Pesticide Regulation in Thailand Saran Watanatada Department of Agriculture
Regulations
1. The government of Thailand enacted the Poisonous Article Act B.E. 2510 in 1967 for control of pesticide.
2. Replaced by the Hazardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 (1992), effective since April 7, 1992.
3. Currently - the Hazardous Substance Act (No. 3) B.E. 2551 (2008), effective since 26 February, 2008.
1967 Poisonous Article Act B.E. 2510 replace by
1992 Hazardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 2001 Hazardous Substance Act (No.2) B.E. 2544 2008 Hazardous Substance Act (No.3) B.E. 2551
REGULATION SYSTEM
All hazardous substances in agriculture,
industry, public health and others, are
regulated under the Hazardous
Substance Act.
The Hazardous Substance Committee is the
main committee to set up policies and
collaborate implementation of the Hazardous
Substance Act
Among responsible agencies (Agriculture,
Industry, Public Health, etc.).
The Department of Agriculture (DOA) is the responsible
agency to regulate hazardous substances used in crop
production.
1. Insecticide
2. Fungicide
3. Herbicide
4. Rodenticide
5. Acaricide
6. Molluscicide
7. Nematicide
8. Plant growth regulator
Pesticide registration is approved by Sub-committee for consideration of pesticide registration, chaired by Director-General, Department of Agriculture.
The hazardous substances are classified into 4 types according to the needs for control.
Type 1 the production, import, export or possession must be complied with the specified criteria and procedures; no need to apply for a registration or license
Type 2 production, import, export or possession must be notified to authorities; production and import must be registered; no need to apply for license
Type 3
production, import, export or possession must be applied for license; production and import must be registered
Type 4 production, import, export or having in possession are prohibited (banned pesticides)
- At present, no hazardous substances used in agriculture are classified as type I - Most of them are classified as type III - Only some low toxic pesticides as well as some
bio-pesticides e.g.
: neem extract : Bacillus thuringiensis : Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) : nematodes
: white oil are classified as Type II
1. Registration 1. Risk/Benefit Assessment process to
select pesticide for use
2. There are two types of registration.
- import registration
- production registration
There are 3 phases of registration:
1. Trials clearance
2. Provisional or Demonstration clearance
3. Full Registration
Registration Steps Trials Clearance
(Approval 3-6 months)
Provisional Clearance (Approval 1 years)
Full Registration (Approval 1 years)
Duration of Registration Certificate 6 Years
Trials clearance
• efficacy test (2 seasons or 2 locations)
• acute toxicity
• sample is allowed to be imported for – efficacy test
– quality analysis.
Provisional or Demonstration clearance
• demonstrate efficacy test in farmers’ field
• sub-chronic toxicity and effects to the ecosystem.
Full Registration
• to make decision whether the pesticide is accepted for use or not
• this step requires result of assessment of chronic toxicity including data from 2-year feeding study in test animal
• efficacy test result and quality analysis result.
Data requirements for pesticide registration
• Adopted from FAO Guidelines for Pesticide Registration.
• Information relating to toxicity of technical grade material and finished product
• Must be generated by the GLP Certified Laboratory according to OECD standard
Toxicological data on the technical grade material
1. Acute oral toxicity 2. Acute dermal toxicity 3. Inhalation toxicity 4. Skin irritation 5. Eye irritation 6. Skin or dermal sensitization 7. Sub-acute studies 8. Teratology / reproductive studies 9. Mutagenicity studies 10. Chronic studies (2 years) 11. Residue data 12. Effects on the environment and wildlife
Toxicological data on the finished product
1. Acute oral toxicity
2. Acute dermal toxicity
3. Inhalation toxicity
4. Skin irritation
5. Eye irritation
6. Skin or dermal sensitization
7. Precaution for usage and storage
8. Diagnosis of poisoning, specific signs of poisoning, clinical tests
9. First aid measure
10. Medical treatment
Special requirements under new regulations
• Letter of authorization from manufacturer/sponsor giving permission to the registrant to use data for registration.
• Registration and/or license certificate in manufacturing country.
If 4 components have been accepted by concerned agencies:
1. Efficacy test result
2. Toxicological data assessment result
3. Quality analysis result
4. Residue data assessment result
The Registration Sub-Committee shall approve and certificate for registration shall be issued.
Efficacy report
Residue report
Tox approval
Sample analysis result
Registration committee
(Approve registration & draft label)
Issuing Registration Certificate
Validity of Registration
- Before Hazardous Substance Act No. 3 2551 (2008), registration has no expiry date.
- Nowadays, registration certificate valid for 6 years and can be extended.
2. Licensing – the control measure after registration.
- import
- production
- export
- having in possession
IMPORT LICENSE
Before issuing import license, it is needed to check accordingly:
• - Storage site - Registration Certificate (Import) - Proforma Invoice - Certificate of Analysis
Before issuing production license, it is needed to check accordingly:
- Production/ Storage site - Machines & instruments - Safety measure/accident prevention - Waste management/Pollution control - Registration Certificate (Production) - Label/Container
PRODUCTION LICENSE
Before issuing export license, it is needed to check accordingly:
- Registration Certificate (Import or production)
- Registration Certificate in the country
of destination
- Certificate of Analysis
EXPORT LICENSE
Before issuing possession license, it is needed to check accordingly:
- location - Shelving - Transportation - Safety measure/accident
prevention - Certificate on training for sale
supervisor arranged by DOA - Provide sale supervisor who has attended
the training programs on hazardous substance trained by the Department of Agriculture
POSSESSION LICENSE
3. Monitoring
– the control measure for ensuring quality of pesticide to comply with registration
- standard by taking sample for analysis at
- port of entry
- production factory
- market
Monitoring
1. Import - Taking sample for analysis, result
must comply with registration standard before clearance
- Check packaging - Check label
2.Production
- Taking sample for analysis
- check packaging
- check label
- inspect storage condition
Monitoring
3. Marketing
- Check registration number on label
- Taking sample for analysis
- Check packaging size to comply with registration certificate
- Check container condition (leakage/distorted/deformed)
- label (Thai language only)
Monitoring
year ton Million US (1 U$$ = 35 baht)
2010 117,776 560
2011 164,538 689
2012 134,480 605
2013 172,673 761
2014 147,269 633
2015 149,458 551
Import statistic (ton)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
herbicide
insecticide
fungicide
year ton Million US (1 U$$ = 35 baht)
glyphosate-isopropylammonium 58,078 88
paraquat dichloride 30,440 76
2,4-D dimethyl ammonium 5,929 10
Ametryn 3,990 16
atrazine 3,983 14
country ton Million US (1 U$$ = 35 baht)
China 110,650 275
India 8,471 51
Malaysia 7,682 17
Taiwan 5,380 14
Israel 4,341 24
Indonesia 2,614 17