Pg tp-class16-worldwide temperature variations

Physical GeographyClass 16: Worldwide Temperature Patterns

Angle of Incidence

Latitude Season Time of day

Angle varies by:

What is the effect of cloud cover on temperature?

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%0%

1. Increases temp2. Decreases temp3. Increases temps

in day, but decreases them at night

4. Increases temps at night, but decreases them during day

What is the effect of solid particles on temperature?

What is the effect of particulates?

1 2

0%0%

1. Increases temperature

2. Decreases temperature

Atmospheric Obstruction (effect of clouds, gases, particulates)

Daylength

Latitudinal Radiation Balance

Then where does the “extra” heat from the tropics go?

If the net radiation balance on Earth = 0,….

Where does the heat from the Tropics go?

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. Into the earth2. Escapes into

space3. Hotter air rises in

troposphere4. Moves toward

poles5. All of above

Land and Water Contrasts

Which heats up quicker?

1 2

0%0%

1. Land 2. Water

Which cools down quicker?

1 2

0%0%

1. Land2. Water

Land heats quicker and cools quicker than

Water!!!!

Specific Heat

Which location will have a higher summer temperature?

1 2

0%0%

1. Wichita, Kansas2. San Francisco,

CA (same latitude)

Which location will be colder in winter?

1 2

0%0%

1. Wichita, Kansas2. San Francisco,

CA

Continentality vs. Marine Effect

Water has a moderating effect on temperature!

Inland vs. Coastal

Evaporation

Transparency

MovementAnd

Mixing

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Oceanic Circulation

Currents/ Sea Surface Temperatures

Warm Ocean Current

Gyres

Vertical Temperature Patterns

In the next slides, look at the color-coded isotherms (lines of equal temperature).

What patterns do you notice in the isotherms?

How do they change from January to July?

Seasonal Temperature Patterns

Seasonal Temperature Patterns

Generally, Isotherms run east to west Pulled northward in July, southward in January

Seasonal Changes to Isotherms

Generally, Isotherms run east to west Pulled northward in July, southward in January Areas covered by glaciers (Antarctica, Greenland) are cold all year round

Seasonal Changes to Isotherms

Generally, Isotherms run east to west Pulled northward in July, southward in January Areas covered by glaciers (Antarctica, Greenland)

are cold all year round In southern hemisphere, land other than Antarctica stays warmer in winter than land in northern hemisphere. Why?

Seasonal Changes to Isotherms

Generally, Isotherms run east to west Pulled northward in July, southward in January Areas covered by glaciers (Antarctica, Greenland) are cold all year

round In southern hemisphere, land other than Antarctica stays warmer

in winter than land in northern hemisphere. Why?

Hottest areas in summer are interiors of continents

Coldest areas in winter are interiors of continents

Seasonal Changes to Isotherms

Generally, Isotherms run east to west Pulled northward in July, southward in January Areas covered by glaciers (Antarctica, Greenland) are cold all year

round In southern hemisphere, land other than Antarctica stays warmer

in winter than land in northern hemisphere. Why? Hottest areas in summer are interiors of continents Coldest areas in winter are interiors of continents

Locations near the water (especially on windward side of continents) tend to be warmer in winter and cooler in summer

Seasonal Changes to Isotherms