PEVs: The Smart Grid Killer App - gridwiseac.orgPEVs: The Smart Grid Killer App Chris Chen San Diego Gas & Electric ... Interoperability required between the vehicle/EVSE and utility

PEVs: The Smart Grid Killer App

Chris ChenSan Diego Gas & Electric

Grid-Interop 2010

Why Do PEVs Need to Integrate with the Grid?

• Charging– Smart Charging based on grid conditions and client

preferences– Utility awareness, management, and control

• Billing/Transaction Settlement• Billing/Transaction Settlement– Waxman-Markey– LCFS– Multiple charging networks

• PEVs as grid accessible storage (V2G)• PEVs as ancillary services

Grid-Interop 2010

Potential Impacts on the Grid

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

Worst Case PEV Load200 MW

MW

Example Summer Daily Load ProfileExample Summer Daily Load Profile

System & PEV charging load profile are for illustrative purposes only, and not intended for forecasting.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Noon

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Midnight

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Midnight

Best Case PEV Load200 MW

On-peakOff-peak Off-peakSuper Off-peak

MW

Grid-Interop 2010

Distribution Impacts are Immediate Concern

Interoperability required between the vehicle/EVSE and utility from day 1. Grid-Interop 2010

What Influences Charging Times?

AM PM

•• Price?Price?

Will greater TOU price variations drive more Will greater TOU price variations drive more charging activity to offcharging activity to off--peak periods?peak periods?

•• Technology & Information?Technology & Information?

Will enabling technology help drive charging Will enabling technology help drive charging activity to offactivity to off--peak? peak? activity to offactivity to off--peak? peak?

Why? (convenience, $ savings)Why? (convenience, $ savings)

•• Do Travel Do Travel Needs and Lifestyle Needs and Lifestyle Rule?Rule?

Will daily travel needs trump the impact of TOU Will daily travel needs trump the impact of TOU pricing? pricing?

Does Lifestyle make TOU pricing irrelevant?Does Lifestyle make TOU pricing irrelevant?

Grid-Interop 2010

PEV Experimental Rates – SummerCe

nts p

er k

Wh

30

35

40

Cent

s per

kW

h

On-peak Off-peak Super Off-peak

0

5

10

15

20

25

EV-TOU Rate 2 Rate 3

Grid-Interop 2010

Smart Charging Issues• Too many unknowns to create long-term architecture

– Where and how will people charge?– Technology– Business processes (direct control vs DR vs rates, etc.)– Regulation (role of utilities, regulation of third parties,

etc.)etc.)– Multiple control authorities (utility/consumer/vehicle)

Grid-Interop 2010

Potential Utility Architectural Principles

• Load is load– No distinction between PEVs vs. Air Conditioners vs.

Pool Pumps, etc.

• No direct utility control of customer-owned equipment on customer premises.equipment on customer premises.

• Substation most effective local control point given computing and security requirements.

Grid-Interop 2010

EMS

Preferences

InternetPowerMeter)

ApplicationCloud(e.g.

PowerMeter)

Utility

Transformer loading and temp

Gridcom

m

Smart Charging ArchitectureData and Communication Interfaces

Preferences

Internet

PLC

Smart Transformer

EVSE

Grid-Interop 2010

Harmonizing Standards Efforts• SAE J1772, J2293, J2836, J2847, 2931

– Physical power connection and quality– Communication/messaging between vehicle and grid– IEC maps closely to SAE

• NIST PAP 11 - Common Object Models and connectors for Electric Transportation – Scheduled to be complete 9/2011

• IEEE P2030.1 – Electric-sourced Transportation • IEEE P2030.1 – Electric-sourced Transportation Infrastructure– Began as P1809 and moved under the SmartGrid effort in

August, 2010– IEEE began after the SAE and NIST efforts and is working to

fill any gaps identified• Smart Energy Profile 2.0 – Application standard for HAN

communications

Grid-Interop 2010

Information Needs• Control System (Vehicle/EVSE/EMS)

– Electricity Pricing– Demand Response signals– Consumer preferences– Battery SOC– Charger/vehicle status – Charger/vehicle status

• Fault indications• Connector lock status• Ready/not ready

– Voltage current requests/limits

Grid-Interop 2010

Information Needs• Utility

– Vehicle type/ID– Consumption data– Battery SOC– Consumer preferences– Charge schedule– Charge schedule– Charge session start and stop– Grid (transformer) condition

Grid-Interop 2010

Information Needs• Charge Station Network Operator

– Billing information– Consumption data– Battery SOC– Consumer preferences– Charge schedule– Charge schedule– Charge session start and stop

Grid-Interop 2010

Business Model Issues• Public Infrastructure

– Square peg in round, and very small, hole?– Lack of sustainable business models

• Utility role– Regulatory models and agendas– Infrastructure ownership– Infrastructure ownership– Allocating infrastructure costs

• Payment/Settlement Requirements– LCFS– Road taxes– “Bill to home”

Grid-Interop 2010