PET Writing Part 1 Transformations complete the 2 nd sentence using 1,2 or 3 words only Spelling has to be perfect!

PET Writing Part 1

Transformations

complete the 2nd sentence using 1,2 or 3 words only

Spelling has to be perfect!

Strategy

Read the first sentence and think about its meaning.

Read the 2nd sentence, looking at which repeated words from the 1st sentence & which words are different.

Look at the 2nd sentence again and think about which phrases and structures could be used to complete it.

Complete the 2nd sentence using 1, 2 or 3 words. Write them on the answer sheet. Check your spelling.

Read both sentences again, checking their meaning is the same.

Changing reported speech & direct speech. I asked my new neighbours where they had lived before. I asked my new neighbours, "Where did you live before?"

Using different ways of emphasising quality. We are very lucky that our neighbours are so nice. We are very lucky to have such nice neighbours.


Using different verb patterns. The kitchen needs painting. They must get someone to paint the kitchen.



Using an opposite adjective. They said their old house was quite near London. They said their old house wasn’t very far (away) from London.


Using an opposite adjective. They said their old house was quite near London. They said their old house wasn’t very far (away) from London.

Using different comparatives This house is larger than their old house. Their old house wasn’t as large as /big as this house.

Using different time expressions. It is three days since my new neighbours moved into their house. My new neighbours moved into their house three days ago.



Using different ways of expressing a conditional idea.

It will stay a quiet neighbourhood unless they build more houses. If they don’t build more houses, it will stay a quiet neighbourhood.

Changing positive and negative sentences. There are only a few families with cars. There aren’t (very) many families with cars.

Using different ways of expressing a conditional idea.

It will stay a quiet neighbourhood unless they build more houses. If they don’t build more houses, it will stay a quiet neighbourhood.



Using different connectives. People like living here because it’s quiet. It’s quiet so people like living here.

Changing passive and active sentences. The houses were built in different styles. People built (the) houses in different styles.

Using different connectives. People like living here because it’s quiet. It’s quiet so people like living here.

Changing passive and active sentences. The houses were built in different styles. People built (the) houses in different styles.

Changing there is / are and has (got) / have (got).

There are two shops in our neighbourhood. Our neighbourhood has two shops.

• 14%: Comparatives, As…..As, The Same As, Prefer

• 11%: Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Never & The 1st Time

• 9%: Passive to Active & Active to Passive

• 9%: Opposites & Synonyms

• 7%: Have / Has: There Is / Are

• 7%: Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc

• 5%: So Do I / So Does She

• 5%: Close To / Far From / Near

• 5%: Reported Speech to Direct Speech

• 4%: Infinitive of Purpose

• 4%: Indefinite Pronouns : Nothing, Anyone etc

• 4%: Unless

• 4%: Second Conditional

• 4%: What About + ING, Shall We

• 2%: Have v Got

• 2%: During & While

• 2%: Negative Infinitives

• 2%: Other

Extra Grammar Explanations

• Slides 191-201 = Conditional Sentences

• Slides 202-205 = Present Perfect

• Slides 206-209 = Past perfect

• Slides 210-223 = Reported & Direct Speech

• Slides 224-231 = Passive & Active

Comparatives, As…..As,

The Same As, Prefer

= 14% of questions

1. My car is very similar to my friend’s car.

……………the same as…………

Similar To / The Same As

3. My cap looks like his cap.

……………the same as…………

2. My jeans are the same as my brother’s jeans.

My jeans……..

4. My haircut looks almost the same as yours

My haircut……..

1. My car is very similar to my friend’s car.

My car is the same as my friend’s car.

Similar To / The Same As

2. My cap looks like his cap.

My cap looks the same as his cap.

3. My jeans are the same as my brother’s jeans.

My jeans are very similar to my brother’s jeans.

4. My haircut looks almost the same as yours

My haircut is very similar to yours.

1. McDonalds is my favourite restaurant.

……………more than…………

Favourite / More Than Any Other

3. My favourite team is Inter Milan.


2. I like cats more than any other animal.

My favourite…………….

4. John loves fries more than any other food.

Fries are…………….

1. McDonalds is my favourite restaurant.

I like McDonalds more than any other restaurant.

Favourite / More Than Any Other

2. My favourite team is Inter Milan.

I like Inter Milan more than any other team.

3. I like cats more than any other animal.

My favourite animal is a cat.

4. John loves fries more than any other food.

Fries are my favourite food.

1. Messi is better than Ronaldo.

……………not as………..as…………

Better - Worse / Not As….As

3. Ford is worse than Chevrolet.

……………not as………..as…………

2. Arsenal are not as good as Barcelona.

Arsenal……..

4. Justin Bieber is not as good as Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson……..

1. Messi is better than Ronaldo.

Ronaldo is not as good as Messi.

Better - Worse / Not As….As

2. Ford is worse than Chevrolet.

Chevrolet is not as bad as Ford.

3. Arsenal are not as good as Barcelona.

Arsenal are worse than Barcelona.

4. Justin Bieber is not as good as Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson is better than Michael Jackson.

1. Al-Baik is cheaper than McDonalds.

……………costs less…………

Cheaper - More Expensive / Less - More

3. A Ferrari is more expensive than a Cressida.

……………costs more…………

2. A burger costs more than an ice cream.

An ice cream…………..

4. A flight to Egypt costs less than one to Hawaii

A flight to Hawaii………….

1. Al-Baik is cheaper than McDonalds.

Al-Baik costs less than McDonalds.

Cheaper - More Expensive / Less - More

3. A Ferrari is more expensive than a Cressida.A Ferrari costs more than a Cressida.

2. A burger costs more than an ice cream.

An ice cream costs less than a burger.

4. A flight to Egypt costs less than one to Hawaii

A flight to Hawaii costs more than a flight to Egypt.

Comparatives, As…As, The Same As, Prefer

1. I prefer ketchup to spicy sauce.

…………. more than………………….

Prefer…..To / Like…..More Than

3. He prefers playing football to tennis.


2. I like action movies more than romantic ones.

I prefer……………

4. He likes Christiano Ronaldo more than Lionel Messi

He prefers……………..

1. I prefer ketchup to spicy sauce.

I like ketchup more than spicy sauce.

Prefer…..To / Like…..More Than

3. He prefers playing football to tennis.

He likes playing football more than tennis.

2. I like action movies more than romantic ones.

I prefer action movies to romantic ones.

4. He likes Christiano Ronaldo more than Lionel Messi

He prefers Christiano Ronaldo to Lionel Messi.

1. No other student is as tall as me.

……………taller than…………

No Other...As..As / ADJ +er/more…Any Other

3. No other watch is as expensive as a Rolex.

……………more expensive than…………

2. A Lamborghini is faster than any other car.

No other……..

4. Einstein is more intelligent than other man.

No other……..

1. No other student is as tall as me.

I am taller than any other student.

No Other...As..As / ADJ +er/more…Any Other

3. No other watch is as expensive as a Rolex.

A Rolex is more expensive than any other watch.

2. A Lamborghini is faster than any other car.

No other car is as fast as a Lamborghini.

4. Einstein is more intelligent than other man.

No other man is as intelligent as Einstein.

3. Ice-Skating was easier than I thought it would be.

…………… as difficult as…………

ADJ + (er/more) than / (NEG)+ As..(+ADJ)..As1. The match was more interesting than I expected.

……………as boring as…………

2. The flight wasn’t as long as I thought it would be.

The flight……..

4. The lesson wasn’t as boring as I expected.

The lesson……..

3. Ice-Skating was easier than I thought it would be.

Ice-Skating wasn’t as difficult as I thought it would be.

ADJ + (er/more) than / (NEG)+ As..(+ADJ)..As

1. The match was more interesting than I expected.

The match wasn’t as boring as I expected.

2. The flight wasn’t as long as I thought it would be.

The flight was shorter than I thought it would be.

4. The lesson wasn’t as boring as I expected.

The lesson was more interesting than I expected.

1. Jeddah is not as expensive as Dubai.

……………less expensive than…………

Not As..(+ADJ)..As / Less(+ADJ)Than - ADJ+er

3. English is not as difficult as Maths.

……………less difficult than…………

2. Shakira is nicer than Britney Spears.

Britney Spears is……..

4. Vegetables are healthier than meat.

Meat is……..

1. Jeddah is not as expensive as Dubai.

Jeddah is less expensive than Dubai.

Not As..(+ADJ)..As / Less(+ADJ)Than - ADJ+er

3. English is not as difficult as Maths.

English is less difficult than Maths.

2. Shakira is nicer than Britney Spears.

Britney Spears is not as nice as Shakira.

4. Vegetables are healthier than meat.

Meat is not as healthy as vegetables.

Comparatives, As…As, The Same As, Prefer

14%

Past Simple Present Perfect

Past PerfectNever

The First Time

= 11% of questions

1. Salman has never ridden a bicycle before.

……………the first time…………

3. My wife has never driven a car before.


2. This is the first time I have written a correct sentence.

I have never……..

4. This is the first time you have been polite to me.

You have never……..

Present Perfect + Never / The First Time

1. Salman has never ridden a bicycle before.

It was the first time Salman had ridden a bicycle.

3. My wife has never driven a car before.

It was the first time my wife had driven a car.

2. This is the first time I have written a correct sentence.

I have never written a correct sentence before.

4. This is the first time you have been polite to me.

You have never been polite to me before.

Present Perfect + Never / The First Time

1. I haven’t eaten eggs for ages.

……………been ages since…………

3. My brother hasn’t played golf for weeks.

……………been weeks since…………

2. It’s years since I rode a camel.

I haven’t……..

4. It’s a long time since we listened to music.

We haven’t……..

Present Perfect (NEG) + For / Since + Past Simple

1. I haven’t eaten eggs for ages.

It’s been ages since I ate eggs.

3. My brother hasn’t played golf for weeks.

It’s been weeks since my brother played gold.

2. It’s years since I rode a camel.

I haven’t ridden a camel for years.

4. It’s a long time since we listened to music.

We haven’t listened to music for a long time.

Present Perfect (NEG) + For / Since + Past Simple

1. Faisal passed his driving test 2 years ago.

……………driven for…………

3. I got married 6 months ago.

……………married for…………

2. My friend has been a Muslim for 10 years.

My friend became……..

4. I broke my leg 2 weeks ago.

My leg has……..

Past Simple + Ago / Present Perfect + For

1. Faisal passed his driving test 2 years ago.

Faisal has driven for 2 years.

3. I got married 6 months ago.

I have been married for 6 months.

2. My friend has been a Muslim for 10 years.

My friend became a Muslim 10 years ago.

4. I broke my leg 2 weeks ago.

My leg has been broken for 2 weeks.

Past Simple + Ago / Present Perfect + For

1. I had not ridden a motorbike before.


3. We had never spoken to each other before.


2. It was the first time they had been poor.

They had never……..

4. It was the first time I had driven a Ferrari.

I had never……..

Past Perfect +(Not / Never) +Before / Was + 1st Time

1. I had not ridden a motorbike before.

It was the first time I had ridden a bicycle.

3. We had never spoken to each other before.

It was the first time they had spoken to each other.

2. It was the first time they had been poor.

They had never been poor before.

4. It was the first time I had driven a Ferrari.

I had never driven a Ferrari before.

Past Perfect +(Not / Never) +Before / Was + 1st Time

1. This will be the first time I’ve played cricket.

……………never played…………

2. I have never been to Hawaii before..

This will be…………

3. This will be the first time I’ve used a Mac.

……………never used…………….

4. I have never won a competition..

This will be……..

Will Be + First / Present Perfect / + Never + Before

1. This will be the first time I’ve played cricket.

I have never played cricket before.

2. I have never been to Hawaii before.

This will be the first time I have been to Hawaii.

3. This will be the first time I’ve used a Mac.

I have never used a Mac before.

4. I have never won a competition..

This will be the first time I have won a competition.

Will Be + First / Present Perfect / + Never + Before

Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Never, The 1st Time

25%

Reported to Direct Speech

= 5% of questions

1. The teacher wanted me to do my homework

……………said, “why don’t you…………

3. I wanted my friend to give me a lift.

……………said, “why don’t you…………

2. My friend said, “Why don’t you come tomorrow?”

My friend wanted……..

4. My Mum said, “Why don’t you join Niagara College?”

My Mum wanted……..

Wanted (+OBJ) To / Why Don’t You

1. The teacher wanted me to do my homework

The teacher said, “Why don’t you do your homework?”

3. I wanted my friend to give me a lift.

My friend said, “Why don’t you give me a lift?”

2. My friend said, “Why don’t you come tomorrow?”

My friend wanted me to come tomorrow.

4. My Mum said, “Why don’t you join Niagara College?”

My Mum wanted me to join Niagara College.

Wanted (+OBJ) To / Why Don’t You

1. I asked John if he wanted to go to Jeddah

……………you want to…………

3. I asked Salem if he wanted to eat pizza.

……………you want to…………

2. I asked Jody, “Do you need a pen?”

I asked Jody……..

4. I asked Anwar, “Do you like Hilal?”

I asked Anwar……..

I Asked (+OBJ) If / Do You

1. I asked John if he wanted to go to Jeddah

I asked John, “Do you want to go to Jeddah?”

3. I asked Salem if he wanted to eat pizza.

I asked Salem, “Do you want to eat pizza?”

2. I asked Jody, “Do you need a pen?”

I asked Jody if he needed a pen.

4. I asked Anwar, “Do you like Hilal?”

I asked Anwar if he liked Hilal.

I Asked (+OBJ) If / Do You

1. Omar said he had never tried octopus.

……………I have never…………

3. Marwan said he had never done any homework.

……………I have never…………

2. My father told me, “I have been to Yemen once.”

My father told……..

4. My uncle said, “I have never seen this show before.”

My uncle said……..

Past Perfect / Present Perfect

1. Omar said he had never tried octopus.

Omar said, “I have never tried octopus.”

3. Marwan said he had never done any homework.

Marwan said, “I have never done any homework.”

2. My father told me, “I have been to Yemen once.”

My father told me had been to Yemen once.

4. My uncle said, “I have seen this show before.”

My uncle said he had seen this show before.

Past Perfect / Present Perfect


30%

2nd Conditional

= 4% of questions

1. Why don’t you go to Jeddah for the weekend?

……………would go to Jeddah…………

3. Why don’t you try getting a job?

……………would try getting…………

2. If I were you I would lose some weight.

Why don’t you……..

4. If I were you I would wait a while.

Why don’t you……..

Why Don’t You + Verb / If I Were You + Would + Verb

1. Why don’t you go to Jeddah for the weekend?

If I were you I would go to Jeddah for the weekend.

3. Why don’t you try getting a job?

If I were you I would try getting a job.

2. If I were you I would lose some weight.

Why don’t you lose some weight?

4. If I were you I would wait a while.

Why don’t you wait a while?

Why Don’t You + Verb / If I Were You + Would + Verb

2nd Conditional

34%

Pasive – Active & Active - Passive

= 9% of questions

1. My bag was stolen by the thief.

……………stole my…………

3. They gave us 1000 riyals each.

……………given 1000 riyals…………

2. I was told to come here at 3pm.

My teacher told…………………..

4. My brother’s company sent him to Riyadh.

My brother…………………

Past Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple

1. My bag was stolen by the thief.

The thief stole my bag.

3. They gave us 1000 riyals each.

We were given 1000 riyals each.

2. I was told to come here at 3pm.

My teacher told me to come here at 3pm.

4. My brother’s company sent him to Riyadh.

My brother was sent to Riyadh.

Past Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple

1. The students are given homework every week.

……………teacher gives…………

3. I send money to my wife once a month.

……………sent money…………

2. My mother is driven to the supermarket.

Our driver…………………..

4. I buy milk every other day.

Milk………………………

Present Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple

1. The students are given homework every week.

The teacher gives us homework every week.

3. I send money to my wife once a month.

My wife is sent money once a week.

2. My mother is driven to the supermarket.

Our driver drives our mother to the supermarket.

4. I buy milk every other day.

Milk is bought every other day.

Present Simple Passive + V3 / Past Simple

1. Trash must be put in the bin.

……………must put…………

3. Students must not eat food in the classroom.

……………must not be…………

2. Muslims must not drink alcohol.

Alcohol must…………………..

4. Husbands must gives their wives money.

Wives must………………………

Must in Passive + V3 / Must + Verb

1. Trash must be put in the bin.

Students must put trash in the bin.

3. Students must not eat food in the classroom.

Food must not be eaten in the classroom

2. Muslims must not drink alcohol.

Alcohol must not be drunk by Muslims.

4. Husbands must give their wives money.

Wives must be given money.

Must in Passive + V3 / Must + Verb

Passive - Active & Active - Passive

43%

Opposites & Synonyms

= 9% of questions

1. Driving a car is very easy.

……………is not very…………

3. It’s very easy to cook eggs.

……………is not very…………

2. It’s not very difficult to score goals.

Scoring goals……..

4. The PET test is not very difficult.

The PET test……..

Very + Easy / Not Very + Difficult

1. Driving a car is very easy.

It is not very hard to drive a car.

3. It’s very easy to cook eggs.

Cooking eggs is not very hard.

2. It’s not very difficult to score goals.

Scoring goals is not very difficult.

4. The PET test is not very difficult.

The PET test is very easy.

Very + Easy / Not Very + Difficult

1. My father can teach me how to fish.

……………learn how to…………

3. Documentaries can teach you about History.

……………learn about…………

2. I can learn English from my teacher.

My teacher……………….

4. You can learn about life from your father.

Your father……………………..

Can + Teach / Can + Learn

1. My father can teach me how to fish.

I can learn how to fish from my father.

3. Documentaries can teach you about History.

I can learn about history from documentaries.

2. I can learn English from my teacher.

My teacher can teach me English.

4. You can learn about life from your father.

Your father can teach you about life.

Can + Teach / Can + Learn

1. It costs 6 riyals to buy a burger.

……………spend 6 riyals…………

3. It costs $10,000 to buy a new car.

……………spend $10,000…………

2. I have to spend 3 riyals to get some milk.

It costs……..

4. I have to spend 100,000 riyals to get married.

It costs……..

It Costs / Have to Spend

1. It costs 6 riyals to buy a burger.

I have to spend 6 riyals to buy a burger.

3. It costs $10,000 to buy a new car.

I have to spend $10,000 to buy a new car.

2. I have to spend 3 riyals to get some milk.

It costs 3 riyals to get some milk.

4. I have to spend 100,000 riyals to get married.

It costs 100,000 riyals to get married.

It Costs / Have to Spend

1. My friend has lent me $100.

……………borrowed $100…………

3. Somebody has lent me 100 riyals.

……………borrowed 100 riyals…………

2. I have borrowed a bike from Ahmed.

Ahmed has……..

4. I have borrowed a pen from the teacher.

The teacher has……..

Has lent / Have borrowed

1. My friend has lent me $100.

I have borrowed $100 from my friend.

3. Somebody has lent me 100 riyals.

I have borrowed 100 riyals from somebody.

2. I have borrowed a bike from Ahmed.

Ahmed has lent me a bike.

4. I have borrowed a pen from the teacher.

The teacher has lent me a pen.

Has lent / Have borrowed

1. You like to study by yourself.

……………on your own.

3. I prefer to eat by myself.

……………on my own.

2. I always sleep on my own.

I always……..

4. You never go on your own.

You never……..

By yourself/myself / On your/my own

1. You like to study by yourself.

You like to study on your own.

3. I prefer to eat by myself.

I prefer to eat on my own.

2. I always sleep on your own.

I always sleep by myself.

4. You never go on your own.

You never go by yourself.

By yourself / On your own

1. The students in this class are very noisy.

……………class are too…………

3. It’s very crowded in Taif.

……………is too…………

2. It’s very hot in here today.

It’s……..

4. Russia is very cold.

Russia……..

Very (+NEG) / Too (+NEG)

1. The students in this class are very noisy.

The students in this class are too noisy.

3. It’s very crowded in Taif.

It’s too crowded in Taif.

2. It’s very hot in here today.

It’s too cold in here today.

4. Russia is very cold.

Russia is too cold.

Very (+NEG) / Too (+NEG)

Opposites & Synonyms

52%

Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc

= 7% of questions

1. Most Saudis like Kabsa.

Nearly all…………

3. Most men like to drive cars.

Nearly all men…………

2. Nearly all women like shopping.

Most……..

4. Nearly all the students do their homework.

Most……..

Most / Nearly All

1. Most Saudis like Kabsa.

Nearly all Saudis like Kabsa.

3. Most men like to drive cars.

Nearly all men like to drive cars.

2. Nearly all women like shopping.

Most women like shopping.

4. Nearly all the students do their homework.

Most students do their homework.

Most / Nearly All

1. Only a few of the students like Hilal.

……………not very many students…………

3. There are only a few malls in Taif.

……………not very many malls…………

2. There aren’t very many motorbikes in Taif.

There are only……..

4. Not very many students do exercise.

There are only……..

Only a Few / Not Very Many

1. Only a few of the students like Hilal.

There are not very many students who like Hilal.

3. There are only a few malls in Taif.

There are not very many malls in Taif.

2. There aren’t very many motorbikes in Taif.

There are only a few motorbikes in Taif.

4. Not very many students do exercise.

There are only a few students who do exercise.

Only a Few / Not Very Many

1. It’s too cold to go swimming

……………enough to go…………

3. I think I am too young to get a job.

……………enough to get…………

2. This lesson is too boring.

This lesson is……..

4. My friend said my car is too slow.

My friend said……..

Too (+ADJ) / Not (+ADJ) Enough

1. It’s too cold to go swimming

It’s not warm enough to go swimming.

3. I think I am too young to get a job.

I think I am not old enough to get a job.

2. This lesson is too boring.

This lesson is not interesting enough.

4. My friend said my car is too slow.

My friend said my car is not fast enough.

Too (+ADJ) / Not (+ADJ) Enough

Quantifiers: A Few, Not Many, Most, All etc

59%

Have / Has / Had & There Is / Are / Was / Were

= 7% of questions

1. Every car has four wheels.

……………are four…………

3. My house has five rooms.

……………are five…………

2. There are 20 students in this class.

This class……..

4. All spiders have 6 legs.

There are 6……..

Has / Have / There are

1. Every car has four wheels.

There are four wheels on every car.

3. My house has five rooms.

There are five rooms in my house.

2. There are 20 students in this class.

This class has 20 students.

4. All spiders have 6 legs.

There are 6 legs on every spider.

Has / Have / There are

1. My car has a loud horn.

……………is a loud…………

3. I have a big car in my garage.

……………is a big…………

2. There is a tall tower in Taif.

Taif ……..

4. There are 20 rooms in the college.

The college……..

Has / Have / There is

1. My car has a loud horn.

There is a loud horn in my car.

3. I have a big car in my garage.

There is a big car in my garage.

2. There is a tall tower in Taif.

Taif has a tall tower.

4. There are 20 rooms in the college.

The college has 20 rooms.

Has / Have / There is

1. My car had a loud horn.

……………was a loud…………

3. I had a big car in my garage.

……………was a big…………

2. There was a tall tower in Taif.

Taif ……..

4. There were 20 rooms in the college.

The college……..

Had / There Was / Were

1. My car had a loud horn.

There was a loud horn in my car.

3. I had a big car in my garage.

There was a big car in my garage.

2. There was a tall tower in Taif.

Taif had a tall tower.

4. There were 20 rooms in the college.

The college had 20 rooms.

Had / There Was / Were

Have / Has / Had & There Is / Are / Was / Were

66%

So do I, You, We, TheySo does He / She

= 5% of questions

1. I like football and all my friends do too.

……………football and so…………

3. I hate getting up early and my wife does too.

……………early and so…………

2. My brother enjoys studying and so do I.

I enjoy studying……..

4. I like going to McDonalds and so do my friends.

My friends like going……..

Verb + Do Too / So Do / Does

1. I like football and all my friends do too.

All my friends like football and so do I.

3. I hate getting up early and my wife does too.

My wife hates getting up early and so do I.

2. My brother enjoys studying and so do I.

I enjoy studying and my brother does too.

4. I like going to McDonalds and so do my friends.

My friends like going to McDonalds and so do I.

Verb + Do Too / So Do / Does

1. Both my wife and I enjoy going to the gym.

……………the gym and so…………

3. Both my brother and I like driving fast.

……………driving fast and so…………

2. My friend likes going to the beach and so do I.

Both my friend and……..

4. I love climbing mountains and so does my father.

Both my father and……..

Both + And I / So Do / Does

1. Both my wife and I enjoy going to the gym.

My wife enjoys going to the gym and so do I.

3. Both my brother and I like driving fast.

My brother enjoys driving fast and so do I.


Both my friend and I enjoy going to the beach.


Both my father and I love climbing mountains.

Both + And I / So Do / Does

1. I love going to the gym and my brother loves it too.

……………so…………

3. I enjoy going to college and my friends love it too.

……………so…………


My friend……..


My father……..

Verb + It Too / So Do / Does

1. I love going to the gym and my brother loves it too.

My brother loves going to the gym and so do I.

3. I enjoy going to college and my friends love it too.

My friends enjoy college and so do I.


My friend likes going to the beach and I do too.


My father loves climbing mountains and so do I.

Verb + It Too / So Do / Does

So Do I, You, We, They + So Does He, She

71%

Close To / Far From / Near

= 5% of questions

1. Taif is close to Mecca.

……………far from…………

3. Abdullah’s house is close to Omar’s.


2. Jeddah is not far from Mecca..

Mecca is……..

4. McDonalds is not far from Saudi Post.

Saudi Post is……..

Close To / Not Far From

1. Taif is close to Mecca.

Mecca is not far from Taif.

3. Abdullah’s house is close to Omar’s.

Omar’s house is not far from Abdullah’s.

2. Jeddah is not far from Mecca..

Mecca is close to Jeddah.

4. McDonalds is not far from Saudi Post.

Saudi Post is close to McDonalds.

Close To / Not Far From

1. Jizan is quite near to Yemen.


3. The college is quite near to the city centre.


2. Great Britain isn’t far from France.

Great Britain is……..

4. London isn’t far from Cambridge.

Cambridge is……..

Not Very / Too + Far From / Quite Near

1. Jizan is quite near to Yemen.

Jizan is not far from Yemen.

3. The college is quite near to the city centre.

The college is not far from the city centre.

2. Great Britain isn’t far from France.

Great Britain is quite near to France.

4. London isn’t far from Cambridge.

Cambridge is quite near to London.

Not Very / Too + Far From / Quite Near

Close To / Far / From / Near

76%

Infinitive of Purpose

= 4% of questions

1. I need the eraser for cleaning the board.

……………the eraser to…………

3. King Salman uses his plane for flying abroad.

……………his plane to…………

2. I need my computer to check my emails.

I need my………..

4. My friend uses his car for drifting.

My friend uses………..

For + Verb + ING / To + Verb

1. I need the eraser for cleaning the board.

I need the eraser to the board.

3. King Salman uses his plane for flying abroad.

King Salman uses his plane to fly abroad.

2. I need my computer to check my emails.

I need my computer for checking emails.

4. My friend uses his car for to drift.

My friend uses his car for drifting.

For + Verb + ING / To + Verb

1. Praying is important if you are religious.

……………important to…………

3. Passing the PET is necessary to start the diploma.

……………necessary to…………

2. It’s dangerous to drive too fast.

Driving too……..

4. It’s stupid to not do your homework.

Not doing……..

Verb + ING / It + To + Verb

1. Praying is important if you are religious.

It’s important to pray if you are religious.

3. Passing the PET is necessary to start the diploma.

It’s necessary to pass the PET to start the diploma.

2. It’s dangerous to drive too fast.

Driving too fast is dangerous.

4. It’s stupid to not do your homework.

Not doing your homework is stupid.

Verb + ING / It + To + Verb

Infinitive of Purpose

80%

Indefinite Pronouns: Nothing, Anyone etc

= 4% of questions

1. I spend nothing on Entertainment.

……………spend anything…………

3. It costs nothing to be nice.

……………anything to be…………

2. I don’t do anything at the weekend.

I do……..

4. Getting a plastic bag costs nothing.

It doesn’t……..

Present Simple + Nothing / Don’t / Doesn’t + Anything

1. I spend nothing on entertainment.

I don’t spend anything on entertainment.

3. It costs nothing to be nice.

It doesn’t cost anything to be nice.

2. I don’t do anything at the weekend.

I do nothing at the weekend.

4. Getting a plastic bag costs nothing.

It doesn’t cost anything to get a plastic bag.

Present Simple + Nothing / Don’t / Doesn’t + Anything

1. Everyone in the class likes Al-Baik

……………all of us…………

3. Everyone in my family likes watching TV.

……………all of us…………

2. In Taif, all of us like driving.

Everyone in……..

4. At my fitness club, all of us want to lift weights.

Everyone at my……..

Everyone + Verb / All of Us + Verb + S

1. Everyone in the class likes Al-Baik

In our class, all of us like Al-Baik.

3. Everyone in my family likes watching TV.

In my family, all of us like watching TV.

2. In Taif, all of us like driving.

Everyone in Taif likes driving.

4. At my fitness club, all of us want to lift weights.

Everyone at my fitness club wants to lift weights.

Everyone + Verb / All of Us + Verb + S

Indefinite Pronouns, Nothing, Anyone etc

84%

Unless

= 4% of questions

1. If you don’t try harder, you won’t pass the exam.

……………the exam unless…………

3. If he doesn’t get up early, he won’t be on time.

……………on time unless…………

2. He won’t hit us, unless we say something.

If we……..

4. I won’t help her, unless she asks.

If she……..

If + Don’t / Doesn’t + Won’t / Won’t + Unless

1. If you don’t try harder, you won’t pass the exam.

You won’t pass the exam unless you try harder.

3. If he doesn’t get up early, he won’t be on time.

He won’t be on time unless he gets up early.

2. He won’t hit us, unless we say something.

If we don’t say anything he won’t hit us.

4. I won’t help her, unless she asks.

If she doesn’t ask, I won’t help her.

If + Don’t / Doesn’t + Won’t / Won’t + Unless

1. You can’t borrow my pen unless you say please.

If you don’t…………

3. He can’t go out unless he washes the dishes.

If he doesn’t…………

2. I can get a job if I apply.

If I don’t………..

4. We can go to Malaysia if we work hard enough.

If we don’t………..

Can’t + Unless / Can + If

1. You can’t borrow my pen unless you say please.

If you don’t say please, you can’t borrow my pen.

3. He can’t go out unless he washes the dishes.

If he doesn’t wash the dished, he can’t go out.

2. I can get a job if I apply.

If I don’t apply, I can’t get a job.

4. We can go to Malaysia if we work hard enough.

If we don’t work hard enough, we can’t go to Malaysia.

Can’t + Unless / Can + If

Unless

88%

What About + ING, Shall We

= 4% of questions

1. What about having lunch now.

……………have lunch…………

3. What about going for a drive.

……………go for…………

2. Shall we go to your house?.

What about……..

4. Shall we listen to some music?

What about……..

What About + V + ING / Shall We + Infinitive

1. What about having lunch now?

Shall we have lunch now?

3. What about going for a drive.

Shall we go for a drive?

2. Shall we go to your house?

What about going to our house?

4. Shall we listen to some music?

What about listening to some music?

What About + V + ING / Shall We + Infinitive

92%

Have v Got

= 2% of questions

1. He doesn’t have any idea.

……………got any…………

3. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.

……………got any…………

2. I haven’t got a blue car.

I don’t……..

4. She hasn’t got a wedding ring on her finger.

She doesn’t……..

Doesn’t / Don’t Have / Hasn’t / Haven’t Got

1. He doesn’t have any idea.

He hasn’t got any idea.

3. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.

I haven’t got any brothers or sisters.

2. I haven’t got a blue car.

I don’t have a blue car.

4. She hasn’t got a wedding ring on her finger.

She doesn’t have a wedding ring on her finger.

Doesn’t / Don’t Have / Hasn’t / Haven’t Got

Have v Got

94%

During v While

= 2% of questions

1. I will go to the beach while I’m in Jeddah.

During my stay…………

3. While my brother’s here, he will go to the museum.

………….to the museum during…………

2. During my stay in Riyadh, I will go to the desert.

I will go to……..

4. I will go ice-skating during my stay in Taif.

During my stay……..

While + In / Here / During + Stay

1. I will go to the beach while I’m in Jeddah.

During my stay in Jeddah, I’ll go to the beach.

3. While my brother’s here, he will go to the museum.

My brother will go to the museum during his stay here.

2. During my stay in Riyadh, I will go to the desert.

I will go to the desert while I’m in Riyadh.

4. I will go ice-skating during my stay in Taif.

During my stay in Taif, I’ll go ice-skating.

While + In / Here / During + Stay

During v While

96%

Negative Infinitives

= 2% of questions

1. It’s important to study hard.

……………important not…………

3. It’s a good idea to remember to go to the dentist.

……………a good idea not…………

2. It’s nice to not be sad.

It’s nice……..

4. It’s boring to stay in?

It’s not……..

To + Infinitive / Not To + infinitive

1. It’s important to study hard.

It’s important not to be lazy.

3. It’s a good idea to remember to go to the dentist.

It’s a good idea not to forget to go to the dentist.

2. It’s nice to not be sad.

It’s nice to be happy.

4. It’s boring to stay in.

It’s not interesting to stay in.

To + Infinitive / Not To + infinitive

Negative Infinitives

98%

Other

= 2% of questions

1. I asked one of my friends to help me fix my car.

……………a friend of mine…………

3. I heard one of our friends was arrested by the police.

……………a friend of ours…………

2. A friend of mine broke his leg yesterday.

One of……..

4. A friend of ours crashed his car into that tree.

One of……..

One of My / Our Friends / A Friend of Mine / Ours

1. I asked one of my friends to help me fix my car.

I asked a friend of mine to help me fix my car.

3. I heard one of our friends was arrested by the police.

I heard a friend of ours was arrested by the police.

2. A friend of mine broke his leg yesterday.

One of my friends broke his leg yesterday.

4. A friend of ours crashed his car into that tree.

One of our friends crashed his car into that tree.

One of My / Our Friends / A Friend of Mine / Ours

1. I love cycling in the mountains.

……………keen on cycling…………

3. My brother likes being by himself.

……………keen on being…………

2. I am keen on collecting stamps.

I……..

4. My wife is keen on making her own clothes.

My wife……..

Love / Like / Enjoy / Keen on

1. I love cycling in the mountains.

I am keen on cycling in the mountains.

3. My brother likes being by himself.

My brother is keen on being by himself.

2. I am keen on collecting stamps.

I enjoy collecting stamps.

4. My wife is keen on making her own clothes.

My wife loves making her own clothes.

Love / Like / Enjoy / Keen on

1. I spend 10 minutes walking to work.

……….…….takes me 10 minutes……………..

3. I can run around the college in 5 minutes.

.............................................takes me 5 minutes………………

2. I will finish my project after another 5 days.

It will …………………

4. I am going to drive to Riyadh in about 10 hours.

It is going to……………….

# Minutes / Hours / Days etc / Take

1. I spend 10 minutes walking to work.

It takes me 10 minutes to walk to work.

3. I can run around the college in 5 minutes.

It takes me 5 minutes to run around the college.

2. I will finish my project after another 5 days.

It will take me another 5 days to finish my project.

4. I am going to drive to Riyadh in about 10 hours.

It is going to take about 10 hours to drive to Riyadh.

# Minutes / Hours / Days etc / Take

1. The students can drink water in the class.

……………possible for the students…………

3. I can’t drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.

……………not possible for me…………

2. It’s possible to finish 5 minutes early today.

We can……..

4. It’s not possible to finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!

We can’t……..

Can / Can’t / It Is (not) Possible

1. The students can drink water in the class.

It is possible for the students to drink water in the class.

3. I can’t drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.

It is not possible for me to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia.

2. It’s possible to finish 5 minutes early today.

We can finish 5 minutes early today.

4. It’s not possible to finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!

We can’t finish 5 minutes early today. Sorry!

Can / Can’t / It Is (not) Possible

Other

100% (not really)

Grammar Explanations

Zero ConditionalWe can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs

It will always happen (not one particular situation).

The 'if' can usually be replaced by 'when'

If people eat too much

If + present simple, .... present simple.

they get fat.

you get burned.

they don't eat.

you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

they are scared

they cryIf babies are hungry

Snakes bite if

You get water if

People die if

If you touch a fire

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple.html

Zero Conditional

If people don’t eat enough…

If you are thirsty…

People smile if…

You get money if…

People die if…

If you touch an angry dog…

1st Conditionalpresent simple after 'if', then the future simple:

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

something which might happen in the future

tell him.

First vs. Zero Conditional:The first conditional describes a real situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.

If it rains, I won't go to the park.

If I feel OK, I'll go to the party tonight.

If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

I'll be late if

the train is delayed.She'll miss the bus if

I don't leave soon.

If I see Ibrahim, I'll



http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/future-simple.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/future-simple.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html

1st Conditional

If it rains, I won't

If I feel OK, I'll

If I have enough money, I'll

I'll be late if

She'll miss the bus if

If I see Ibrahim, I'll

uses past simple after if, then 'would' & the infinitive:

if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

It has two uses:

1. In the future - probably won’t happen. Using imagination.

buy a big house.

say hello.

travel all over the world

If I met King Salman, I would

My brother would

If I won 1 million dollars, I would

if he were rich.

2nd Conditional

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html

It has two uses:

2. something in the present which is impossible (not true)

check my email.

drive more slowly.If I were you, I would

If I had an internet connection, I would

2nd Conditional

uses past simple after if, then 'would' & the infinitive:


http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html

If I found… , I would

My brother would….

If I lost my phone I would…

if he wasn’t busy.

If I were you, I would…

If I had… internet connection, I would

3rd Conditionalpast perfect after 'if' & 'would have' & V3 in the 2nd part of the sentence:

if + past perfect, ...would + have + V3

It describes a situation that didn't happen (past) - imagining what might have happened

left the house at nine

If he had studied, he would have passed the exam

If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick.

If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier

She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university

He would have been on time for the interview if he had

Had + V3

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect.html

3rd Conditional

If he had been careful, he wouldn’t have…

If I hadn't been so tired, I would have…

If we had flown a taxi, we would have…

She wouldn't have been angry if I had…

He would have become a policeman if he had…

He wouldn’t have been late if he had…

Conditionals Review


If + present simple, .... present simple.

if + past perfect, ...would + have + V3

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

In the future - probably won’t happen. Using imagination.

Something in the present which is impossible (not true)

It describes a situation that didn't happen (past) - imagining what might have happened

It will always happen (not one particular situation).

Something which might happen in the future

Present Perfect (form)

• Have + V3 (regular verb = +ed)

• I’ve opened the door.• I haven’t opened the door.• Have you opened the door?

• I’ve seen ‘Titanic’.• I haven’t seen ‘Titanic’.• Have you seen ‘Titanic’?

He / She / It

HasHe’sShe’s

It’s

Present Perfect (use)

1. Recent Past (happened not long ago)

2. Past Experience (did you try this / go there / do that etc. in your life?)

3. Started in the past, not finished

4. Happened in the past, important now

• She’s been to Jamaica.

• He’s waited there since 2pm.

• I’ve just finished my homework.

• He’s already had his lunch.

• She’s eaten octopus.

• I’ve broken my leg. (I can’t walk)

• I’ve studied English for 7 years.

• I’ve spoken to my mother. (she’s angry)

Present Perfect (used with)

Yet

SinceFor

Already

Just

The first time

NeverBefore

Past Perfect (form)

• Had + V3 (regular verb = +ed)

• When I arrived, the lesson had started.• When I arrived, the lesson hadn’t started.• Had the lesson started when you arrived?

• I’d eaten my lunch, so I wasn’t hungry.• I hadn’t eaten my lunch, so I was hungry.• Had you eaten your lunch?

Past Perfect (use)

1. Completed action before something else in the past

2. To explain or give a reason for something else in the past

3. Something started in the past, and continues up to another action in the past (stative only).

4. As part of the 3rd Conditional

• I hadn’t been to the USA before. I visited New York.

• I had studied hard, so I passed the exam.

• I had lived in Taif for 5 years when I met my wife.

• As I opened the fridge, I found that somebody had eaten all the food.

• When I got home, I realised I had forgotten my keys.

• When I had arrived, the lesson had started.

• It was white outside. It had snowed during the night.

• It had rained all summer, so the grass was very green.

Past Perfect (used with)

Arrived

RealisedSaw

Already

All

When

FoundDuring

GotSo

Before

Reported to Direct SpeechShe said, "I can see him." (direct speech) = She said that she could see him. (reported speech)

She said, "I always go shopping on Tuesday." (direct speech) = She said that she always goes shopping on Tuesday. (reported speech)

She said, "I went to the park yesterday." (direct speech) = She said that she went to the park yesterday. (reported speech)= She said that she had been to the park yesterday. (reported speech)

Often direct speech goes 1 step back in time when reported

We use verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask’

We may use 'that' (but possible without).

Speech marks “ “ are not used in reported speech.

Reported to Direct Speech‘SAY’ & ‘TELL’

‘Say’ = no indirect object: He said that he was tired.

‘Tell’ = when you say who was being spoken to:He told me that he was tired.

‘TALK’ & ‘SPEAK’

the action of communicating: He talked to us.She was speaking on the telephone.

with ‘about’ to refer to what was said:He talked (to us) about his parents.

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present simple ”I � like ice cream.”�She said (that) she liked ice cream. (likes ice cream)

present continuous

�“I am living in London.”�

She said (that) she was living in London. (is living)

past simple ”I � bought a car.”�She said (that) she had bought a car. OR She said (that) she bought a car.

past continuous ”I � was walking along the street.”�

She said (that) she had been walking along the street. (was walking)

present perfect ”I � haven't seen Julie.”�She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie. (hasn’t seen)


past perfect ”I � had taken English lessons before.”�

She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.

will ”I� 'll see you later.”�She said (that) she would see me later. (will see)

would ”I � would help, but.” � She said (that) she would help but...

can ”I � can speak perfect English.”�

She said (that) she could speak perfect English. (can)

could ”I � could swim when I was four.”�

She said (that) she could swim when she was four.


shall ”I � shall come later.”� She said (that) she would come later.

should ”I � should call my mother.” �

She said (that) she should call her mother.

might "I might be late."She said (that) she might be late.

must "I must study at the weekend."

She said (that) she must study at the weekend. OR She said she had to study at the weekend.

need “I need to go to the bathroom.”

She said (that) she needed to go to the bathroom. (needs to)


In the exam, it’s better to move the tense back one step

except for past perfect, would, should, could & might

(when something is still true in the present we don’t need to)

Jody said, “we need to wear our uniforms.”

The teacher said, “stand up!”

I said, “I like to go surfing.”

My brother said, “I haven’t got any money.”

My brother said, “I could take his car.”

My friend said, “I’m sorry, I can’t drive.”

My sister said, “I lost my bag.”

Ahmed said, “I am tidying up my room.”

Said or Told (+ object pronoun)

Reported ‘Wh’ Questions

Direct Question Reported Question

“Where � is the Post Office, please?”� She asked me where the Post Office was. (is)

”What � are you doing?”� She asked me what I was doing.

”Who � was that fantastic man?”� She asked me who that fantastic man had been. (was)

“Where do you live?" She asked me where I lived. (live)

Jody said, “Where is your uniform?”

The teacher said, “How can I get you to stand up?”

I said, “How often do you go surfing?”

My brother said, “Where do you keep your money?”

My brother said, “How fast is my car?

My friend said, “When did you pass your test?”

My sister said, “Where did I leave my bag?”

Ahmed said, “Who made that mess in my room.”

Reported ‘Yes/No’ Questions

Direct Question Reported Question

"Do you like chocolate?" She asked me if I liked chocolate.

”Do you � love me?”� He asked me if I loved him.

“Have you � ever been to Mexico?”� She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.

“ �Are you living here?”� She asked me if I was living here.

Jody said, “Are you wearing your uniform?”

The teacher said, “Would you please stand up?”

I said, “Do you like to go surfing?”

My brother said, “Have you got any money?”

My brother said, “Do you want to take my car?

My friend said, “Can you drive?”

My sister said, “Have you seen my bag?”

Ahmed said, “Can you help me tidy up my room.”

Reported Requests

Direct Request Reported Request

Please � help me.� She asked me to help her.

Please � don't smoke.� She asked me not to smoke.

Could you � bring my book tonight? � She asked me to bring her book that night.

Could you � pass the milk, please? � She asked me to pass the milk.

Would you mind � coming early tomorrow?�

She asked me to come early the next day.

“Give me that pen!?

“Get out of the car now!”

“Could you lend me some money?”

“Don’t drive crazily, I’m scared.”

“Drink your milk!

“Tell him to shut up!”

“Would you open the door please!”

“Don’t say anything to her!”

Reported Time ExpressionsIt's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today."

now then / at that time

today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June

yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December

last night the night before, Thursday night

last week the week before / the previous week

tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

If I tell someone on Monday,

I say "Julie said she was leaving today."

If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday."

If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday."

If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day."

Passive (form)

• To Be + V3 (regular verb = +ed)

• The test was marked.• The test wasn’t marked.• Was the test marked?

• The car was stolen.• The car wasn’t stolen.• Was the car stolen?

Passive (form)

• To Be + V3 (regular verb = +ed)

• The car was stolen.• We were told to stand up.• The tests are marked.• The class is cleaned every day.• Seat belts must be worn.• The decision has been made.• The tasks are being completed.

Passive (use)

1. Who are what did something is unknown or not important.

2. We want to change the focus of a sentence.

3. To put new information at the end of the sentence (sounds better).

4. There are some others, but you don’t need them right now.

• The car was driven by Ibrahim.

• The homework must be completed.

• The keys were moved.

• The food is always eaten by Salman.

• The TV was switched on by Anwar.

• The money was stolen.

• The board is cleaned by Faisal.

• The car was crashed.

Passive to Active

• The car was stolen.• We were told to stand up.• The tests are marked.• The class is cleaned every day.• Seat belts must be worn.• The decision has been made.• The tasks are being completed.

Passive to Active

• Somebody stole the car.• The teacher told us to stand up.• The teachers mark the tests.• The cleaners clean the class every day.• Drivers must wear seat belts.• The manager made his decision.• The students are completing the tasks.

Active to Passive

• The man took the bag.• The teacher told them to be quiet.• The cooks cook the food.• The accountant counts the money.• Students must wear a uniform.• The boss has asked me to leave.• My team is winning the game.

Active to Passive

• The bag was taken (by the man).• They were told to be quiet (by the teacher).• The food was cooked (by the cooks).• The money was counted (by the accountant).• Uniforms must be worn (by the students).• I was asked to leave (by the boss).• The game is being won (by my team).

PET Writing Part 1 Transformations complete the 2 nd sentence using 1,2 or 3 words only Spelling has to be perfect!

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