CONSTRUCTII METALICE Proiectare Norma Petrom OMV J 2201 STEEL STRUCTURES Structure Petrom OMV Standard J 2201 Elaborat / Compiled: Ciobanu Daniela Verificat / Checked: Decusara Felicia Rev:1/18.04.2007 Eng: 1/18.04.2007 Aprobat / Approved: Jeffrey Rinker Divizia Rafinare Petrom OMV isi rezerva toate drepturile asupra acestei documentatii si va da in judecata pe orice persoana neautorizata sa o utilizeze sau sa o transmita la terti Petrom OMV Refining Division reserves all its rights to these documents and will take legal action against anyone using them or passing them on without authorization. Aceasta norma a fost elaborata pentru rafinariile Petrom prin prelucrarea si adaptarea Normei OMV J2201 revizie 1mai 2001 This norm was elaborated for Petrom refineries by the processing and adapting of norm OMV J2201 revision 1May 2001 Capitol Cuprins Nr pagina 1.0 INFORMATII GENERALE 2 1.1 Domeniu de validitate 2 1.2 Norme si proceduri 2 1.3 Baze de executie 2 2.0 MATERIALE 2 3.0 EXECUTARE 3 3.1 Ancorare in fundatie 3 3.2 Racorduri constructive 3 3.3 Platforme, pasarele si podeste 4 3.4 Trepte 8 3.5 Scari 8 3.6 Balustrade 9 3.7 Siguranta la coborire 10 3.8 Macarale, carucioare de macara si brate mobile 10 Anexa 1 Norme si proceduri 12 Point Content Page 1.0 GENERAL 2 1.1 Scope 2 1.2 Standards and Regulations 2 1.3 Construction Principles 2 2.0 MATERIALS 2 3.0 CONSTRUCTION 3 3.1 Anchoring in the foundations 3 3.2 Structural connections 3 3.3 Platforms, Footbridges and Landings 4 3.4 Steps 8 3.5 Ladders 8 3.6 Railings 9 3.7 Descent and fall protection 10 3.8 Cranes, crane trolleys and swivel arms10 Annex 1 – Standards and regulations 12
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CONSTRUCTII METALICE Proiectare
Norma Petrom OMV
J 2201
STEEL STRUCTURES Structure
Petrom OMV Standard
J 2201
Elaborat / Compiled:
Ciobanu Daniela
Verificat / Checked:
Decusara Felicia
Rev:1/18.04.2007
Eng: 1/18.04.2007
Aprobat / Approved:
Jeffrey Rinker
Divizia Rafinare Petrom OMV isi rezerva toate drepturile asupra acestei documentatii si va da in judecata pe orice persoana neautorizata sa o utilizeze sau sa o transmita la terti
Petrom OMV Refining Division reserves all its rights to these documents and will take legal action against anyone using them or passing them on without authorization.
Aceasta norma a fost elaborata pentru rafinariile Petrom prin prelucrarea si adaptarea Normei OMV J2201 revizie 1mai 2001 This norm was elaborated for Petrom refineries by the processing and adapting of norm OMV J2201 revision 1May 2001 Capitol Cuprins Nr pagina 1.0 INFORMATII GENERALE 2 1.1 Domeniu de validitate 2 1.2 Norme si proceduri 2 1.3 Baze de executie 2 2.0 MATERIALE 2 3.0 EXECUTARE 3 3.1 Ancorare in fundatie 3 3.2 Racorduri constructive 3 3.3 Platforme, pasarele si podeste 4 3.4 Trepte 8 3.5 Scari 8 3.6 Balustrade 9 3.7 Siguranta la coborire 10 3.8 Macarale, carucioare de macara si brate mobile 10 Anexa 1 Norme si proceduri 12
Point Content Page 1.0 GENERAL 2 1.1 Scope 2 1.2 Standards and Regulations 2 1.3 Construction Principles 2 2.0 MATERIALS 2 3.0 CONSTRUCTION 3 3.1 Anchoring in the foundations 3 3.2 Structural connections 3 3.3 Platforms, Footbridges and Landings 4 3.4 Steps 8 3.5 Ladders 8 3.6 Railings 9 3.7 Descent and fall protection 10 3.8 Cranes, crane trolleys and swivel arms 10 Annex 1 – Standards and regulations 12
1.1 Domeniu de valabilitate Aceasta norma este valabila in cadrul PETROM / OMV si furnizeaza informatiile necesare pentru proiectarea constructiilor metalice, precum structuri metalice pentru instalatii, estacade pentru tevi, platforme, scari, etc.
Pentru montarea scheletelor metalice , hale, recipienti, si rezervoare aceasa norma este valabila numai pentru partile de constructie adiacente (platforme, trepte, scari si balustrade, suporti pentru tevi, etc.) .
1.2 Norme si proceduri
Impreuna cu prezenta norma se vor respecta dispozitiile, normele si directivele valabile in Romania, in varianta lor aflata in vigoare, care sunt mentionate in Anexa 1.
Nu consideram enumerarea noastra ca fiind una completa.
Daca intre diferitele dispozitii, reglementari, norme si directive apar diferente sau contradictii, iar aspectele respective nu sunt in mod expres clarificate prin prezenta norma, se va aplica reglementarea cu formularea cea mai restrictiva.
In cazul in care prevederile se exclud reciproc, atunci se va aplica reglementarea prevazuta de legislatia din Romania.
Intra in responsabilitatea executantului sa verifice daca prevederile prezentei norme sunt adecvate scopului lucrarii respective. Aplicarea normei nu il degreveaza pe executant de raspunderea pe care o are in calitate de antreprenor profesionist si responsabil.
Daca executantul are obiectii cu privire la una dintre prevederile stabilite, el il va informa imediat in scris pe angajator despre acest lucru.
1.3 Baze de executie
Conform normei PETROM / OMV J 1001, punctul 1.3
2.0 Materiale
Conform normei PETROM / OMV J 1001, punctul 2.0
1.0 General
1.1 Scope This standard applies within PETROM/OMV and supplies all necessary information for the implementation of steel structures such as, e.g., apparatus scaffolding, pipe bridges, platforms, ladders, etc.
For building steel skeletal structures, halls, containers and tanks, this standard is exclusively valid for the construction components connected to them (platforms, steps, ladders and railings, pipeline supports, etc.).
1.2 Standards and Regulations
In conjunction with this Standard, the respective specifications, standards and directives legally applicable in Romania and stated in Annex 1 should be taken into account in their currently valid form.
This listing is not claimed to be complete.
In the event of differences or conflicts arising between the various specifications, standards and regulations and where there is no firm definition provided by this standard, the strictest formulation is to be applied in each case.
Where they are mutually exclusive, the Romanian statutory regulations will apply.
The contractor will be responsible for checking the appropriateness of this standard for the intended purpose. The application does not relieve the contractor of his responsibility as specialist and independent entrepreneur.
If the contractor has reservations concerning an agreed definition, he must notify the client of this in writing without delay.
Suruburile de ancorare fac parte in mod normal din pachetul de livrare al producatorului fundatiei.
O livrare de catre producatorul constructiei metalice poate fi stabilita prin comanda
Dimensionarea suruburilor de ancorare are loc conform intelegerilor incheiate pe baza normelor PETROM / OMV J 1001, punctul 1.3 (de regula in timpul executarii calculelor statice pentru fundatie) si va fi verificata de catre prestatorul de servicii in cursul calculelor statice pentru constructia metalice.
Pentru simplificarea montarii, racordurilor placile de suport vor fi executate cu perforatii supradimensionate.
Suruburile cu un diametru mai mic de M 20 nu vor fi folosite, cu exceptia fixarii treptelor, a scarilor, etc.
3.1.2 Ancore chimice si suruburi din beton
vezi anexa 2, fig. 3 pentru fixarea treptelor, a postamentelor usoare si a constructiilor de suport usoare pe fundatie.
3.1.3 Placi de ancorare(Fixarea pe constructii din beton)
vezi anexa 2, fig. 4
Placile de ancorare fac parte din pachetul de livrare a constructiilor de beton.
Dimensiunile pentru marimea si grosimea placilor de ancorare, numarul, lungimea si diametrul precum si latimea imbinarilor sudate pentru otelul de ancorare din beton, vor fi preluate din calculul static pentru constructii de beton, respectiv din planul de baza al constructiei.
Pe planul de baza al constructiei metalice va fi marcata axa mediana, precum si axa superioara a placii de ancorare din schita fundatiei.
3.2 Racorduri constructive
Legaturile din fabrica vor fi executate in functie de eficienta costurilor totale pentru comanda, si vor fi de preferinta sudate.
3.0 Construction
3.1 Anchoring in the foundations
3.1.1 Anchor bolts
see Annex 2, Fig. 1 see Annex 2, Fig. 2
The anchor bolts are generally supplied by the foundation manufacturer.
However, delivery by the steel construction manufacturer can be agreed upon on request.
The dimensioning of anchor bolts is according to the agreement made in Petrom OMV Standard J 1001, Pt. 1.3 (as a rule, as part of generating the foundation static calculations) and must be checked by the contractor when generating the steel construction static calculations.
To simplify the support assembly, the base plates are provided with overlarge holes.
Anchor bolts with a diameter less than M 20 must not be used, except for fixing steps, ladders, etc.
3.1.2 Adhesive anchors and masonry bolts
see Annex 2, Fig. 3
For fixing steps, light plinths and light support constructions on foundations.
3.1.3 Anchor plates (connections to concrete structure)
see Annex 2, Fig. 4
The anchor plates are part of the concrete structure supply.
The size and thickness of the anchor plate, the number, length and diameter (and the weld bead thickness) of the anchoring iron in the concrete, are be taken from the static calculations for concrete or steel structures – guidance drawing.
On the steel structure drawing, the centre-line and the top edge of the anchor plate is taken from the foundation drawings.
3.2 Structural connections
Workshop connections must be implemented in agreement with the total economic cost planning for the project, preferably in welded form.
Imbinarile de montare vor fi de regula realizate prin suruburi.
Imbinarile sudate pe santier vor fi pastrate la un numar minim.
In zonele cu mai mult de 5 % deformare al rece (de exemplu tesirea) sudura nu este acceptabila.
Legaturile de preluare momente sau legaturile principale (ex. colturile cadrelor etc. ) vor fi realizate prin sudura sau cu suruburi numai de inalta calitate (suruburi HV ).
Nodurile sau colierele vor fi realizate cu cel putin 2 suruburi M 12, daca nu este prevazuta nici o alta specificatie din calculele statice.
Legaturile cu mai multe suruburi si transferul momentelor mari de torsiune (colturi de cadru, racorduri de presiune etc.) vor fi executate conform EN 20 286 cu pasuire. Imbinarile cu suruburi cu cap ingropat vor fi realizate numai prin folosirea a 75 % a tensiunii admise, in functie de grosimea tablei si numai pentru constructiile usoare.
Pentru pozitionarea niturilor si a suruburilor, normele SR EN sunt obligatorii.
In cazul constructiilor solicitate dinamic gaurile vor fi debavurate.
In flansete portante supuse la presiune, respectiv tractiune, gaurile de suruburi vor fi prevazute cu joc suficient fata de diametrul suruburilor ( diametrul minim al gaurii = diametrul surubului + 1 mm)
3.3 Platforme, pasarele si podeste
3.3.1 Impartire
Platforme: Acestea vor fi montate pentru accesul la toate echipamentele de operare si de verificare ale instalatiei si a unor parti ale instalatiei, dar servesc si ca suprafete de depozitare si de lucru in cazul lucrarilor de revizie. Platformele si recipientii vor fi ordonate astfel incit sa poata avea loc lucrari de reparatie fara montarea unor schele complicate sau a unor ansambluri suspendate. Sarcina la treceri:5,0 kN/m2 anexa 2, fig. 5 Pasarele Vor fi prevazute ca trasee de evacuare respectiv de acces pentru cea mai scurta distanta intre platforme, montate la aceeasi inaltime. In plus, functie de necesarul pentru inspectie, lucrari de mentenanta si de operare a
Assembly connections are generally provided as bolted connections.
Welding connections on the construction site must be kept to the minimum.
At locations with more than 5 % cold deformation (e.g. bevelling), welding is forbidden.
Moment – and main joints (e.g. frame corners etc.) must be implemented as welded joints, or only using high grade bolts (HV – bolts).
Nodes and braces, unless stipulated otherwise statically, must be fixed with minimum of 2 M 12 bolts.
Joints with several bolts and considerable bending moment transfer (frame corners, pressure column splices etc.), must be implemented in compliance with adjustment acc. to STANDARD EN 20 286.
Countersunk bolt joints must be used only under utilisation of 75% of the permissible tension, depending on the plate thickness, and only on light structures.
For the arrangement of rivets and bolts, the SR EN standards are binding.
For dynamically loaded constructions, the holes must be drilled and de-burred.
In pressure and tensile loaded carrier flanges, the screw holes must be drilled leaving enough space with respect to the screw diameter (min. hole diameter = screw shaft diameter +1mm )
3.3 Platforms, Footbridges and Landings
3.3.1 Sub-division
Platforms: Must be set up for access to all operating and inspection facilities of equipment and plant parts, as well as bearing and operating surfaces during inspection work. Platforms and equipment must be arranged in such a way that repairs can be carried out without installation of extensive scaffolds or suspensions. Traverse load: 5.0 kN/m2 Annex 2, Fig. 5
Footbridges: Must be arranged as escape or traverse routes for shortest connection of platforms and at same height. Moreover, footbridges must be provided if required for the inspection, maintenance and operation of
ventilelor, pistoanelor etc. vor fi comandate punti.
Sarcina la treceri5,0 kN/m2 anexa 2, fig. 6
Podete si platforme rotunde:
Vor fi prevazute in caz de trafic redus pentru inspectie, mentenanta si operarea ventilelor, pistoanelor sau a instalatiilor de masurare si reglare.
Podetele vor fi montate de regula la recipientii sau platformele care duc la parti mai indepartate ale instalatiei, fiind concepute la dimensiunile minime posibile si accesibile prin scari.
Ordinea consolelor pe platforma va fi selectata in planul de baza prin impartirea in grade, in functie de cerintele de proiectare.
Gradele indicate in planul de baza se refera la centrul (linia simetrica) a tablelor consola de racord la recipient.
Indicatiile statice pentru racordurile consolelor privind sarcina, momentul, forta transversala, vor fi comunicate de catre responsabilul de proiect PETROM / OMV.
Consolele vor fi executate si livrate conform planificarii prezentate in norma PETROM/OMV J 1001 la punctul 1 si prevederilor din comanda.
Racordurile insurubate pentru console fac parte din pachetul de livrare a furnizorului constructiei metalice si vor fi dimensionate functie de sarcina.
Consolele racordate la corpul recipientului sunt in pachetul de livrare al producatorului recipientului. certificatele de stabilitate si documentatia pentru cordoanele de sudura vor fi tot in sarcina acestuia.
Console de platforma: anexa 2,F fig.9 si Fig. 10
3.3.3 Elementele de platforma
Gratare cu zabrele: Zabrele zincate sudate prin presiune cu bare portante METALICE plat si tije torsadate precum si incastrarea din toate partile a gratarului. Executare si montare
valves, dampers.
Traverse load: 5.0 kN/m2 Annex 2, Fig. 6
Landings and round platforms:
Must be provided for the inspection, maintenance and operation of valves, dampers or measuring and control equipment with low traverse frequency.
Landings are mostly provided on equipment or from platforms to opposite plant parts, and must be accessible with minimum size concepts and by ladders.
The provision of platform consoles must be selected in the main drawing by means of gradation according to the structural specifications.
The gradations specified in the main drawing refer to the centre (symmetry line) of the console – connecting plate on the tank.
The static details of the console joints for load, moment and radial force must be provided by the PETROM/ OMV project manager.
The console must be produced and delivered according to the plan described in the PETROM/ OMV Standard J 1001 under Point 1.
The consoles - bolted joints are included in the scope of delivery of the steel structure manufacturer and must be recalculated according to the stipulated loads.
The consoles – connection plates are included in the scope of delivery of the equipment manufacturer, the stability and welding seam verifications on the equipment must be handled by the equipment manufacturer.
Platform consoles: Annex 2, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10
3.3.3 Platform coatings
Grids: Galvanised welded press floor grids with support bars made of flat steel and twisted compound rods as well as rust enclosure on all sides. Implementation and execution according
Materialul pentru invelisul platformei impreuna cu accesoriile, conform normei PETROM / OMV J 1001 Protectia anti corosiva : Zincare la cald conform EN 4015
Valoare medie 85µm
Valoare unica :70µm
Este valabil pentru gratare cu zabrele, clame de prindere, bride de incastrare si de inconjurare, tije si alte accesorii.
Suruburi, garnituri si piulite: zincate la cald conform SR EN ISO 10684
Grosime minima a stratului : 40 µm
Detalii de constructie pentru gratarele cu zabrele:
Latime, Distanta fata de margine vezi anexa 2, Fig. 11
Anexa 2, Fig. 11
Lungimea, latimea si orientarea barelor portante, precum si inaltima si distanta intre bare vor fi stabilite conform calculelor prestatorului in funtie de sarcina indicata.
Barele interpuse vor fi ordonate conform datelor de sarcina pentru dimensioanre cerintelor de stabilitate a distributiei gratarelor.
Distanta maxima intre bare: 30 x 42 mm
Marimea maxima a gratarului: 1,50 m2
Deviere maxima a masurilor exterioare: 0 -4mm
Grosimea minima a suportului: 30 mm
Gratarele cu zabrele de forma patrate nu sunt acceptate (cu exceptia fixarii pe tot conturul).
Fixarea gratarelor de zabrele
Fixarea va fi executata cu cel putin 4 clame de prindere pentru fiecare gratar (suruburi si piulite cu capete hexagonale).
Pentru marginile gratarului cu zabrele, care nu sunt fixate pe una din cele patru parti in fusta suport bordura (iesiri pentru scari in cazul platformelor etc.) vor fi montate in plus fata de clamele de prindre si bolturi sau benzi metalice plat pe partea inferiara a constructiei, pentru a evita o deplasare a cimpurilor de margine in cazul unor clame slabite
to SR EN ISO 14122
Material for platform coating incl. accessories according to PETROM/ OMV Standard J 1001 Corrosion protection: Hot dip galvanising acc. to EN 4015
Average value: 85 µm
Individual value: 70 µm
Applies for grids, step treads, retaining clamps enclosure grooves, rungs and accessories.
Bolts, washers and nuts: Hot dip galvanising acc. to SR EN ISO 10684
Minimum coating thickness: 40 µm
Design details for grids:
Support width, border separation see annex 2, Fig 11
Annex 2, Fig. 11
Length, width and direction of support rod, as well as height, mesh size as calculated by the contractor, according to the specified traverse loads.
Intermediate rungs must be provided in sizes according to the useful load specifications as required by the support stability of the grid mesh.
Maximum mesh size: 30 x 42 mm
Maximum floor grid size: 1.50 m2
Maximum deviation of outer dimensions: 0 - 4mm
Minimum support width: 30 mm
Grids with square dimensions are not allowed (except for support on all sides.)
Fixing the grids
The grids must be fixed using at least four retaining clamps per grid. (bolts and nuts with hexagon head)
In grid end panels that have no groove enclosure in one of the four sides (stair head for platforms etc.,) must also be fixed to the retaining clamps with bolts or flat steel bars on the sub-construction in order to prevent the end panels from slipping if the clamps work loose.
Sudarea gratarelor cu zabrele de constructia portanta nu este admisa.
Borduri: Executare din cornier
Selectia profilelor se va face in functie de grosimea gratarului in asa fel, incit marginea de sus a gratarului si marginea de sus a bordurii sa fie montate la aceeasi inaltime. (Suporti) anexa 2, Fig. 12
Borduri cu / fara bara suport :
Anexa 2, Fig. 12
Decupaje in gratarul cu zabrele
Detalii de constructie privind decupajele: Anexa 2, Fig. 13
Pentru decupaje prin gratarul cu zabrele vor fi realizate in asa fel incat conductele si /sau obiectele care il strapung sa ramina demontabile.
Decupajele vor fi deci efectuate in principiu prin impartirea gratarelor in functie de sarcina suportata de gratar (schimbarea constructiva a constructiei subordonate).
Decupajele vor fi prevazute cu intarire pentru margini. Pentru spatii libere de mai mult de 40 mm intaririle de margine vor fi prevazute cu borduri proeminente: Anexa 2, Fig. 12
Platforme si pasarele de trecere
In cazul unor platforme invecinate sau a unor suporturi pentru platforme separate datorita indicatiilor constructive, trecerile vor fi realizate la acelati nivel, fara trepte prin tabla de legatura
Tabla de legatura ( dotare standard ) Anexa 2, Fig. 14 si Fig. 15
Gratarul cu zabrele – Trepte]
Anexa 2, Fig. 16 si Fig. 17
Executare conform SR EN ISO 14122 din bare portante si torsadate cu incadrare si intarire a marginii, bordura de pasire cu strat suplimentar impotriva alunecarii.
Protectia anticorosiva este aceeasi ca si in cazul gratarelor cu zabrele. Lungime : deschiderea treptelor conform dimensiunilor indicate in desen
Latime : 270 - 300 mm
Sarcina max. admisa : 5,0 kN / m2
Flambaj : max. 1 /400 a latimii
Nu sunt admise decupajele din treptele scarilor
It is not permitted to weld grids onto the supporting structure.
Frames: Made of profiled steel
The profile must be selected according to the grid thickness in such a way that the upper grid edge and the frame upper edge are at same height (Supports) annex 2, fig.12.
Frames with / without foot-rails
Annex 2, Fig. 12
Cutouts in grids
Design details for cutouts: Annex 2, Fig. 13
Cutouts in grid coatings must be implemented in such a way that the crossing lines and/or objects remain removeable.
Cutouts must be produced according to the division of the grid by considering the supporting capability of the grid (structural replacement of substructure)
Cutouts are to be provided with edge frames. With clearances more than 40 mm, the edge frames must be folded upwards. Annex 2, Fig. 12
Platform joints and crossovers
For adjacent platforms or platform coatings with structural separation from structural specifications, the crossovers must be made infinitely variable and at same height by means of sliding plates.
Detalii de constructie pentru trepte: Anexa 2, Fig.16 si Fig. 17
Pentru unirea unor platforme de la nivele diferite, in cazul drumurilor de acces principale, in conditii de functionare normale, precum si in cazul unor cerinte de siguranta sau de tehnica a muncii (necesarul pentru cai de evacuare, scari agatate etc.), vor fi pastrate inaltimi egale intre trepte.
In cazul unor instalatii mai mari vor fi montate trepte de la nivelul de baza al instalatiei pina la nivelul de operare.
In cazul unor constructii metalice pentru instalatii vor fi comandate constructii de trepte continue (scara agatata).
Latime: Conform indicatiilor planului de baza
Latimea minima pentru caile de evacuare va respecta prevederile ordonantei de protectie a muncii dar minim:
Latime minima a pasajului:270 mm
Inaltime maxima a pasajului:180 mm
Numarul maxim de pasaje:20 trepte
In cazul unui numar mai mare de trepte (scara agatata, etc.) se va respecta inaltimea stabilita pentru o trepta, in toate constructiile de trepte.
Pozitionarea podetelor de operare este stabilita in functie de acest aspect. Inclinatie maxima fata de planul orizontal: 35 ° Sarcina : 5,0 kN / m2
3.5 Scari
Detalii de constructie pentru scari: Aexa 2, Fig. 18 Pentru unirea platformelor, a puntilor si/sau a postamentelor pentru aparate montate vertical sau orizontal, a instalatiilor tehnice aflate la diferite niveluri, pentru cai de acces in situatii de functionare normala (mentenanta sau control), precum si pentru respectarea cerintelor de siguranta si de tehnica a muncii (scari de urgenta etc.).
Directia de iesire: va fi adaptata indicatiilor de proiectare pentru plaforme, in functie de orientarea cailor de evacuare (atentie la ingustari).
Scarile vor fi montate de regula in asa fel incit, fiecarea noua trepta sa formeze un unghi de 90° cu marginea platformei.
Suportii laterali ai scarii vor fi purtati pentru scarile intrerupte cu o iesire laterala la cel putin
3.4 Steps
Construction details for steps: Annex 2, Fig. 16 and Fig. 17
Steps must be provided to join platform levels of different storey heights, for main - traverse routes with normal operation, and for safety and operating requirements (escape route requirement, stairway tower etc.). For larger equipment, steps must be provided from the plant level up to the operating levels.
For equipment scaffolds, continuous step structures must be provided (stairway tower)
Width: As specified in guide plan
Minimum widths for escape route must be observed according to the Employee Protection Ordinance.
Minimum tread width: 270 mm
Maximum tread height: 180 mm
Maximum number of tread heights: 20 step heights
For multiple steps (stairway tower etc.), the selected step height must be maintained throughout the stairway.
The provision of the operating levels must be co-ordinated accordingly. Maximum inclination to the horizontal: 35 ° Traverse load: 5.0 kN / m2
3.5 Ladders
Design details for ladders: Annex 2, Fig. 18
For connecting platform levels. Footbridges and/or landings for vertical and horizontal equipment, plant equipment of various heights, for traverse routes with normal operation (maintenance and inspection mode), as well as safety – or operation requirement (emergency ladders etc.)
Direction of exit: Must be adjusted to the planned specifications of the platform concept by considering the escape route directions (note narrowing sections etc.).
Generally, ladders must be provided in such a way that the rungs form an angle of 90° with the platform edge.
The ladder uprights must be designed with side exit for a non-continuous ladder minimum 1600
1600 mm deasupra marginii superioare a platformei.
Model preferat: Anexa 2, Fig. 18
Lungime maxima a scarii intre doua nivele : 10,00 m Anexa 2, Fig. 19
Scara cu protectie pentru spate Scari pentru coloane si recipienti verticali : Anexa 2, Fig. 18 – Fig. 20
Balustrade de prindere si manerul de retinere : pozitionate in general
Anexa 2, Fig. 18
Pentru unirea mai multor nivele cu o "scara continua", scarile vor fi montate decalat, pentru a evita caderea printre ele.
Punctele de prindere pentru scari, cu placi de tabla fixe sau mobile de prindere: Anexa 2, Fig. 21 – Fig. 23
In cazul aparatelor cu radiatie termica, se va prevedea o separare termica a punctelor de fixare a scarii.
Cos de protectie pentru spate: Pentru scarile cu o lungime de mai mult de 3.000 mm a fi montata o siguranta de cadere in forma unui cos suport pentru spate.
Anexa 2, Fig. 18
Daca o scara se termina pe un podest intermediar, de unde incepe o alta scara decalata, cosul de protectie va fi prelungit pina la balustrada. Anexa 2, Fig. 24 + 25
Pozitionarea de diagonale in cosul de protectie nu este permisa.
Pentru capetele de scari cu trepte paralele cu marginea platformei, barele de prindere vor fi integrate in punctul de prindere la balustrada.
3.6 Balustrade
Balustradele vor fi prevazute de obicei pentru puncte de inspectie aflate la inaltime, pe platforme, postamente, punti etc., cu o inaltime mai mare de 1.00 m.
Modelul standard al balustradei este cel de forma B corespunzator DIN 28 017.
Balustrada va fi executata conform specificatiei fie ca o constructie din tevi, cornier, in forma sudata sau insurubata.
Modelul ales trebuie specificat in comanda de catre beneficiar.
mm over platform upper edge.
Preferred design: Annex 2, Fig. 18
Max. ladder length between two levels: 10.00 m Annex 2, Fig. 19
Rung pitch and back protection: Ladders for columns and vertical tanks: Annex 2, Fig.18- Fig 20
Grip rods and retaining brackets: must be generally provided.
Annex 2, Fig. 18
For connections of several levels with a "continuous ladder" the ladders must be arranged in a zig-zag pattern. (danger of falling through )
Ladder links using fixed point and loose point connection plates : Annex 2, Fig. 21 to Fig. 23
For equipment emitting thermal radiation, thermal separation of the ladder connection points must be provided
Back protection cage: For ladders with runs of more than 3,000 mm, fall protection must be provided in the form of a back protection cage.
Annex 2, Fig. 18
If a ladder ends on an intermediate landing at an offset, then the back protection must be extended up to the railing Annex 2, Fig. 24 +25
The provision of diagonal struts in the back protection cage is not allowed.
For ladder exit with rungs parallel to the platform edge, the grip rods must be integrated in the railing connection.
3.6 Railings
Railings must always be provided for elevated standing areas on platforms, landings, footbridges etc, having a possible fall height of more than 1.00 m.
The standard design of the railing is Form B according to DIN 28 017.
The railing must be produced according to the specification either as pipe structure or as angular steel structure in welded or bolted construction.
The choice must be made by the customer during order issue.
In selectarea modelului balustradei se va lua in considerare in special faptul ca degetele sa nu poata fi prinse.
Detalii de constructie pentru balustrade: Anexa 2, Fig.26 - Fig. 30
In locurile deosebit de periculoase (de exemplu devierea la 90º a unei cai de acces de la o scara etc.), balustrada va avea o protectie dubla in zona genunchilor conform formei C a DIN 28 017.
Definitia zonlor periculoase va fi data de catre responsabilul de proiect al PETROM / OMV , in colaborare cu departamentele de protectie a muncii si pompieri.
3.7 Siguranta la coborare
Pentru platforme si postamente ale aparatelor si coloanelor vor fi montate sigurante de coborire in mod obligatoriu, fara exceptii.
Protectiile de coborire vor indeplinii urmatoarele conditii de baza:
-Inchidere automata pin forta gravitationala sau cu arc;
-Imposibil de deschis inspre directia de urcare;
-Imposibilitatea detasarii neintentionate;
-Potrivite pentru preluarea aceleasi sarcini orizontale ca si palierul la care duc;
-Constructie care sa nu necesite lucrari de mentenanta.
Siguranta de coborire:
Sisteme cu inchidere proprie de siguranta: Anexa 2, Fig. 31 – Fig. 34
Usa pivotanta de siguranta cu cu inchidere cu arc:Anexa 2, Fig. 35
Plase si cosuri de prindere:
Model preferat: bara de siguranta cu inchidere proprie: Anexa 2, Fig. 31
Sigurantele de coborire realizate din lanturi sunt interzise fara exceptie
3.8 Macarale, carucioare de macara si brate rotative
Proiectarea macaralelor si a carucioarelor pentru macarale are loc conform specificatiilor proiectului. Profilul de cerinte pentru specificare si masurare va fi stabilit de catre liderul de proiect PETROM / OMV , in functie de indicatiile de functionare. Se vor stabili sarcinile nominale.
When selecting the railing form, pay special attention to the free finger space on the hand railing
Design details for railings: Annex 2, Fig. 26 to Fig. 30
In special dangerous locations (e.g. rectangular branching of a traverse route from a step etc.), the railing must be equipped with a second knee rail to Form C acc. to DIN 28 017 in the hazardous area.
The hazardous area must be defined by the PETROM/ OMV project manager, together with the Safety and Fire Protection Department.
3.7 Descent and fall protection
For platforms and landings on equipment and columns, fall protection must be provided for all ladders, without exception.
Descent protection must have the following basic features:
-Self-closing by gravitational or spring force
-Cannot be opened up towards the ladder
-Unintentional raising not possible
-Capable of withstanding the same horizontal load as the connected railings
-Maintenance-free design, as far as possible
Descent protection:
Independent safety bracket: Annex 2,Fig. 31 to Fig. 34
Independent descent doors with sping force: Annex 2, Fig. 35
Descent protection using chains is forbidden under any circumstances
3.8 Cranes, crane trolleys and swivel arms
The planning of cranes and trolleys is according to project-specific requirements. The requirements profile for specifications and dimensioning must be determined by the PETROM/ OMV project manager according to the operational specifications.
Bratele rotative Dimensiunile necesare ale tevilor vor fi calculate in functie de sarcina nominala indicata. Sarcina calculata a bratului rotativ = 2,5 x sarcina nominala
Petru masele a, b, c, d, si e vor fi preluate valori de pe constructia metalica respectiv de pe desenele de recipienti.
Model preferat: DAVIT : Anexa 2, Fig. 36 si Fig. 37
Swivel arms
The required pipe dimensions must be calculated according to the specified working load. Calculated load of the swivel arm = 2.5 x working load
Dimensions a, b, c, d, and e must be taken from the steel structure or equipment drawing.
898 Caracteristici mecanice ale elementelor de imbinare -1 Suruburi
-5 Stifturi filetate
-6 Piulite cu forte de verificare stabila – filete fine
2009 Piulite cu capat infundat cu fanta; clasa de produs A
2702 Suruburi din tabla metalice tratate termic – caracteristici mecanice
4759 Toleranta pentru elemente de imbinare
-1 Suruburi si piulite – clasele de produs A, B si C -3 Garnituri plate pentru suruburi si piulite
10684 Elemente de asamblare. Acoperiri de galvanizare la cald
12 437 Siguranta masinilor – cai de acces stabilite
-1 Selectia punctului de acces local intre doua nivele -2 Platforme de lucru si paliere de vizitare -3 Trepte, scari si balustrade -4 Scari fixe 12 944 Materiale de acoperire- protectia impotriva coroziunii, pentru constructii de otel cu straturi de protectie.
14122 Securitatea masinilor. Mijloace permanente de acces la masini
NORME DIN
28 017 Coloane si alte aparate
-1 Platforme si puncte de acces
-2 Balustrade si platforme -3 Scari -4 Siguranta impotriva caderii
EN ISO
898 Mechanical properties of connection elements -1 Bolts
-5 Setscrews
-6 Nuts with defined test strengths – standard threads