Pests & Pesticides Pests & Pesticides ES 302 - Ch 3 ES 302 - Ch 3 Please take out your study guide Please take out your study guide
Dec 24, 2015
Pests & PesticidesPests & Pesticides
ES 302 - Ch 3 ES 302 - Ch 3
Please take out your study guidePlease take out your study guide
GMOs can help us use LESS pesticide…
……or sometimes MORE!or sometimes MORE!
The Pesticide The Pesticide Treadmill:Treadmill:
What’s a What’s a pestpest?? Organisms that occur Organisms that occur wherewhere & & when when
they’re not wanted they’re not wanted Injures humans/animals/crops/structuresInjures humans/animals/crops/structures Competes for food/waterCompetes for food/water Spreads diseaseSpreads disease
NOT all pests are insects!NOT all pests are insects! 7/8 insects are NOT pests7/8 insects are NOT pests
Write one observation for each pest explored!Write one observation for each pest explored!
PesticidesPesticides
Any substance/mixture/device to prevent, Any substance/mixture/device to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pestdestroy, repel or mitigate any pest
““plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Lawplant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law
Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicidesnematicides, herbicides
Designed to Kill – which are pesticides?Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in
your pool, pheromonesyour pool, pheromones
Types of PesticidesTypes of Pesticides Chemical PesticidesChemical Pesticides
FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochloridesorganochlorides
BiopesticidesBiopesticides FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants
(transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs)predatory insects (ladybugs)
Pest control devicesPest control devices FYI: traps, sticky paper, black lightFYI: traps, sticky paper, black light
Pros & Cons of Pros & Cons of Chemical PesticidesChemical Pesticides
Pros & Cons - ChemicalPros & Cons - Chemical
ProsPros Preserve crops Preserve crops
During growthDuring growth
During storageDuring storage
Improves cropsImproves crops Quality of cropsQuality of crops
Quantity of cropsQuantity of crops
Prevents diseasePrevents disease
ConsCons Might kill other organisms Might kill other organisms
(7/8 insects are not (7/8 insects are not pests; some beneficial)pests; some beneficial) ““broad-spectrum” vs. broad-spectrum” vs.
selectiveselective
Superbugs
Some are persistent Some are persistent
Can be toxic Can be toxic
Developing Resistance
See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?
PersistencePersistence
Why is it good? Why is it good? Why is it bad?Why is it bad? How does it happen?How does it happen?
Carried by wind and water, remains in soilEasily dissolve in fat,
stored
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU
Biomagnification/BioaccumulationBiomagnification/Bioaccumulation
Concentration Concentration of pesticide of pesticide increases as increases as you move up you move up the food chainthe food chain
How does this How does this relate to the relate to the Rule of 10%?Rule of 10%?
http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxqDaTUh08o - - animationanimation
Pesticides and ADHD
http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-17/health/pesticides.adhd_1_pesticide-exposure-organophosphates-fruits-and-vegetables/2?_s=PM:HEALTHhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/Gabby+Jhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC6FcurW40g – today show
Correlation vs. causationCorrelation vs. causation
DDTDDT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UiCSvQvVys– DDT (5:45)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU – chlordane persistent (1:44)– sprayed on children (0:31)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y-6hm7zpps – Rachel Carson (0:36)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2EtxYxEKww- spraying on people
dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide
Persistence and Biomagnification
Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples
Used extensively in WWII
Thin eagle shells
Alternatives to chemicalsAlternatives to chemicals
Biological PesticidesBiological Pesticides
AndAnd
Changing Farming PracticesChanging Farming Practices
Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus
Chemicals from plants Chemicals from plants
Release predatory organismsRelease predatory organisms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs
Prevent Breeding / Birth Control Prevent Breeding / Birth Control
Plant companion cropsPlant companion crops
Crop RotationCrop Rotation
IPMIPM
Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management “…“…the coordinated use of pest and the coordinated use of pest and
environmental information with available environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPAthe environment.” - EPA
AKA: common senseAKA: common sense
Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management includes...includes...
1.1. Biological pest controlBiological pest control
2.2. Mix of farming practicesMix of farming practices
3.3. Chemical pesticidesChemical pesticides
If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?everyone use it?
Steps of IPMSteps of IPM
1.1. INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE
2.2. IDENTIFY AND LEARNIDENTIFY AND LEARN
3.3. MONITORMONITOR
4.4. IS IT WORTH IT? IS IT WORTH IT?
5.5. CHOOSE CONTROL METHODSCHOOSE CONTROL METHODS
6.6. EVALUATEEVALUATE
Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+Jhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+J http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowershttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowers
SuperbugsSuperbugs http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+Hhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+H http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+Shttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+S
ADHD, allergiesADHD, allergies http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevrehttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevre http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Munhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Mun http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+Thttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+T
BiopesticidesBiopesticides http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+bhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+b http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinRhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinR