Pesticide Illness Pesticide Illness Part 4 Part 4 Chronic Health Effects Chronic Health Effects Laws and Regulations Laws and Regulations Prepared by: Rupali Das, MD, MPH, California Department of Health Services, Michael O’Malley, MD, MPH, University of California, Davis, Laura Styles, MPH, Public Health Institute
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Pesticide Illness Part 4 Chronic Health Effects Laws and Regulations Prepared by: Rupali Das, MD, MPH, California Department of Health Services, Michael.
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Pesticide IllnessPesticide Illness
Part 4Part 4
Chronic Health EffectsChronic Health Effects
Laws and RegulationsLaws and Regulations
Prepared by:
Rupali Das, MD, MPH, California Department of Health Services, Michael O’Malley, MD, MPH, University of California, Davis, Laura Styles, MPH, Public Health Institute
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PesticidesPesticidesChronic Health EffectsChronic Health Effects
Respiratory (asthma)Respiratory (asthma)Neurological Neurological Reproductive and DevelopmentalReproductive and DevelopmentalCarcinogenicCarcinogenic
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Chronic Toxicity of PesticidesChronic Toxicity of Pesticides
Types of chronic effectsTypes of chronic effects
– Cumulative effects of low level Cumulative effects of low level exposuresexposures
– Persistent effects of acute exposurePersistent effects of acute exposure
Individual evaluationsIndividual evaluations
– Epidemiologic studies Epidemiologic studies
– Specific associationsSpecific associations
– Classification of reproductive, cancer Classification of reproductive, cancer toxicitytoxicity
•34 year-old woman with spontaneous abortion at 17 weeks gestation
•Smokes ½ pack/day; occasional home pesticide use; 2 healthy children
•Fetal pathology: one stub for leg, shortened umbilical cord, no genitals.
CaseCase
WWoman with Spontaneousoman with Spontaneous AbortionAbortion
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Woman with SpontaneousWoman with Spontaneous AbortionAbortion Occupational HistoryOccupational History
Seasonal worker in Seasonal worker in seed-retailing seed-retailing
Became pregnant Became pregnant one month after one month after starting work. starting work.
Husband is a postal Husband is a postal workerworker
1919
Woman with SpontaneousWoman with Spontaneous AbortionAbortion Maternal Exposure HistoryMaternal Exposure History
OccupationalOccupational– Captan: animal teratogenCaptan: animal teratogen– Carboxin: growth suppression, high dosesCarboxin: growth suppression, high doses– Chlorpyrifos: no evidenceChlorpyrifos: no evidence– Methoxychlor: teratogen; estrogenicMethoxychlor: teratogen; estrogenic– Thiram: reduced growth at high dosesThiram: reduced growth at high doses
Home Home – Permethrin: reduced fertility, high dosesPermethrin: reduced fertility, high doses
2020
Pesticides and CancerPesticides and Cancer
Animal dataAnimal data
– High dose laboratory studiesHigh dose laboratory studies
Human dataHuman data
– Epidemiological studiesEpidemiological studies
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Postulated Mechanisms ofPostulated Mechanisms of Pesticide CarcinogenicityPesticide Carcinogenicity
Human Pesticide Cancer Studies: Human Pesticide Cancer Studies: Methodological IssuesMethodological Issues
Case definition may not be preciseCase definition may not be precise Recall biasRecall bias Small samplesSmall samples Crude exposure assessmentCrude exposure assessment Timing of exposure cannot be Timing of exposure cannot be
Preventing illnessPreventing illness– Targeted use reductionTargeted use reduction– Worker protectionWorker protection– Reduced home useReduced home use
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Pesticide Laws and RegulationsPesticide Laws and Regulations
FederalFederal– Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (1972)Rodenticide Act (1972)– Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(1939)(1939)– Worker Protection Standard (1992) Worker Protection Standard (1992) – Food Quality Protection Act (1996)Food Quality Protection Act (1996)
State laws varyState laws vary
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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Control of distribution, sale, use Control of distribution, sale, use Gives US EPA authority to Gives US EPA authority to
Hazard training and communication, Hazard training and communication, decontamination facilities, decontamination facilities, notification, emergency medical notification, emergency medical carecare