Perspectives on Innovative Perspectives on Innovative Characterization and Characterization and Remediation Technologies for Remediation Technologies for Contaminated Sites Contaminated Sites Sept. 27, 2001 ENRY Belgrade, Yugoslavia Walter W. Kovalick Jr., Ph.D. Director Technology Innovation Office US Environmental Protection Agency
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Perspectives on Innovative Characterization and Remediation Technologies for Contaminated Sites
Perspectives on Innovative Characterization and Remediation Technologies for Contaminated Sites. Sept. 27, 2001 ENRY Belgrade, Yugoslavia Walter W. Kovalick Jr., Ph.D. Director Technology Innovation Office US Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Innovation Office. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Perspectives on Innovative Perspectives on Innovative Characterization and Remediation Characterization and Remediation
Technologies for Contaminated SitesTechnologies for Contaminated Sites
• Advocates “smarter” technologies for the characterization and cleanup of contaminated sites
• Works with clients to identify and understand better, faster, and cheaper options
• Seeks to identify and reduce barriers to the use of innovative technologies
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http://cluin.org/asr
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Superfund Remedial Actions:Superfund Remedial Actions:Summary of Source Control Treatment Technologies Summary of Source Control Treatment Technologies
(FY 1982 - FY 1999)(FY 1982 - FY 1999)
Soil Vapor Extraction (196)
26%
In-Situ Soil Flushing(16) 2%
In Situ Bioremediation (35) 5%
In Situ Solidification/
Stabilization (46) 6%
Incineration (off-site) (94) 13%
Thermal Desorption (61) 8%
Bioremediation (49) 7%
Incineration (on-site) (42) 6%
Chemical Treatment (10) 1%
Solidification/Stabilization (137) 19%
Other (ex situ) (32) 4%
Ex Situ Technologies (425) 58% In Situ Technologies (314) 42%
Other (in situ) (21) 3%
http://cluin.org/asr
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Superfund Remedial Actions:Superfund Remedial Actions:In Situ Technologies for Source Control In Situ Technologies for Source Control
• Sponsoring government agencies (North America)– Canadian Government– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– U.S. Military Services (Army, Navy, Air Force)– U.S. Department of Energy– California Environmental Protection Agency
North American Innovative North American Innovative Technology Demonstration ProjectsTechnology Demonstration Projects
In Situ Technologies 383 ProjectsIn Situ Technologies 383 Projects
Soil Physical/Chemical (103)
Ground Water Physical/Chemical (99)
Ground Water Biological (61)
Soil Thermal (54)
Soil Biological (66)
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FRTR Cost and Performance GuideFRTR Cost and Performance Guide In-Situ Ground Water Remediation Technologies In-Situ Ground Water Remediation Technologies
with Recommended Reporting Elementswith Recommended Reporting Elements
FRTRFRTRRemediation Case StudiesRemediation Case Studies
• Document cost/performance of clean-up technologies
• Includes full-scale cleanup and large-scale demonstrations
• 274 EPA, DoD, DoE cases
• Searchable by technology, contaminant, media (www.frtr.gov)
• Superfund, RCRA, State sites
http://www.frtr.govhttp://www.frtr.gov
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FRTR Case Studies:FRTR Case Studies:Summary of Contaminants and Media Summary of Contaminants and Media
Treated *Treated *
* Some case studies address more than one * Some case studies address more than one type of media/contaminanttype of media/contaminant
Chlorin
ated
Solven
ts
Pestic
ides/
Herbic
ides
Contaminant TypesContaminant Types
45
70
1
19
9
91
16
19
2
132
52
2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
28
20
11Meta
ls
29
35
BTEX/TP
H
PAHsRad
ioacti
vity
PCBs
Explos
ives
Soil Groundwater Debris/Solid
Num
ber o
f Cas
e St
udie
sN
umbe
r of C
ase
Stud
ies
http://www.frtr.govhttp://www.frtr.gov
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Remediation Technology Cost Remediation Technology Cost Compendium – Year 2000Compendium – Year 2000
• Historical cost data compilation for six cleanup technologies: bioremediation, thermal desorption, SVE, on-site incineration, pump-and-treat, and PRBs
• Focus on unit costunit cost for quantity treated and contaminant mass removed
• “Fully defined” cost data– Based on actual applications from federal agency sources– Directly linked to technology application
• Cost curves developed• Findings reconfirm factors driving remediation technology costs • Available September 2001
• Use of Bioremediation at Superfund Sites• Describes site-specific applications of ex situ and
in situ bioremediation at 104 Superfund sites• Summarizes contaminants and media treated• Provides available cost and performance data• Analyzes trends over time• 48 pages• http://clu-in.org/techpubs.htm
Superfund Site Types Most Commonly Treated by Superfund Site Types Most Commonly Treated by Bioremediation (FY 1982 – FY 1999)Bioremediation (FY 1982 – FY 1999)11
Part 1 of 2Part 1 of 2
32
2219
13
8
Wood Preserving
Petroleum Refining,
Reuse, and Pipeline
Landfill/ Disposal
Area
Underground/ Aboveground Storage Tank
Pesticide Manufacturing/ Use/Storage
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Num
ber o
f Pro
ject
s
1 Some sites are described by more than one site type.
Total Projects = 104
Site Type
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Superfund Site Types Most Commonly Treated by Superfund Site Types Most Commonly Treated by Bioremediation (FY 1982 – FY 1999)Bioremediation (FY 1982 – FY 1999)11
Part 2 of 2Part 2 of 2
1 Some sites are described by more than one site type.Site Type
Fire/Crash Training
Area
Munitions Manufacturing
or Storage
Surface Impound-ment or Lagoon
Vehicle Maintenance
Drum Storage/Disposal
Num
ber o
f Pro
ject
s
Total Projects = 104
7 7 7 7 6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
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Contaminant Groups Treated by Bioremediation Contaminant Groups Treated by Bioremediation Technologies at Superfund Sites (FY 82 – FY 99) Technologies at Superfund Sites (FY 82 – FY 99)
Ex SituEx Situ Source Treatment Technologies Source Treatment Technologies
Biopile 3 Ž Ž Ž
Slurry Phase 2 Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž
Other 3 Ž Ž
Land Treatment
33 Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž
Composting 8 Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž
Techno-logy
Total No. of Projects PAHs
Other Non-Chlori-natedSVOCs BTEX
OtherNon-Chlori-natedVOCs
Pesti-cidesAndHerbi-cides
OtherChlori-natedSVOCs
Chlori-natedVOCs
Explo-sives/Propel-lants
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Example Windrow Composting Example Windrow Composting SystemSystem
FormWindrows
With soil and Amendments
PeriodicTurning ofWindrow
WindrowMonitoring
CompostAnalysis
WindrowDisassembly
AndDisposition
Excavateand
Screen Soils
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Contaminant Groups Treated by Bioremediation Contaminant Groups Treated by Bioremediation Technologies at Superfund Sites (FY 82 – FY 99) Technologies at Superfund Sites (FY 82 – FY 99)
In SituIn Situ Treatment Treatment
Other 9 Ž Ž
Bioventing 24 Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž
Slurry Phase 2 Ž
Ž
Ž Ž Ž Ž
Ž Ž
Source Control
Biosparging 3 Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž
Injection/Recirculation
17 Ž Ž Ž ŽŽ Ž
Groundwater
Techno-logy
Total No. of Projects PAHs
Other Non-Chlori-natedSVOCs BTEX
OtherNon-Chlori-natedVOCs
Pesti-cidesAndHerbi-cides
OtherChlori-natedSVOCs
Chlori-natedVOCs
Explo-sives/Propel-lants
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In Situ Treatment TechnologiesIn Situ Treatment TechnologiesSoilSoil
Biodegradation MechanismsBiodegradation MechanismsTypically Occurring with Enhanced Typically Occurring with Enhanced In SituIn Situ Bioremediation of CAHs Bioremediation of CAHs
• S. CALIF EDISION VISALIA, CA NPL SITE• Former wood (pole) treatment facility• Creosote, PCP• Pump & treat started in 1976, 10lbs/week• Began steam stripping 3 years ago• 100,000lbs removed in first 6 weeks• >1,300,000lbs removed to date• Goal to meet MCLs• More work needed to reduce costs
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In Situ Thermal Cleanup ProjectsIn Situ Thermal Cleanup Projectshttp://cluin.org/products/thermalhttp://cluin.org/products/thermal
Organization # of ProjectsNavy 9
Air Force 5
Army 4
DOE 5
Private 37
Technologies Included:•Conductive Heating •ERH- Electrical Resistance Heating•Hot Air Injection•RF- Radio Frequency Heating•SEE- Steam Enhanced Extraction
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CLU-IN World Wide Web SiteCLU-IN World Wide Web Sitehttp://clu-in.orghttp://clu-in.org
• Site Remediation Technologies • Site Characterization Technologies• Technology Partnerships, Roundtables, and Consortia • Updates on International Clean-Up Activities• Vendor Support • Publications for Downloading• Free E-mail Updates via TechDirect• Regulatory Information and Technology Policy• Links to Other Internet and Online Resources
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• Broadcasts periodic e-mail messages to the list of over 11,000 subscribers.
• Highlights events of interest to site remediation and site assessment professionals.
• Describes new products and provides instructions on how to obtain them.