1 Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA [email protected]Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services
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Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services
Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services. Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Randy H. KatzThe United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor
Computer Science Division, EECS DepartmentUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
– Beyond traditional “call processing” model: client-proxy-server plus application-level partitioning
– New business model emerging: tension between traditional “managed” networks and services vs. “overlays” on top and services outside
– Composition via cooperation or brokering to achieve enhanced performance and reliability
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Presentation Outline
• Inevitability of Heterogeneity• Service Composition via Cooperation,
Brokering, Peering, Overlays• An Approach to a New Service Architecture• A New Pervasive Networking Research
Agenda
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Presentation Outline
• Inevitability of Heterogeneity• Service Composition via Cooperation,
Brokering, Peering, Overlays• An Approach to a New Service Architecture• A New Research Agenda
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Automobiles663 Million
Telephones1.5 Billion
Electronic Chips30 Billion
X-Internet
“X-Internet” Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
93Million
407 Million
Internet Computers
Internet UsersToday’s Internet
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“X-Internet” Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
0
5000
10000
1500020
01
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Millions
Year
XInternet
PCInternet
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Shape of Things Now:Ever More Sophisticated
Phones
Siemens SL45i Ericsson T68
• Phone w/voice command, voice dialing, intelligent text for short msgs
• MP3 player + headset, digital voice recorder
• “Mobile Internet” with a built-in WAP Browser
• Java-enabled, over the air programmable
• Bluetooth + GPRS• Enhanced displays +
embedded cameras
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Shape of Things Now:New Converged Products• Phone + Messenger + PDA Combinations
– E.g., Blackberry 5810 Wireless Phone/Handheld» Integration of PDA + Telephone» PLUS Gateway to Internet and Enterprise
applications» 1900 MHz GSM/GPRS (Euroversion at 900 Mhz)» SMS Messaging, Internet access» QWERTY Keyboard, 20 line display» JAVA applications capable» 8 MB flash + 1 MB SRAM
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Locator Systems = GPS + 2-Way Messaging
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Shape of Things to Come: Sensor Networks
• Embedded processing, time synchronization mechanisms, real-time event handling, multihop network routing, application development tools and environments
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Environmental Sensing:Sensor-to-Remote
Researcher
• Great Duck Island– Remote investigation of microhabitats– David Culler, Alan Mainwaring, Intel Berkeley Laboratories
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Devices in the eXtreme
Evolution
Information Appliances:Scaled down desktops,e.g., CarPC, PdaPC, etc.
Evolved DesktopsServers:
Scaled-up Desktops,Millennium
Revolution
Information Appliances:Many computers per person,
MEMs, CCDs, LCDs, connectivity
Servers: Integrated withcomms infrastructure;Lots of computing in
small footprint
Display
Keyboard Disk
Mem
Proc
PC Evolution
Display DisplayCamera
Smart
Sensors
Camera
Smart Spaces
ComputingRevolutionWAN
Server, Mem, Disk
InformationUtility
BANG!Display
Mem
Disk
Proc
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Pervasive Computing = “Convergence”
Via Services in the Network• Not just about gadgets or access
technologies, which are becoming ever more diverse
• But services and applications, and how the net can best support them anywhere, anytime
• Bottlenecks are near the edge, not the core• Enabled by:
– Computing embedded in communications fabric: distributed, wide-area, topology-aware
– Per session characterization, processing, prioritization, monitoring, management, billing
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Presentation Outline
• Inevitability of Heterogeneity• Service Composition via Cooperation,
Brokering, Peering, Overlays• An Approach to a New Service Architecture• A New Research Agenda
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AccessNetworks
Core Networks
Putting it Together: Connectivity and Processing
Transit Net
Transit Net
Transit Net
PrivatePeering
NAPPublic
Peering
InternetDatacenter
PSTNRegionalWirelineRegionalVoiceVoice
CellCell
Cell
CableModem
LANLANLAN
Premises-based
WLANWLANWLAN
Premises-based
Operator-based
H.323Data
Data
RAS
Analog
DSLAM
H.323
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Multi-Party Administered World: Agile or Fragile?
• Baltimore Tunnel Fire, 18 July 2001– “… The fire also damaged fiber optic cables, slowing Internet
service across the country, …”– “… Keynote Systems … says the July 19 Internet slowdown was
not caused by the spreading of Code Red. Rather, a train wreck in a Baltimore tunnel that knocked out a major UUNet cable caused it.”
– “PSINet, Verizon, WorldCom and AboveNet were some of the bigger communications companies reporting service problems related to ‘peering,’ methods used by Internet service providers to hand traffic off to others in the Web's infrastructure. Traffic slowdowns were also seen in Seattle, Los Angeles and Atlanta, possibly resulting from re-routing around the affected backbones.”
– “The fire severed two OC-192 links between Vienna, VA and New York, NY as well as an OC-48 link from, D.C. to Chicago. … Metromedia routed traffic around the fiber break, relying heavily on switching centers in Chicago, Dallas, and D.C.”
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“The Network Effect”
• Creating and deploying new services– Development and deployment expense
» Cost of 3G licenses and networks» “Even if I had $1 billion and set up 1000s of locations, I
could never in my network have a completely ubiquitous footprint.”—Sky Dayton, founder of Boingo
• Achieving desirable end-to-end properties– Control of the end-to-end path
• Evolving network services– Difficult to change global operational infrastructure
• Approach: Peering, Composition, Overlays– Needed: a service architecture that supports this
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PeeringPolicy-Based Routing
• Multi-homing– Reliability of network connectivity– Traffic discrimination
Service Composition• New mechanisms, techniques for end-to-end
services w/ desirable, predictable, enforceable properties spanning potentially distrusting service providers– Tech architecture for service composition & inter-operation across
separate admin domains, supporting peering & brokering, and diverse business, value-exchange, access-control models
– Functional elements» Service discovery» Service-level agreements» Service composition under constraints» Redirection to a service instance» Performance measurement infrastructure» Constraints based on performance, access control,
accounting/billing/settlements» Service modeling and verification
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Service Composition Models• Cooperative
– Individual component service providers interact, with distributed responsibility, providing end-to-end composed service
• Brokered– Broker uses functionalities provided by underlying service
providers, encapsulates these to compose an end-to-end service