Oil & Gas 101 Well Intervention & Well End - of - Life Teoman Altinkopru Vice President Well Intervention, Schlumberger
Oil & Gas 101Well Intervention & Well End-of-Life
Teoman Altinkopru
Vice President Well Intervention, Schlumberger
Agenda
2
CT Unit Components
Why Coiled Tubing?
Coiled Tubing in P&A
Coiled Tubing Market
How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?
Q&A
Evolution of Coiled Tubing Market
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
$ M
Worldwide CT Market
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
CT
U’s
Worldwide CTU Count
3
Source: SPE ICoTASource: SPEARS
Product Portfolios
Coiled Tubing Equipment
– Units
– Data Acquisition
Coiled Tubing Fluid Applications
– Well Kill / Kick Off
– Nitrogen Applications
– Wellbore Fill Removal
– Acid and Screen Wash
– Matrix acidizing
– Chemical Treatments and Shut offs
– CT Cementing
Coiled Tubing Tools
– Flow Control
– Scale Removal
– Fishing
– Zonal Isolation
– Milling/ Drilling / Underreaming
– Tubing Cutting
Coiled Tubing Logging and Perforating
– Perforating
– Logging
Coiled Tubing Completions
– Velocity String
– Completion – Conventional and Spoolable
– ESP
– Sand Management – Gravel Pack and Consolidation
Advanced Services
– Live Downhole Coiled Tubing Services
– Integrated Coiled Tubing Production Service
– Real Time Production Logging
– Inflatable Packers
4
CT Operational Breakdown
15%
11%
10%
10%
7%
7%
5%
5%
5%
4%
4%
4%
3%3%
2%1% 1% Coiled Tubing Wellbore Cleanout
Coiled Tubing Well Circulation
Coiled Tubing Matrix
Non-Service Related
N2 Services Only - No CT
Coiled Tubing Equipment Rental
Coiled Tubing Tool Conveyance
Coiled Tubing Milling
Coiled Tubing Recharges Only
Coiled Tubing Cementing
Coiled Tubing Logging
Coiled Tubing Fishing / Retrieval
Coiled Tubing Completion
5
Agenda
6
CT Unit Components
Why Coiled Tubing?
Coiled Tubing in P&A
Coiled Tubing Market
How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?
Q&A
Coiled Tubing Welds (Bias)
Bias Weld
Welded as flat strip: joints two strips. Traditionally used filler material
Till final length is reached
When tubing is formed, the weld takes the shape of a helix
7
Flat steel about to be welded
Coiled Tubing Welds (Seam Weld)
Inline Seam Weld
In every string where the flat
steel was rolled and joined
Often referred to as the “flash”
No filler material
Long Itudinal
Weld Profile
Bias Weld
Profile
8
How Coiled Tubing Is Made
9
Sheet Alloy
In Line Seam Welding
Weld Surface Finished
and Heat Treated
Rollers Pressing Sheet
Into Tube
Tapered CT String
10
Strips of different thickness are jointed
to form a tapered string
Intermediate
Lighter wall
Heavier wall
Residual Bend
A Key Issue
Its influence
Compression
Buckling
Access
11
Helical Lockup The distance to which the CT can be pushed into a
highly deviated or horizontal well is not the instant
when helical buckling occurs.
It has been shown experimentally and proven through
numerous field cases that the pipe can proceed
further, without damage, beyond what is the load for
helical buckling.
The maximum penetration depth is reached when the
applied force on the CT at surface can no longer
overcome the friction due to the helical wall contact
forces.
This situation is called “helical lockup”.
Sinusoidal
Buckling
Helical
Buckling
12
Common Intervention MethodsWhere Coiled Tubing Fits
13
Req
uire
d Le
vel o
f Eng
inee
ring
Intervention Methods
Cost & Duration of Intervention
Slick Line
Coiled
Tubing
Snubbing
Unit
Workover
Rig
Agenda
14
CT Unit Components
Why Coiled Tubing?
Coiled Tubing in P&A
Coiled Tubing Market
How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?
Q&A
Coiled Tubing Unit
Prime Mover
Control Cabin
Tubing Reel
Injector Head
BOP/Stripper
Lifting Equipment
15
CT Reel – Functions
Basic functions of the reel:
Storing and protecting the CT string – reel
drum (1)
Maintaining proper tension between reel and
injector head (reel drive system)
Efficiently spooling the CT string onto the
reel drum - levelwind system (2)
Circulating fluids with the drum rotating –
swivel (3)
Application of protective coating or inhibitor
on tubing string - tubing lubricator system
(4)
CT depth measurement system - reel
mounted counter and integrity monitor (5)This is always the heaviest load. Determines logistics and applicability in many situations !
1
2
3
4
5
1
3
16
Reel Models
17
Reel Size Comparison
Injector Head – FunctionsBasic functions of the injector head or equipment
normally mounted on the injector head include:
Injecting and retrieving the CT string
Holding the CT string static
Guiding the CT to the reel
Tension/compression measurement (weight indicator)
Depth/speed measurement (depth system sensor)
Mounting place for primary pressure barrier (stripper)
18
Gooseneck
Recommendations
Tubing Size (in.) Radius (in.)
1-1/4 48 to 72
1-1/2 48 to 72
1-3/4 72 to 96
2 72 to 96
2-3/8 90 to 120
2-7/8 90 to 120
3-1/2 96 to 120
19
HR 240 - 50-in.
HR 480 - 108-in.
HR 240 - 72-in.
The “44” rule …..
CT Well Control Equipment
Equipment providing
pressure control in live well
operations
Stripper
BOP
Check valve in the BHA
20
Stripper
Primary Well Control
Hydraulically actuated
10,000 or 15,000 psi WP
3 different configurations
– Top loaded
– Side Door
– Radial (High Pressure)
21
BOP Features
Blind ram
Shear Ram
Slip ram
Pipe ram
22
WHP Sensor Port
Equalizing Valve
2” side port
Equalizing Valve
CTU Power Pack and Control Cab
23
CTU – Skid Mounted
24
CTU – Barge Mounted
Lake Maracaibo Barge Unit Nigerian Barge Unit
25
CT Express
26
Coiled Tubing ExpressTrailer mounted CTU –Examples of Slb Units
CT SEAS
27
Agenda
28
CT Unit Components
Why Coiled Tubing?
Coiled Tubing in P&A
Coiled Tubing Market
How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?
Q&A
Market Driver: NAM Horizontal Rig Growth
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016…
Vert
Horz
Dir
RigCount
29
North America
Source: Baker Hughes
Market Driver: NAM Shale Plays
30
Market Driver: Maximum Reservoir Contact
31
UZ-750 MD/TVD = 3
Market Driver: Extreme Reservoir Contact
32
Source: Saudi Aramco
33
Wireline
Completions
D&MWell Services IPS
Testing Artificial Lift PTS
OneSubsea
BDT
DTS
CT Sand Control
Production Logging
CH Logging
Perforating
CTD Matrix stimulation
CoilFRAC
CT Cementing
P&A
TCP
UBD CTD
REDACoil
Cable Deployed ESP
Domain Expertise
Light Weight
Intervention
Thru-Tubing tools
Well Intervention Interacts with a wide range of services
ACTive Technology Platform Roadmap
34
Straddle
Mechanical
Services
Platform
OptiFIRE MLT Logging
ACTive Decipher ACTive PS Gamma RayTension
Compression DFLO
2010 201520112008
2014
Measurements
Platform
Xtreme
Universal Circulation
Optical MHA
CT Re-frac
Distributed
Measurements
2016 2018 2020
Impact of Real-Time Downhole Measurements
35
Treatment Execution
Initial Treatment Design
Full Treatment Evaluation
In the past Conventional CT
Intervention and Stimulation Workflow
36
SPE 165121
Treatment Execution
Initial Treatment Design
Treatment Evaluation
DecisionNew Treatment Design
Full Treatment Evaluation
Real-time downhole measurements
Now using
ACTive technologies
Intervention and Stimulation Workflow
37
Agenda
38
CT Unit Components
Why Coiled Tubing?
Coiled Tubing in P&A
Coiled Tubing Market
How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?
Q&A
P&ADrill to Frac Frac to Produce Produce to Recover
“Life of a Well”
Produce to RecoverComplete to Produce
DD/MWD/LWD Zonal Isolation Completion Frac/Stimulation Reservoir Mgmt Well Intervention
Drill to Complete
Recover Zonal Isolation
39
Permanent Well Abandonment
Questions
41