P.G. Pelfer University of Florence and INFN, Firenze, Italy F. Dubecky Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava, Slovakia A.Owens ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk,Netherland Solar Neutrino Spectrometer with InP Detectors P.G.Pelfer SIENA2002
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P.G. Pelfer University of Florence and INFN, Firenze, Italy F. Dubecky
P.G.Pelfer SIENA2002. Solar Neutrino Spectrometer with InP Detectors. P.G. Pelfer University of Florence and INFN, Firenze, Italy F. Dubecky Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava, Slovakia A.Owens ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk,Netherland. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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P.G. PelferUniversity of Florence and INFN, Firenze, Italy
F. DubeckyInstitute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovakia
A.OwensESA/ESTEC
Noordwijk,Netherland
P.G. PelferUniversity of Florence and INFN, Firenze, Italy
F. DubeckyInstitute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovakia
A.OwensESA/ESTEC
Noordwijk,Netherland
Solar Neutrino Spectrometer with InP Detectors
Solar Neutrino Spectrometer with InP Detectors
P.G.Pelfer SIENA2002
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
Why InP Solar Neutrino Experiment ?Why InP Solar Neutrino Experiment ?
Semi Insulting InP Material
base material for:
Hard X-Ray Detectors
Fast Electronics and Optoelectronics
InP Spectrometer,
the Smallest, Real Time, Lower Energy
pp Solar Neutrino Spectrometer
The Solar Neutrino Spectrometer from/for R&D on InP X-Ray Detectors ?
Requirements for Hard X-Ray Detectors of the New GenerationRequirements for Hard X-Ray
Detectors of the New Generation
• Room temperature (RT) operation• Portability• Fast reaction rate• Universal detection ability• Good detection parameters: CCE, FWHM, DE• Radiation hardness• Well established material technology • Well established device technology (10 m)• FE Electronics and Optoelectronics
integration on the Detector
• LOW COST
RT OPERATION: EG > 1.2 eV POLARISATION EFFECT: EG < 2.5 eV HIGH ENERGY RESOLUTION: EG small HIGH STOPPING POWER: Z > 30 HIGH CARRIER MOBILITY: > 2000 cm2/Vs
CANDIDATES
CdTe, HgI2, GaAs, InP
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
P.G.Pelfer SIENA2002
• BASIC KNOWLEDGE
• Solar Neutrino Physics• X-ray astronomy
• X-ray physics
• MEDICINE• Digital X-ray radiology (stomatology, mammography, ...)
• Positron emission tomography• Dosimetry
• NONDESTRUCTIVE ON-LINE PROCESS CONTROL• Material defectoscopy
• MONITORING• Environmental control
• Radioactive waste management• Metrology (testing of radioactive sources, spectrometry...)
• NATIONAL SECURITY• Contraband inspections: cargo control
• Detection of drugs and plastic explosives • Cultural heritage study
DETECTOR APPLICATIONSDETECTOR APPLICATIONS
P.G.Pelfer SIENA2002
SemiInsulating InP Wafer6” 6” diameter, diameter, 1 mm1 mm thick
Pad Detectors
Basic Component ofNeutrino Spectrometer
Present InP Material and Detector TechnologyPresent InP Material and Detector Technology
Neutrino from the SunNeutrino from the Sun
ChlorineHomestakee + 37Cl 37Ar + e-
GalliumSAGE, Gallex, GNOe + 71Ga 71Ge + e-
WaterKamioka, SuperKx + e- x + e- (ES)
D2OSNOx + e- x + e- (ES)e + d p + p + e- (CC)x + d n + p + e- (NC)
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Requirements for Indium Solar Neutrino SpectrometerRequirements for Indium Solar Neutrino Spectrometer
1. Indium incorporated into the detector
2. Energy resolution ∆E/E of the order of 25% at 600 keV. Important for spectrometry as well as background reduction.
3. Time resolution of the order of 100 ns for ~ 100 keV radiations.
4. Position resolution ∆V/V 10-7 at a reasonable cost. Very important for background reduction
5. Good energy resolution for low energy radiations ( ~ 50 keV )
The detectors spatial response measured at HASYLAB using a 50 50 m2, 15 keV X-ray
beam.
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
InP Detector BESSY-II Measurements: Detection Efficiency vs Energy and Thickness
InP Detector BESSY-II Measurements: Detection Efficiency vs Energy and Thickness
Depletion depth derived from C/V measurements = 170 mEfficiency measured relative to a calibrated Ge(HP) detectorFitted depth from efficiency measurements = (191 40) m
E=2.4 keV at 5.9 keV : 8.5 keV at 59.54 keV E=0.9 keV at 5.9 keV : 2.5 keV at 59.54 keV
ST=10sST=2s
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
Present Radiation Detectors based on Bulk SI InP Fe doped have very good Detection Parameters
for the X ray Detection
from HASYLAB SR FaciltyFWHM from 2.5 KeV at 5.9 KeV to 5.5 KeV at 100 KeV
DE 10% at 100 KeV for 200 m thick Detector
dueto Better Material from Japan Energyand to Improved Interface Technology
Some Problems for Detector Polarisation
Detectors performance good for Solar Neutrino Spectrometer
Optimisation is our next research goal
Summary and DiscussionSummary and Discussion
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P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
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InP and In-Liquid Scintillator
pp Solar Neutrino Detector
InP DETECTROR In-Liquid Scintillator DETECTOR
Radiation Damage Studies by 10 MeV Proton Beam Radiation Damage Studies by 10 MeV Proton Beam
Tests carried out at the accelerator facility of the Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, The incident beam energy was 10 MeV. Irradiations were carried out at room temperature and unbiased.
Bottom line: Si energy resolution degraded by a factor of 6 for a proton fluence of 8 x 1010 protons cm-2 (=60 krad), whereas InP degraded by only 20% for fluence of 1.6 x 1011 protons cm-2 (however the initial resolution was much worse).
1- , ee, hh :high mobility, long carrier lifetime and high product mobiliiy lifetime
2-material homogeneity in term of purity, stoichiometry, absence of structural defects.
Highly uniform material critical for fabrication of thick X-Rays detectors.
3-high resistivity generally required (107 cm) , high breakdown voltage, low dark
current
Epitaxial Materials not examined
P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
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P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
Pad and Double Side Strip Detector ArrayPad and Double Side Strip Detector Array
PAMELA EMCal Si Microstrips Layers
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P.G.Pelfer , SIENA2002
NeutronSpectrography
NeutronSpectrography
•Possible room temperature operation
•High stopping power
•Electron mobilities 3 times that of Si
•Possible neutrino detection medium
•Epitaxial and bulk growth available
•Standard semiconductor processing
Indium phosphide X-ray detectors
Beam pipe
To mono/focusing optics
Optical bench
Beamline set-up
slits
Beam profile ~20 20 m2, E/E > 104
Synchrotron radiation measurementsHASYLAB X-1 and BESSY-II WLS beamlines. Energy range 10 keV to 100 keV
detector
XY stage
Radiation damage studies: experimental
Tests carried out at the accelerator facility of the Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki using an IBA Cyclone 10/5, proton cyclotron, The incident beam energy was 10 MeV. Irradiations were carried out at room temperature and unbiased. Devices were tested using 55Fe, 109Cd and 241Am radioactive sources, with initial and final characterizations at HASYLAB
Bottom line: Si energy resolution degraded by a factor of 6 for a proton fluence of 8 x 1010 protons cm-2 (=60 krad), whereas InP degraded by only 20% for fluence of 1.6 x 1011 protons cm-2 (120 krads Si equivalent), however the initial resolution was much worse.