PETE 310 Review Lecture # 7 Three & Multicomponent Mixtures… Plus Lecture # 8 – Chapter 5.

PETE 310PETE 310

Review Lecture # 7 Review Lecture # 7

Three & Multicomponent Three & Multicomponent Mixtures…Mixtures…

PlusPlus

Lecture # 8 – Chapter 5Lecture # 8 – Chapter 5

Ternary Diagrams: ReviewTernary Diagrams: Review

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L

H I


Pressure EffectPressure Effect

C3C3

nC5 C3

C1

Gas

p=14.7 psia

C1

nC5

Gas

2-phase

Liquid

p=380 psiaC3 nC5

C1

C3

Gas

2-phase

Liquid

p=500 psia

C1

Gas

2-phase

Liquid

nC5 p=1500 psia

2-phase

Liquid

C1

nC5

Gas

p=2000 psia

C1

nC5 C3

Liquid

p=2350 psia

Dilution LinesDilution LinesTernary Diagrams: ReviewTernary Diagrams: Review

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C1

C10 n-C4

x


Quantitative Representation of Quantitative Representation of Phase Equilibria - Tie (or Phase Equilibria - Tie (or equilibrium) linesequilibrium) lines

Tie lines join equilibrium conditions of Tie lines join equilibrium conditions of the gas and liquid at a given pressure the gas and liquid at a given pressure and temperature.and temperature.

Dew point curve gives the gas Dew point curve gives the gas composition.composition.

Bubble point curve gives the liquid Bubble point curve gives the liquid composition.composition.


Quantitative Representation of Quantitative Representation of Phase Equilibria - Tie (or Phase Equilibria - Tie (or equilibrium) linesequilibrium) lines

All mixtures whose overall composition All mixtures whose overall composition (z(zii) is along a tie line have the SAME ) is along a tie line have the SAME equilibrium gas (yequilibrium gas (yii) and liquid ) and liquid composition (xcomposition (xii), but the relative ), but the relative amounts on a molar basis of gas and amounts on a molar basis of gas and liquid (fliquid (fvv and f and fll) change linearly (0 – vapor ) change linearly (0 – vapor at B.P., 1 – liquid at B.P.).at B.P., 1 – liquid at B.P.).

Illustration of Phase Illustration of Phase Envelope and Tie LinesEnvelope and Tie Lines

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01

C1

C10 n-C4

CP

Uses of Ternary DiagramsUses of Ternary Diagrams

Representation of Multi-Component Representation of Multi-Component Phase Behavior with a Phase Behavior with a Pseudoternary DiagramPseudoternary Diagram

Ternary diagrams may approximate Ternary diagrams may approximate phase behavior of multi-component phase behavior of multi-component mixtures by grouping them into 3 mixtures by grouping them into 3 pseudocomponentspseudocomponents

heavy (Cheavy (C77++))

intermediate (Cintermediate (C22-C-C66))light (Clight (C11, CO, CO2 , 2 , NN22- C- C1, 1, COCO22-C-C22, ...), ...)

Uses of Ternary DiagramsUses of Ternary Diagrams

Miscible Recovery ProcessesMiscible Recovery Processes

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C1

C2-C6C7+

A

O

Solvent1Solvent1

oiloil

Solvent2Solvent2

ExerciseExerciseFind overall composition of mixture Find overall composition of mixture made with 100 moles oil "O" + 10 made with 100 moles oil "O" + 10 moles of mixture "A".moles of mixture "A".____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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C1

C2-C6C7+

A

O

Practice Ternary Practice Ternary DiagramsDiagrams

Pressure EffectPressure Effect

T=180FP=14.7 psia

Pressure Effect

O

T=180FP=200 psia

C1-C3-C10

Pressure Effect

O

T=180FP=400 psia

Pressure Effect

O

T=180FP=600 psia

Pressure Effect

O

Practice Ternary DiagramsPractice Ternary DiagramsPressure EffectPressure Effect

T=180FP=1000 psia

Pressure Effect

O

T=180FP=1500 psia

Pressure Effect

O

T=180FP=2000 psia

O

T=180FP=3000 psia

O

T=180FP=4000 psia

O

Practice Ternary DiagramsPractice Ternary Diagrams

Temperature EffectTemperature Effect

T=100FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

T=150FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

T=200FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

T=300FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

Practice Ternary DiagramsPractice Ternary Diagrams

Temperature EffectTemperature Effect

T=350FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

T=400FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

T=450FP=2000 psia

Temperature Effect

O

Pressure-Temperature Pressure-Temperature Diagram for Diagram for

Multicomponent SystemsMulticomponent SystemsR

eser

voir

Pre

ssu

re

Reservoir Temperature

Bubble-Curve

Dew-Curve

60%

20%0%

2-Phase

1-Phase 1-PhaseCP

Changes During Changes During Production and InjectionProduction and Injection

Temperature

t1

Pre

ssu

re

t3

t2

Gas

Injection

Productiont

t3

2

Gas

Injection

Production

PETE 310PETE 310

Lecture # 8: Five Lecture # 8: Five Reservoir Fluids (Chapter Reservoir Fluids (Chapter

5)5)

PETE 310 - Phase PETE 310 - Phase BehaviorBehavior

Used to visualize the fluids Used to visualize the fluids production path from the production path from the reservoir to the surfacereservoir to the surface

To classify reservoir fluidsTo classify reservoir fluidsVisualize miscible processesVisualize miscible processes

Pressure vs. Temperature DiagramsPressure vs. Temperature Diagrams

Pressure-Temperature Pressure-Temperature Diagram for Diagram for

Multicomponent SystemsMulticomponent SystemsR

eser

voir

Pre

ssu

re

Reservoir Temperature

Bubble-Curve

Dew-Curve

60%

20%0%

2-Phase

1-Phase 1-PhaseCP

Why do we need to Why do we need to classify Reservoir Fluids?classify Reservoir Fluids?

Determine fluid samplingDetermine fluid samplingDetermine types and sizes of surface Determine types and sizes of surface

equipmentequipmentDictate depletion strategyDictate depletion strategyDetermine selection of EOR methodDetermine selection of EOR methodDetermine techniques to predict oil Determine techniques to predict oil

& gas reserves& gas reservesDetermine Material Balance Determine Material Balance

calculationscalculations

Phase EnvelopesPhase Envelopes

CriticalPoint

Cricondenbar

Cricondentherm

Bubblepoint Curve

Dew Point Curve

QualityLines

Temperature

Pre

ssu

re 75%

50%

25%

Fixed Composition

Classification of Classification of Reservoirs based on Reservoirs based on

Phase DiagramPhase DiagramGas Reservoirs (Single Phase)Gas Reservoirs (Single Phase)

Gas Condensate Reservoirs Gas Condensate Reservoirs (Dew-Point Reservoirs): (Dew-Point Reservoirs):

Undersaturated Solution-Gas Undersaturated Solution-Gas Reservoirs (Bubble-Point Reservoirs (Bubble-Point Reservoirs):Reservoirs):

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Dry Gas ReservoirDry Gas Reservoir

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure

Path of Production

Initial Reservoir Conditions

Separator Conditions

CP

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Wet Gas ReservoirWet Gas Reservoir

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Retrograde Gas ReservoirRetrograde Gas Reservoir

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure


CP

Path of Production


Temperature

Pre

ss

ure


CP

Path of Production


Temperature

Pre

ss

ure


CP

Path of Production


Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Volatile Oil ReservoirVolatile Oil Reservoir

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure


CP

Path of Production


75%

50%25%

Phase Diagram of a Phase Diagram of a Black Oil ReservoirBlack Oil Reservoir

Temperature

Pre

ss

ure


CPPath of Production


25%50%75%

Phase envelopes of different Phase envelopes of different mixtures with different mixtures with different proportions of same HC proportions of same HC

componentscomponents

Typical Reservoir Fluid Typical Reservoir Fluid CompositionsCompositions

Component Black Oil Volatile Oil Gas Condensate Wet Gas Dry Gas

C1 48.83 64.36 87.07 95.85 86.67

C2 2.75 7.52 4.39 2.67 7.77

C3 1.93 4.74 2.29 0.34 2.95

C4 1.60 4.12 1.74 0.52 1.73

C5 1.15 3.97 0.83 0.08 0.88

C6 1.59 3.38 0.60 0.12

C7+

42.15 11.91 3.80 0.42

MwC7+

225 181 112 157

GOR 625 2000 18,200 105,000 -

Tank oAPI 34.3 50.1 60.8 54.7 -

LiquidColor

GreenishBlack

MediumOrange

LightStraw

WaterWhite

-

Compositional Distribution ofReservoir Fluids

Classification of Reservoirs Classification of Reservoirs based on Production and based on Production and

PVT dataPVT data

GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS:GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS:GOR between 70,000-100,000 GOR between 70,000-100,000

SCF/STBSCF/STBDensity greater than 60 ºAPIDensity greater than 60 ºAPILight in colorLight in colorCC77

++ composition composition << 12.5% 12.5%

Classification of Reservoirs Classification of Reservoirs based on Production and based on Production and

PVT dataPVT data

VOLATILE OIL RESERVOIRS:VOLATILE OIL RESERVOIRS:GOR between1,000-8,000 GOR between1,000-8,000

SCF/STBSCF/STBDensity between 45-60 ºAPIDensity between 45-60 ºAPIOil FVF greater than 2.00 (high Oil FVF greater than 2.00 (high

shrinkage oils)shrinkage oils)Light brown to green in colorLight brown to green in colorCC77

++ composition composition >> 12.5% 12.5%

BLACK OIL RESERVOIRS:BLACK OIL RESERVOIRS:GOR less than 1,000 SCF/STBGOR less than 1,000 SCF/STBDensity less than 45 ºAPIDensity less than 45 ºAPIReservoir temperatures less than Reservoir temperatures less than

250 ºF250 ºFOil FVF less than 2.00 (low Oil FVF less than 2.00 (low

shrinkage oils)shrinkage oils)Dark green to black in colorDark green to black in colorCC77

++ composition > 30% composition > 30%

Classification of Classification of Reservoirs based on Reservoirs based on

Production and PVT dataProduction and PVT data

AssignmentAssignment

Read and make a summary of Read and make a summary of revised & newer criteria for revised & newer criteria for classification of Reservoir classification of Reservoir Fluids from given paper by Fluids from given paper by William D. McCain in JPT William D. McCain in JPT September 1994September 1994

JPT paper Study GuideJPT paper Study Guide

What are the distinctive What are the distinctive features of features of black oilsblack oils in terms in terms ofofInitial GOR & GOR vs timeInitial GOR & GOR vs time

Initial API & API vs timeInitial API & API vs time

CompositionsCompositions

ColorColor


What are the distinctive What are the distinctive features of features of volatile oilsvolatile oils in in terms ofterms ofInitial GOR & GOR vs timeInitial GOR & GOR vs time



ColorColor


What are the distinctive What are the distinctive features of features of Condensate gasesCondensate gases in terms ofin terms ofInitial GOR & GOR vs timeInitial GOR & GOR vs time



ColorColor


What are the distinctive What are the distinctive features of features of Dry gasesDry gases in terms in terms ofofInitial GOR & GOR vs timeInitial GOR & GOR vs time


PETE 310 Review Lecture # 7 Three & Multicomponent Mixtures… Plus Lecture # 8 – Chapter 5.

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