) and collaborating with

locals as much as possible.

Well go anywhere and talk to anyone, Heimiller

said.

The opinion of SmartStar was 64 percent positive, a

Westar survey revealed. The utility eventually will apply

that cautious, positive, consumer grassroots approach to

TOU rates.

TOU is a large room of opportunities, Heimiller said,

but we must engage the customer to make sure they like

what we do with that.

Dominion is another utility cautiously approaching

the pricing programs smart metering can offer, said

Mike Gurganus, Dominions manager of advanced



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metering solutions.

Dominion has 2.4 million electric customers in the

Central South, with a primarily residential and com-

mercial base. Dominion has three meter demo areas,

including a 7,000-meter program in Richmond, Va.,

a 50,000-meter program in Charlottesville, Va., and

another 35,000-meter program in northern Virginia

(near major Washington, D.C, suburbs).

The programs major benefit is about consumer cash.

Dominion is working to enhance pricing signals and is

examining flexible bill-pay options, making the emo-

tional side of cash positive.

Communications are key to buy in from stakehold-

ers, Gurganus said.

Dominion worked hard early to demystify smart

meters. Next includes a dynamic-rate pilot, which is

approved and is expected to be in place by late summer.

The goal is to test customers responses to dynamic-

pricing signals, he said.

We havent offered customers a whole lot yet,

Gurganus said. Were testing out options.

PRICING NOW

U.S.-based Salt River Project (SRP) and Canadian

distribution utility Veridian Connections are involved in

smart meter pricing programs. SRPs program is volun-

tary. Veridians is mandated by the Ontario government.

Kevin Myers, manager of wholesale settlements at

Veridian Connections, said Canada fosters a cult of con-

servation and money isnt as large of a factor as it might

be to the average U.S. consumer. In this case, Ontario is

trying to shift load from peak times. The price signals

arent so much about change in the cash sense but more

in the sense of saving energy for the right reason, he said.

Communication becomes more important when

change is forced, Myers said.

Veridian initiated much pre-program communication,

including mailers and door hangers. They often gave

customers explanations and directions to access online

price and data information. The communication effort

involved repetition at each stage.

The company even redesigned its first TOU bill so

the charge would grab customers attention.

As of March, the impact has been minimal, Myers said.

Veridian encountered neither angry customers nor many

complaints that overwhelmed its call center. Customers

who made no consumption changes saw only small cost

increases or decreases in a month. The utility has seen

no perceptible change in load shape, either. In addition,

less than 10 percent of Veridians eligible customers have

registered for the portal, and less than 1 percent accesses

that data monthly, he said.

We dont see people logging on to analyze their data

and consumption patterns, Myers said. Were a little

disappointed that we havent seen a lot of changes, but

change takes a long time to establish.

SRPs TOU pilot is one of the biggest in the country

with 630,000 installed smart meters in Arizona, said

Ritesh Patel, SRP advanced metering infrastructure

(AMI) manager. The project began in 2003 and expand-

ed in 2004 and 2009.

SRP customers must call and request to be added

in, unlike Veridians program. This reduces the

potential number of angry consumers because only

customers who are program-educated and program-

positive make the calls.

Some 20 percent of SRP customersabout

195,000participate in the TOU pilot, which

includes Web access to hourly data and e-notifica-

tions that can be sent to cell phones.

SRP has made things simple, communicating well

with customers via a link on its home page that

asks, Are you on the right price plan? From there,

customers can examine four options served side-by-

side with four or five bullet points each that explain

the TOU plan, the EZ-3 plan, the basic plan and the

M-Power plan.

Whether a utilitys pricing programs are real or the-

oretical, customer communication is a must for a suc-

cessful, emotionally positive choice for consumers.

As Shelton said, to get to that happy positive, utili-

ties must ask, When weve got smart meters totally

deployed, what will we have? What are consumers

getting?

If a utility can answer those questions positively for

consumers and show them the savings, the emotional

reaction of electricity consumers will be a positive one

that can benefit the smart grid and the industry.



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of water-tree retardant XLPE or TR-XLPE insulation

for underground (UG) power cables. The cables

that move power from wind turbines to the grid

on-shore or offare subject to the same mechanical

and environmental stresses as those experienced

in the grid. Conventional wisdom dictates that

TR-XLPE becomes the choice material for wind farm

35kV UG power distribution cables.

QUALITY MATERIALS MATTER

An essential part of long cable life and system

reliability is using quality, raw materials tested

to perform according to industry specifications.

Cable manufacturers look for materials that deliver

easy processing while producing the performance

The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) recently reported 22 percent growth in installed wind energy capacity worldwide during 2010. This repre-

sented a $65 billion investment in supporting equip-

ment and power distribution infrastructure.

To protect this investment, the balance between

total system cost and long-term system

reliability is crucial. If a wind farm developer,

independent power provider or utility

specifies quality cables made with the best

materials technology and manufactured

with exacting standards, the installation

can provide decades-long reliability with

little to no downtime for electrical losses

and expensive repairs. When it comes to

satisfying the demand for uninterrupted

power by ensuring system reliability, power

cable design and construction with validated

performance-based materials is critical.

A LITTLE HISTORY

As commercial wind farms have grown

as viable alternative energy resources during

the past 20 years, cross-linked polyethylene

(XLPE) has been recognized as the choice

material for medium-voltage power cable construction.

Its popularity for direct-buried and submarine cable

is predicated on quality, competitiveness and reduced

long-term operating costs.

As demonstrated in traditional power distribution

networks (see Figure 1), however, XLPE, although

superior to materials such as high-molecular-

weight polyethylene (HMWPE), has seen its share

of performance issues. That led to the development

Reliable, Long-life Power CableCrucial to Wind Energy Systems

BY S. RAM RAMACHANDRAN, DOW WIRE & CABLE


1

1,000

500

100

50

10

5

11,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 100,000 200,000

As seen in Long-life XLPE-insulated Power Cables edited by Harry Orton, of OrtonConsulting Engineers International, and Rick Hartlein, of National Electrical EnergyTesting Research and Application Center (NEETRAC)

Est

imate

d C

um

ula

tive

Num

ber

of

Failu

res

Estimated Cumulative Experience (km/yr)

HMWPEClassic XLPEAdditive W TR XLPW

Variable

FAILURE DATA FOR THREEGENERATIONS OF UG MV CABLE INSTALLED

AT TXU (ONCOR) IN TEXAS


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attributes end users expect. Flexibility, stress-crack

resistance and shield strippability are considerations

for easy installation. Once in the ground, cables

are subject to environmental stresses including

water intrusion and extreme temperature variations.

Corrosion kills cables and interrupts power

supply. It becomes increasingly important for cable

manufacturers, wind farm developers, installers,

utilities and others in the value chain to understand

the benefits quality materials bring to power cable

design and construction.

For many years, cable has been seen as a commodity.

The general feeling is that any standard utility cable

will operate fine in any system. Because of this

commodity mindset, cable often is purchased based

on price rather than its being a critical part of

an overall system investment. Shouldnt the cable

specified have a lifespan equal to the

system it supports? This is possible with

performance cable such as TR-XLPE vs.

base cable using standard XLPE (see Figure

2). As a case in point, Dow Wire & Cable

introduced its DOW Endurance MV 4202

TR-XLPE in 1983. Studies show that nearly

30 years later, buried cable made with this

material exhibits little to no wear and has

an expected lifespan of more than 40 years.

TECHNOLOGY, STANDARDS

Many raw materials suppliers and cable

makers serve the wind energy market.

Research and development at the front end

of the supply chain is important. Cable

makers, developers, IPPs and utilities

should ask about the kind of technology,

clean manufacturing and packaging

techniques, testing and validation that

goes into raw material production. Similarly, end

users should insist on specifying cable that has

gone through rigorous testing and meets at least

the current minimum performance standards set by

utilities. Trusting investment dollars to anything less

is risky.

Many testing institutes work with companies

and their customers to ensure that raw materials

and the cables produced with those materials meet

recognized national and international standards.

These organizations include: National Electric

Energy Testing Research and Applications Center

(NEETRAC), standards development agencies such

as the Association of Edison Illuminating Companies

(AEIC), Insulated Cable Engineers Association

(ICEA) and Cable Technology Laboratories (CTL).

In addition, cable makers are producing cables

that consistently exceed stringent, long-term testing

standards such as AWTT and ACLT in North America,

VDE Standards in Germany and DL/T-1070-2007

in China. These long-term testing methodologies

demonstrate a proven record of ensuring long-life,

reliable cable performance.

No exclusive standards exist for cable performance


2

LIFE CYCLE NET PRESENT VALUE(NPV) COMPARISON EXAMPLE

PERFORMANCE CABLE VS. BASE CABLE

40 35 30 25 20 15

Base Cable Life (Years)

NP

V/F

oo

t

453525

$10

$8

$6

$4

$2

$0

($2)

($4)

No exclusive standards exist

for cable performance

in the wind energy market.


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in the wind energy market. End users must insist on

cables that meet, or preferably exceed, the current

power industry minimum standards. Cables form a

small percentage of the total power system cost, and

polymeric materials represent an even smaller percent-

age. The renewable energy industry must take a broad

view to focus on the needed system reliability that rests

largely on excellent materials, quality cable-manufac-

turing processes and elevated performance standards.

IMPROVEMENTS AT UTILITIES

Utilities also are implementing practices that

include cable inspection, installation and operations.

Wisconsin Public Service (WPS) serves more than

400,000 electric customers in an 11,000-square-mile

area. As discussed in a joint white paper authored by

WPS and Dow Wire & Cable, the

utility has focused on cable reli-

ability for 30 years as a preventive

action to delay cable replacement.

Cable reliability is determined

by WPS based on strict mate-

rial specifications, a comprehen-

sive plan that monitors incoming

cable quality based on those spec-

ifications, and in training cable

installers. It all leads to effective

system management.

Similarly, as a way to provide

mutual value and insight, many

utilities conduct and share field

aging evaluations that provide

to materials suppliers and cable manufacturers a

broader view of cable and system performance vs.

depending solely on accelerated aging tests in a lab.

A joint evaluation conducted by Alabama Power and

NEETRAC confirm the robustness of TR-XLPE cables

made and installed in 1985 (see Figure 3). Results

indicate that cable life in excess of 40 years easily can

be projected.

ITS TIME TO WORK TOGETHER

For anything worth pursuing, it takes a community

of likeminded people to achieve success. Wind power

is not new; however, to go from the power needed to

turn a millstone to the power needed to light up and

connect communities efficiently and cost-effectively

is another story. Collaboration is essential. AWEA

and GWEC are helping as they provide gathering

places and information portals for all stakeholders. But

collaboration must exist in the trenches, as well, among

investors, developers, IPPs, utilities, equipment, cable

and material suppliers, etc., to realize the energy goals

that are legislated or soon will be.

Companies and their customers are working

together to develop, validate and adopt superior

products for cable construction and to enhance market

awareness about building power systems with the right

components used best to ensure optimum results for

the entire value chain.

And, at a fair price that recognizes the total system

cost, including the potential to specify quality cable

once rather than the additional expense of repair and

replacement over the systems lifetime.

S. Ram Ramachandran is global director of end-use marketing

for Dow Wire & Cable, a business unit of The Dow Chemical Co.

Ram and his team interface with global end users such as utilities,

communications groups, off-shore drillers and regulatory boards. He is

a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

(IEEE) and is chairman of the Power Cable Standards Discussion Group

of IEEE/Insulated Conductors Committee. He has eight patents and is

the author of more than 20 papers.


3PROVEN FIELD PERFORMANCE WISCONSINPUBLIC SERVICE-HISTORICAL CABLE DATA

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Water Trees in XLPE & TR-XLPE

(Dow 4202) Cables (>0.3 mm)

Wate

r Tr

ees

per

Cub

ic Inch

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Tree-retardant insulation

Nontree-retardant insulation

Years in Service Until Tested


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www.awea.org

Wind Power Works

for Electric UtilitiesNot only does wind power provide a clean source of electricity, it keeps

electric rates low and provide a hedge against fossil fuel price volatility

once wind projects come on-line. Wind energy costs have dropped

over the past few years as wind turbine technology has matured, with

taller towers, and with improved wind turbine efciency. Wind energy is

now one of the most cost-effective sources of new electricity generation,

competing with new installations of natural gas and costing less than

either coal or nuclear power. Thats one reason wind power has added

35% of all new generating capacity to the U.S. grid since 2007 thats

twice what coal and nuclear added combined.

JOIN US

for the 4th Annual Utilities and Wind Power Seminar

at the AWEA Wind Energy Fall Symposium,

November 2, 2011 in Carlsbad, California.

Attendees wont want to miss the

in-depth presentations and

interactive discussions on the

most important issues facing

electric utilities and wind power

implementation, providing insight

and topical information.

The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) is working with

electric utilities all over the U.S. to help them bring wind energy to

their customers as a source of emissions-free and domestically-

produced electricity but also as a source of clean energy jobs.

Learn more about AWEA membership for utilities and how your utility

can get involved directly in the wind energy industry.

Go to: www.awea.org/utility to learn more or send an e-mail to

[email protected] today !!



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into 2012 and beyond.

Cape Wind, which has secured power purchase

agreements for the first half of the facilitys future output,

hopes to begin building the 130 turbine wind farm late

this year. However, the developer is still trying to find

another buyer for the other half of the power.

GETTING SMART FROM THE START

In an effort to help the industry out, the Department

of the Interior launched the Smart from the Start

scheme last year to hasten project review and approval

times to 1-3 years from the more typical seven-year time

frame.

The program created an accelerated leasing process

to encourage more offshore wind development along the

Atlantic seaboard.

Charlie Natale, a consultant with ESS Group, said

Smart from the Start is substantially speeding up project

approvals, helping early offshore projects gain traction

in the U.S.

T he U.S. could see as many as 10 GW of offshore wind capacity installed by 2020. But it wont be easy, say industry experts.

There are some 5 GW in planning right now, but

who knows how much of this can be realized, said Dirk

Matthys, the North American chief executive of Spanish

turbine maker Gamesa. He said that growth will hinge

on how fast the government can streamline a new pro-

gram to approve projects.

Other hurdles such as local opposition and the need

for a new transmission network could also hinder prog-

ress, said Matthys.

Nevertheless, he believes it is possible to develop 5-10

GW in the U.S. within the next decade.

Washingtons incentive programs must also be

increased for longer-term planning, observers add.

There is a big lack of long-term incentives which you

need for project planning purposes, said Mark Rodgers,

communications director at Cape Wind, the company

trying to develop the countrys first offshore wind farm

off the coast of Massachusetts.

According to Rodgers, the government has a project

loan program and tax credit scheme in place for this

year. But its uncertain if these programs will be extended

Big Challenges Remain for

U.S. Offshore Wind

BY IVAN CASTANO, CONTRIBUTOR TO RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD.COM



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___________________


The program has enabled a string of projects from

Maine to North Carolina to more quickly move into

advanced stages of planning and permitting, with

projects in Road Island, Delaware and New Jersey

furthest along.

However, accelerated project approvals wont have a

major impact if the transmission infrastructure isnt able

to handle the wind farms. According to ESSs Natale, the

lack of transmission is the sectors greatest challenge.

The existing electricity transmission system doesnt

have the capacity to handle the additional and pulsating

energy that will come from the offshore projects, he

explained, adding that costly electromechanical equip-

ment will be needed to convert fluctuating voltage flows

so the landline system can absorb the electricity.

Natale expects the first offshore farms will be hooked

inland through a zonal approach in which different

facilities will connect through so-called collector plat-

forms. This is not an immediate solution, as platforms

like these are still being tested in Europe.

Right now the collector platforms are being deployed

by Siemens and ABB in the North Sea so they will need

to succeed there before they can be used in the U.S.,

he noted.

There are also plans for an Atlantic Wind Connection

(AWC) mega project that will provide a high-voltage

backbone from the Carolinas to New England. The net-

work will be connected to the sea bed and jump off at

two or three locations to feed into New England, New

Jersey, New York and Virginia. When finished, it will

have the capacity to deliver 6,000 MW of wind power to

the mid-Atlantic states.

But, as Natale pointed out, this initiative will be very

expensive and complicated and is seen as a long-term

solution to the sectors transmission woes.

IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY

Transmission and incentives arent the only factors that

need to improve; there is still plenty of room to advance

the technology as well.

According to Gamesas Matthys, the industry can still

do a lot to improve the efficiency and reliability of tur-

bines. Specifically, he said, generation costs must come

down to the Department of Energys recommended

12-13 cents per kWh in the near term, down from 20

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The Utility Weekly News Wrap Up

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Utility Weekly News Wrap Up, presenting up-to-date and

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cents today. Beyond that, developers must hit 10 cents

per kWh in the next decade.

Gamesa recently teamed with Northtrop Grumman

to build an offshore wind technology center and

develop next-generation wind systems. Under the

alliance, Gamesa will launch its first G11X-5 MW

offshore prototype in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of

2012. The Madrid-based firm also intends to work on

a 7 MW prototype, Matthys said.

Matthys boasted that Gamesas latest offshore tur-

bines are more reliable and can last up to 30 years

instead of 20 years like rival machines.

The generation costs of offshore projects need to

be lower, and the way to do this is to have a more

reliable project. Our turbines help meet this require-

ment, he explained.

If generation costs can be cut, offshore wind will

start to gain market share in the U.S., even with trans-

mission constraints. As Matthys explained, in some

cases the transmission problem isnt as big as it is for

onshore projects.

The big advantage of offshore is that it will be

very close to the main energy consumption mar-

kets [in the East coast] like New York, Philadelphia,

Washington, Baltimore etc, Matthys said. The big

onshore resources are in the mid west and you would

need to build big transmission lines to meet these

markets demand and this will also be expensive and

challenging.

However, even with some of this positive movement,

it will take many years for offshore wind to catch up to

the pace of onshore development in the U.S.

Ivan Castano is a freelance journalist based in Miami. His work has

appeared in Thomson Reuters International Finance Review (IFR), Dow

Jones Financial News, Euromoney, Trade & Forfaiting Review and a range of

trade publications covering the capital markets, private equity, loan, credit and

restructuring markets. This article originally appeared on Renewable Energy

World.com, a sister publication of POWERGRID International._________

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BY DON LEICK, TELVENT

Better Wind Power Integration

through More Accurate ForecastsWind power supply is an increasingly significant factor in energy utility operations and power portfolios. But because of the intermittent characteris-tics of wind, it can be a difficult energy source to integrate.

Utilities have traditionally

dealt with a controllable supply

source, such as coal, nuclear

and natural gas, which can be

dispatched in known units. Wind

power, in contrast, is variable.

Utilities have experience with

managing variable load, but

managing variable supply

is more challenging. This is

especially true because wind

power forecasts have a higher

rate of error than traditional load

forecasting, due to the highly

variable nature of wind.

Therefore, to successfully

integrate, utilities need the most

accurate wind power forecast

possible. Inaccurate wind

forecasts cost utilities significant

money through TSO imbalance

penalties, having to fill shortfalls

with spot market purchases or

accessing reserves. Too often,

utilities are playing it safe and

not utilizing the amount of wind

that is available to them, due

to the lack of confidence in the

forecasts. More accurate wind

power forecasts would enable

utilities to utilize more of the

forecasted available power at

lower risk, and even potentially

reduce spinning reserves costs.

Focusing not on wind, but on

wind power, is key. A forecast

system needs to learn the

patterns of the complex terrain

effects and turbine waking

effects that exist at all wind

plants. This forecasting approach

requires less observational data

than traditional wind power

forecasting methods. The training

needs to be done with power

datathe variable utilities really

need to predictnot observed

weather data. Meteorological

tower observations are not

needed for optimal forecasts.

This can be very beneficial, as

observed weather data is often

expensive to gather, is of poor

quality, or may simply not be

available at all.

We are at a critical stage in the

wind power industry: Utilities

must integrate valuable wind

power sources more efficiently

into their energy mix while

continuing to add larger and

larger amounts of it into their

portfolios. With a system that

provides a more accurate wind

power forecast, achieving these

objectives becomes much more

attainable for utilities.

Don Leick is senior energy product

manager at Telvent. Wind Power Forecasts by

WindLogics is delivered exclusively to utilities

by Telvent.


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in the substation and distribution

segments of the smart grid must

undergo changes to accommodate

this dramatic increase in data (see

Figure 1). First, it is easy to predict

that Internet protocol (IP) technol-

ogy is a key smart grid enabler

because it is standards-based,

flexible and scalable. Second, the

switches and routers deployed

throughout the infrastructure must

adapt to the increased data demands

by supporting greater throughput

and also by assisting in intelligent

Key smart grid components include remote control and automation, two-way communica-

tions and enhanced information

technology targeted to both utili-

ties and their customers. In addi-

tion to upgrading and hardening

the power utility infrastructure,

the smart grid is designed to help

consumers and power companies

make smarter decisions about how

they use power. That requires much

information and much data analysis.

The implications for infrastructure

providers are huge. As in other

information intensive markets

before smart grid, data creep is well

underway. According to a December

2010 SBI Energy study, The Smart

Grid Utility Data Market, the

volume of smart grid data moving

through the infrastructure network

will grow from 10,780 terabytes

(TB) in 2010 to more than 75,200

TB in 2015.

DATA INFLUX

It is clear that the infrastructure

Network Infrastructure Considerations for Smart Grid Strategies

BY JIM KRACHENFELS, GARRETTCOM, INC.


Synchrophasor

Fire Wall Control Center

Magnum 6KQ Managed FieldSwitch

Relays

VoltaicBatteries

Wind

Magnum DX940Wireless Router

Magnum 10KT Managed Switch

RTUs

IEDs 1588 Precision

Timing Required

Distribution Substation Information Infrastructure

47395672

Electric Co.

47395672

Electric Co.

47395

Pgi - May 2011

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