Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

Morning After The Night Before Is the future what it used to be?

For pre-viewing … [Taken from presentations given to JISC and to the ASA Conference ..]

Peter Burnhill

Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

[email protected]

Role in scholarly communication …

EDINA’s mission: to enhance productivity in research, learning and teaching

In mid-90s, we planned a future, based on host to key A&I Databases: • Art Abstracts, Art Retro Index, PAIS, MLA, EconLit , Palmer’s Index to Times• Agdex, BIOSIS, CAB-Agriculture, CSA Environment, Land, Life & Leisure• Ei Compendex, INSPEC

Served most of UK academic market for those

But ‘Content Gold Rush’ as rights holders took back licences• Stampede for retail frontage with links to full text and other portals

Re-making role … • From Discovery to Delivery [project activity with Mimas: Copac & Zetoc]

• Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials • National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use• Investigating analysis of usage data / e-journals register [see PEPRS below]

• Open Access; Access Management • The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility• Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)

• Pioneered use of Shibboleth for JISC and developed pilot federation (SDSS) • Technical (metadata) support for UK Access Management Federation (with JANET)• JISC Expert Group on Identity & Access Management

• Continuing access and preservation of journal content• Access Host for CLOCKSS, with U of Edinburgh as Archive Node• Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative • Piloting an e-journals preservation registry (PEPRS), with ISSN-IC• Post-cancellation access via NESLi2 (PeCAN), with JISC Collections

having also diversified into GeoSpatial (GoGeo) and Multimedia (VSM Portal) ‘resources’; and support for JISC with e-learning/OER

• Jorum for learning and teaching materials (long term partner with Mimas)

A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication

Author

Reader

writes to be recognised by peer community &

for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes

… perhaps to be read

Key User (Reader) Verbs:

Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article

article is the ‘information object of

desire’

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£


Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(Access to article–length work)

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Value-add £ services

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library

Licence

Cloud Activity: (1) An Ever-present Cloud of Peers

peer review

peer exchange

‘invisible college’



Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

learned society

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Peer-to-Peer Communication

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’


Forma£

Economy

learned society

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication

peer review

peer exchange




Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

‘Open Access’

repositories

free2web access

E-prints££

learned society

repositories

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Shared Challenge about Assured and Continuing Access

peer review

peer exchange




Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Continuity of access

learned society

Long term digital preservation

repositories

free2web access

E-prints

repositories

E-prints

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Forecasting change for the traditional model?


* All is Licensed, whether for:•Open Access•Privileged of Membership Access•Payment of Cash Access

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

(2) Peer2Peer Pressure Cloud

peer review

peer exchange



Forma£

Economy

learned society

free2web access

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

(3) Cumulus Web Formation, will come to dominate

peer exchange



Forma£

Economyfree2web access

Role of Institutional

Repositories?

Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs.

RSS feeds, Wikis

Author(article)

Reader(article)


issue

Library(serial)

Licence

(4) The Challenge in forecasting futures

Open peer

review?peer exchange



Forma£

Economy

Role of learned society?

free2web access

Role of Institutional Repositories

?

Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs.

RSS feeds, Wikis

Publisher engagement

Value-add £ services

17

What network-level choice?

For (resource) discovery?

• Does Internet mean Google [full product range], Science Direct [and equivalent commercial offerings]?

• What is the contribution at the national level? • For journal content and other literature?• For other resources, eg geo-spatial, learning materials, etc

For (resource) locate, request and access?

• Some resources are ‘open’, others require authorisation: do we plan structure for both? – Delivery of product and services ‘at the network level’– Delivering service (collecting revenue - directly or indirectly)

at the nation state, consortium or institutional level?

authenticationUKAMFed

Shibboleth/Athens

Reader(article)


issue

Licence =authorisation serial issue article

Scholarly Communication(Focus on formal (£) economy for licensed online access to article–length work published in journals)

[licensed] access to

article online

Library(serial)

‘locate/access’

‘discover’

‘request’

OPACOPAC A&IA&I

ScienceDirect, Scopus, etc

GoogleScholar

OpenURLResolver

LibPortal

Serials managers

Reader(article)

Library(serial)

Licence=authorisation

Scholarly Communication(Institutional & JISC Components)

Forma£

economy

OPACsOPACs

OpenURLResolver

‘discover’

licensed access to

article online ‘locate/access’

authentication

‘request’

A&IA&I

serial issue article

LibPortal


issue

NESLi2

eg WoK, CABI

eg JSTOR


IoPArchive

Serials managers

Reader(article)

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication [historical] (Four projects funded by the JISC as ‘JOIN-UP’: with focus access to article–length work published in journals)

Forma£

economy

zetoc

Xgrain: GetRef

Zblsa: GetCopy

‘discover’licensed access to

article

‘locate’

A&IA&I


Docusend: non-BL docdel


Reader(article)

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication (Historical: JOIN-UP Project Outcomes)

zetoc

Open URLresolver

GetCopy

National OpenURL Router ‘discover’licensed

access to article

‘locate’

A&IA&I


m2mGetRef for

articles in Institutional &Subject Portals

GetRefLibPortal

OpenURL Resolvers:‘appropriate copy’ national OpenURL router: ‘appropriate resolver’

SUNCAT70 largest libraries

Reader(article/serial)

UK research libraries(national, university & specialist)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(JISC/RSLP establishes SUNCAT as UK serials union catalogue)

ISSNRegister

OPACsOPACs

‘discover’

licensed access to

article

‘locate’


DOAJ1. Locate & discover serials held in UK

other than in local OPAC2. Upgrade OPACs

have good bib. records

3. metadata on electronic access subscriptions/dealsNISO/Onix/DLF(ERMI)


issue


2

CONSER

Serials managers

Serials managers

SUNCAT

Reader(article)

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(Bringing JISC-funded components together with bought-in 3rd party products)

licensed access to

article

zetoc

GetRef

ETOCs

‘discover’

A&IA&I


‘access’

authentication

‘request’

Open URLresolver

ISSNRegister

OPACsOPACs

‘locate’

DOAJ

m2m

GetCopy National OpenURL Router

Serials managers

SUNCAT

Reader(article)

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication: inter-working; use of what others provide; what is missing: Journals Portal?

CONSER

ISSN Register

OPACsOPACs

zetoc

GetRefOpen URLresolver

ETOCs

‘discover’

licensed access to article

A&IA&I


DOAJ

LibPortal

CLOCKSS

‘locate’

OpenDOAR

the Depot

Intute Search

GoogleScholar/Facebook/spaces


issue

‘open access’ to article

IRs

Onix

Xref peer review

learned society

Inst. Repos.

VLE

Copac, WorldCat,Other Catalogues

M as new Reader

25

what visions have others had?

26

1) a comprehensive electronic journal system

• “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of .. scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of

articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … – telecommunications infrastructure is already available …

• “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, – [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from

publishers. – it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.

Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.

• “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be …

Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”

27

1) a comprehensive electronic journal system [1978]• “Recent technological advances … developed largely independently of

… scientific and technical communication, will provide all the components”– word-processing equipment [and] personal computers for the preparation of

articles .. will benefit publishers who can handle electronic output. … – telecommunications infrastructure is already available …

• “Should a National Periodical Center come into existence, – [it] would be ideally situated to take advantage of any electronic output from

publishers. – it could assist in the distribution functions now handled exclusively by publishers.

Libraries and smaller publishers .. would benefit.

• “This … is highly desirable and currently achievable … within next 20 years,– a majority of articles will be handled [in part this way] but not all articles will be …

Much-read articles may still be distributed in paper form”

• “some at NSF were disappointed because other studies forecast much quicker implementation”

Donald King: study in 1978, published in 1981, reviewed in 1983

‘Scientific journals in the United States: Their production, use and economics’, King, McDonald and Roderer, 1981 Out of Print.

Review by C. Lee Jones, Bull. Med. Lib. Assoc. 71(4) 1983; available http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov)

28

2) Pricing model for the future

“… goal is to give people access to as much information as possible ….

“… experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation”

29

2) Pricing model [projected] for the future [2000]

“Elsevier’s goal is to give people access to as much information as possible on a flat fee, unlimited use basis.

“Elsevier’s experience has been that as soon as usage is metered on a per-article basis, there is an inhibition on use or a concern about exceeding some budget allocation”

Karen Hunter, Elsevier, March 2000

PEAK 2000 Conference ‘Brings Librarians, Publishers, Economists Together’– a path breaking conference at University of Michigan, looking at

Traditional Subscription vs Bundled vs Per Article– Now published, 8 years later

* as ‘Economics and usage of digital libraries: byting the bullet’, Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason and Wendy Pradt Lougee (eds). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan University Library, Scholarly Publishing Office 2008

• But could have been found & read during past 8 years on Internet/Web • anytime, anyplace at www.si.umich.edu/PEAK-2000

30

This takes us back to an earlier JISC Vision about access

Based on privilege of membership, not payment of money• Library Card (Shibboleth) not Visa Card• End users respond to different price-effort models; if not money

then effort. King & Tenopir• But will credit crunch mean cancellations and end of Big Deal?

Just another way of saying “free at the point of use”• walk-in libraries; the development of JISC and its services• ‘Digital library developments - a realistic future?’,

Lyn Brindley & Derek Law, 1997, INSPEL, 31 (4) pp 195-203

• also available at http://en.scientificcommons.org/38270314

Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

Documents

open access access management

cancellation access

journals libraries

articlelength work

jisc collections

uk academic market

edina national data

archive nodetechnical