Protections from the technical point of view “What you always wanted to know about protections and were afraid to ask…” Petra Píclová Online training 7.6.2012
Feb 06, 2016
Protections
from the technical point of view
“What you always wanted to know about protections
and were afraid to ask…”
Petra Píclová Online training
7.6.2012
Agenda
• What is mains protection?
• Protection functions
• Different applications
• Configuration and settings
• Communication
• New trends and R&D
≈=
What is mains protection?
How mains protections work
• 500 kW power plant; 0,25 EUR per kWh → EUR 3000 per day
• Property damage EUR 1 500 000 = 140% of yearly revenue
1. To protect the utility grid (mains) and its
consumers
2. To protect the equipment of the site owner
3. To protect the investment of the site operator
Role of mains protection
ComAp mains protections
MainsPro• Essential functions
• Approved by utilities
InteliPro• Advanced functions
• Flexible configuration
Protective functions
Essential protective functions:
• 2-level over/undervoltage
• 2-level over/underfrequency
• Vector shift
• Rate Of Change Of Frequency
• Symmetrical components
• Last trip record
• Mechanical sealing
MainsPro - ingeniously simple
•Wider range of protective functions
•Additional features
•Comprehensive history log
•Full configurability through PC SW
•Plug-in communications concept
•CAN connection to controllers
InteliPro - simply ingenious
Basic functions ANSI
Over/undervoltage, voltage asymmetry 27, 59, 47
Over/underfrequency 81H, 81L
Directional power (both directions) 32 + 62
Instantaneous overcurrent, Time overcurrent 50, 51
Current asymetry 46
Earth fault current 50N, 51N
Breaker failure protection
Automatic fault-reset
Analog and binary switches
Maximum parallel time
Basic protective functions
Optional protective functions
Optional functions ANSIVector shift 78
ROCOF 81R
Directional overcurrent 67
Sync-check 25
Neutral voltage displacement 59N
Auto-reclosing 79
Time overcurrent with voltage restraint 51V
Voltage
• Adjustable time delays for both levels, U/O voltage• 10 minutes floating average overvoltage
• Voltage unbalance (ANSI 47)• Detection of increased difference of voltage amplitude between
two phases
• Voltage asymmetry• Detects angle asymmetry of the measured voltage
• „Inverse definite minimum time“ overcurrent
• Moderate, very or extremely inverse
• ANSI
• IEC
• ComAp curve
IDMT overcurrent
B
II
ATIt P
nom
dial
1
)(
• Adjustable direction and limit
Directional power
0 kW
- kW
(export)
+ kW
(import)
Directional overcurrent
Loss of mains protections
• Vector shift (ANSI 78)
• Rate of Change of Frequency – ROCOF (ANSI 81R)
Mains protections applications
Usual applications
• CHP
• Micro-turbines
• Biogas stations
• Renewables • PV power plants• Small hydro• Grid-tied wind• Biomass plants
Different operation
• Simple application• 1 CB operated
• Complex application• 2 CBs operated
Simple applications
• Comm Trp output used
• CB1 Feedback
• Remote switching
• Blocking of functions by
• Setpoints
• Binary inputs
Complex applications
• CB1 and CB2 operated
independently
• „Priority switching“ function
• CBs can be used as backup to
each other
• Blocking of functions
Mains protection added value
Configuration and settings
MainsPro
• Easy wiring • Manual settings and operation• No PC SW needed• 5 relay outputs• 4 binary switches• Remote or manual fault reset• Automatic return to mains
InteliPro
• Full configurability through LiteEdit PC software
Lite Edit
Communication
•Plug-in modules support• IB-Lite (Ethernet)• IL-NT GPRS • IL-NT RS232 (Modbus)• IL-NT RS485 (Modbus)• IL-NT USB
•Active SMS•messages at pre-set event
•History log• 330 event-driven records
InteliPro
New trends and Research & Development
New trends
• Widespread power generation
• Grid stability maintenance
• Increased requirements
Research & Development
New features added to MainsPro• Average voltage• Automatic return to mains• 5 last events record (not released yet)
New features added to InteliPro• Dynamic grid support• Pole slip protection (not released yet)• QU (reactive power undervoltage) protection (not
released yet)
Available materials
• Datasheets
• Manuals – comprehensive guides
• Default set up sheet in every box
• Protection catalogue
• Technical support
Buy Additional Features
• You pay only for what you need
• Provides possibility of adding further functions
• Access through ComAp VIP page
Questions?
Thank you!