Perspective Grid - Zeichenwerk · • Sheet 1 One-point perspective horizon at 1.5 & 8 metres on one side, and horizon at 4 & 16 metres on the other side. • Sheet 2 Two-point perspective

Perspective Grid

Manual 20. September 2018

A comprehensive book about graphics for garden designers: „Zeichnen in der Gartengestaltung“

l Easy to follow, with step-by-step explanations l More than a thousand images l Additional tutorials on the website.

To succeed in the business of garden planning and design, advanced drawing skills are required—even in the modern age of CAD and Photoshop! Using the right materials and appropriate tools are fundamental requirements to impress clients with successful technical and dynamic drawings. The book starts with a detailed introduction to basic drawing and advances to important techniques such as ground plans and three-dimensional drawing, also using modern digital media.Additionally, this book includes exclusive access to further tutorials and examples online!

Dear reader,

I would like to thank you for showing interest in our perspective grids. In this manual we will show you how to use the perspective grid. You can also find further information on our internetsite: www.perspektivraster.de (german) If you would like to learn the advanced application of this system, I would gladly welcome you to one of my seminars. Or check our my book “Zeichnen in der Gartengestaltung”. Have fun drawing!

Daniel Nies

Zeichnen in der Gartengestaltung

Daniel Nies

2., erweiterte Auflage

Möchten Sie Ihre Gestaltungsidee in Form einer repräsentativen Hand-zeichnung darstellen?Mit Hilfe dieses Buches können Sie systematisch die erforderlichen Techniken erlernen:

• Beste Zeichenmaterialien und deren Verwendung• Zweidimensionales Bild mit Grundriss, Ansicht und Schnitt• Dreidimensionales Bild mit Konstruktion und grafischer Ausarbeitung

von Axonometrie, Isometrie, Einpunkt- und Zweipunktperspektive• Gestaltung professioneller Präsentatiospläne inklusive Beschriftung

und Reproduktion

Dieses Buch ist ein praktischer Zeichenkurs mit leicht umsetzbaren Übungen. Schritt für Schritt vermittelt Daniel Nies anschaulich das Wissen aus seiner langjährigen Seminarerfahrung. Zusätzliche Online-Dokumente unterstützen das Erlernen der aufgeführten Techni-ken, sodass sowohl Anfänger als auch Fortgeschrittene ihren eigenen Zeichenstil entwickeln können.

Der beste Weg zur repräsentativen Handzeichnung Ihres Planungsprojektes.

Daniel Nies studierte Landscape Design an der Colorado State University, USA. Er arbeitete in verschiedenen Landschaftsarchitekturbüros und leitet Zeichenseminare im In- und Ausland für die Berufsfelder Garten-gestaltung, Garten-und Landschaftsbau und Landschaftsarchitektur (www.zeichenwerk.de).

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Zeichnen lernen mit System

Dan

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Zusatz

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online

www.ulmer.deISBN 978-3-8001-7787-5

€ (D

) 69,90 €

(A) 71,90

Zeichnen in der Gartengestaltung 2., erweiterte Auflage 2017 Daniel Nies 336 pages, 1320 illustrations, Hardcover. 69,90 € [d] ISBN 978-3-8001-7787-5 The book covers the topics plan graphics and perspective drawing. In German language. Publisher Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.

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The Perspective Grid System

Zeichenwerk Daniel Nies Elmer-Fryar-Ring 84 D- 86391 Stadtbergen Tel 0049- (0)821 / 158175 Fax 0049- (0)821 / 158469 E-Mail [email protected] www.zeichenwerk.de www.perspektivraster.de www.perspectivegrid.com

Perspective Grid Set, MetricThe metric perspective grids are very useful for producing one-point and two-point perspectives, both at eye level and bird’s-eye. The durable set consists of three thick (200 gsm) paper sheets, each printed on both sides with the format of approx. 48 x 68 cm, plastic coated on both sides. The grids are labeled in both German and English.

The set consists of

• Manual A manual in English which explains how to use the grids (30 pages). You can download the free coloured document at www.perspectivegrid.com.

• Sheet 1 One-point perspective horizon at 1.5 & 8 metres on one side, and horizon at 4 & 16 metres on the other side.

• Sheet 2 Two-point perspectivehorizon at 1.5 & 8 metres on one side, and horizon at 4 & 16 metres on the other side.

• Sheet 3 Two-point perspective (Mirror image of the above) horizon at 1.5 & 8 metres on one side, and horizon at 4 & 16 metres on the other side.

• 6 field-of-vision diagrams printed on DIN A3 transparency. You place these diagrams on your plan and it makes it easier to transfer the plan onto the perspective grid. The field-of-vision diagrams can also be found in the download section in case you misplace yours.

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Perspective grid - Sheet 1

Perspective grid No. 2 Horizon 8.00 m Transferring ground planes:Outline or Field-of-Vision technique.Use the field of vision diagram No. 2 to apply the FoV-technique.

Perspective grid No. 1 Horizon 1.50 mTransferring ground planes:Outline or Field-of-Vision technique.Use the field of vision diagram No. 1 to apply the FoV-technique.

Overview

One-point perspective (frontside) Perspektive grid No. 1, Horizon 1.50 m Perspektive grid No. 2, Horizon 8.00 m

You can find a large Din A3 version of this grid in the book called: one-point perspective Horizon 1.50m.

Drawing examples



Daniel Nies





und Reproduktion




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Dan

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online


€ (D

) 69,90 €

(A) 71,90


Daniel Nies





und Reproduktion




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n in

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Dan

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online


€ (D

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One-point perspective (backside) Perspective grid No. 3 Horizon 4.00 m Perspective grid No. 4 Horizon 16.00 m

Perspective grid No. 3 Horizon 4.00 mTransferring ground planes:Outline or Field-of-Vision technique.Use the Field-of-Vision diagram No. 3 to apply the FoV-technique.

Perspective grid No. 4 Horizon 16.00 m Transferring ground planes: The outline technique (page 22) is the easiest method in this case.

Using the FoV-technique would lead to high distortion at this horizon height. That‘s why there isn‘t a Field-of-Vision diagram No. 4.

Drawing examples

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Perspective grid Sheet 2



Two point perspective (frontside) Perspective grid No. 5, Horizon 1.50 m Perspective grid No. 6, Horizon 8.00 m



Drawing examples


Daniel Nies





und Reproduktion




Zei

chne

n in

der

Gar

teng

esta

ltun

g


Dan

iel N

ies

Zusatz

material

online


€ (D

) 69,90 €

(A) 71,90


Daniel Nies





und Reproduktion




Zei

chne

n in

der

Gar

teng

esta

ltun

g


Dan

iel N

ies

Zusatz

material

online


€ (D

) 69,90 €

(A) 71,90

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Two-point perspective (backside) Perspective grid No. 7 Horizon 4.00 m Perspective grid No. 8 Horizon 16.00 m


Perspective grid No. 8 Horizon 16.00 m Transferring ground planes: The outline technique (page 22) is the easiest method in this case.

Using the FoV-technique would lead to high distortion at this horizon height. That‘s why there isn’t a Field-of-Vision diagram No. 8.

Drawing examples

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Perspective grid Sheet 3


Perspective grid No. 10 Horizon 8.00 mTransferring ground planes:Outline or Field-of-Vision technique.Use the Field-of-Vision diagram No.10 to apply the FoV-technique.

Two-point perspective (Front, sheet 2 mirrored) Perspective grid No. 9, Horizon 1.50 m Perspective grid No. 10, Horizon 8.00 m

This mirrored perspective grid has been added with the third print run. The viewers angle is different to the angle on sheet 2. This gives you a helpful new viewing point.

Drawing examples

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Two-point perspective (Back, sheet 2 mirrored) Perspective grid No. 11 Horizon 4.00 m Perspective grid No. 12 Horizon 16.00 m

Perspective grid No. 11Horizon 4.00 mTransferring ground planes:Outline or Field-of-Vision technique.Use the Field-of-Vision diagram No. 11 to apply the FoV-technique.

Perspective grid No. 12 Horizon 16.00 m Transferring ground planes: The outline technique is the easiest method in this case.

Using the FoV-technique would lead to high distortion at this horizon height. That‘s why there isn’t a Field-of-Vision diagram No. 12.

Drawing examples

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Perspective grids appear three-dimensional and are a great aid to construct perspec-tives.

PreparationTape the grid to your drawing table. Once you have done that, lay a sheet of transpar-ent paper over the grid and tape the cor-ners to the table. Even light paper [40g/m²] will do the job. How to construct perspectives with this system is described on the following pages.

One-point perspective -using the perspective grid

Perspective grid No. 1 Horizon 1.50 m

1,00 m

Each grid is 1.00m x 1.00m in size.

The grid interval narrows the closer it gets to the vanishing point. Close to the horizon the interval changes to 10.00m.

Heights can be determined by using the vertical measuring line. Further informa-tion is on page 186.

Vertical measuring line

Horizon 1,50m

1,00 m

1,00 m

1,00 m

1,00 m

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The measuring point is a very helpful item. You can see it in the foreground. It is mainly used when transferring ground plans to the grid. This will be explained more explicitly in the Chapter “Transfer-ring ground plans” on page 188.

The interval between the horizontal lines stays unchanged.

To construct an object from the bird’s eye view, use the grid upside down. Now the horizon height is 8.00m.

Vanishing Point (VP)

The dashed line indicates the field of vision limit. Objects should be drawn within this border to appear realistic.

This figure repre-sents the viewer

10,oo m

Measuring Point (MP)

1,00 m 1,00 m 1,00 m

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Estimating heights

Here the viewer is looking at four verticals with different height levels. The distance from the base to the horizon is exactly 1.50m. Any other distance can easily be deduced using this height.

Additionally, the height levels in perspective can be deter-mined with this method.

The proportional estimationIn this image you see a figure puppet that is about 1.6 metres tall. It is a bit smaller than the average European citizen (1.75m).

When drawing in perspective, we use a horizon of 1.5m, because it is much simpler for estimating purposes..

0.750.50 1.50 3.00

h:2h:3

h

2xh

Even though the objects all have the same height in reality, they are drawn smaller the closer they are to the horizon. The main fact is that they all reach the horizon.

VP

Horizon height 1.50 m

H H 1.50 m

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Distances with a height of 0.75m are always 1/2 of the length from the base to the horizon.

Distances with a height of 3.00m are twice the length from the base to the horizon.

Objects with a height of 0.50m are always 1/3 of the distance from the base to the horizon.

VP

VP

VPH 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

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4. Close the topBefore closing the object, you should take a look at the ground plan. If the bottom line is parallel to the horizon, it must stay parallel when projected to the top edge.

In the following examples, we will use the one-point perspective grid with an eye-level of 1.5m.

2. Draw the verticalsNow draw the vertical lines. Don‘t worry about their length, just draw them upward.

3. Estimate the height of the objectDivide the length from the base to the horizon by two to get the height of 0.75m.

1. Draw the ground planDraw a 2.0m x 2.0m square onto the perspective grid.

Blocks and horizontal areas

VP

VP

VP

VP

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

+ 0.75

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The left bottom side leads to the vanishing point, so the top has to do the same.

5. Render the objectTo keep a good overview, the object should be coloured.

This is very helpful when working with complicated forms.

Repeat this method on the right and bottom sides to finish the object.

VP

VP

VP

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

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+ 0.75

Compiling blocks

You can arrange various blocks using the method described on the previous pages.

VPHorizon 1.50 m + 1.50

+ 4.50

+ 1.00

+ 3.00

Projected lign of sight = Centre of Vision

+ 0.50


16

+ 16.00

+ 4.00

+ 2.00

VP Horizon 8.00 m

When drawing a bird’s eye view with an 8.0m horizon, construct the blocks the same as when drawing with a 1.5m horizon.


To obtain the height from a bird’s eye view:

2.00m: 1/4 of the distance from base to horizon 4.00m: 1/2 of the distance from base to horizon 16.00m: twice the distance from base to horizon

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1. Horizontal areas and blocks To construct horizontal areas and blocks in the two-point perspective, follow the same steps as in the one-point perspective. The lines are drawn toward the respective vanishing points (VP1, VP2)

2. Draw the verticals and estimate the height To construct the height of an object, draw vertical reference lines at each corner. These will be useful to find the right height.

This example uses 0.75m, half the distance from base to horizon.

VP 1 VP 2Horizon 1.50 m

FP 1 FP 2Horizon 1.50 m

+0.75

Two-point perspective Perspective grid No. 5 Horizon 1.50 m

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3. Close the topOnce you have drawn the height, connect the edge points toward the vanishing points.

As shown in this example, this method also works for blocks with different heights.

+3.00

+0.75

+1.50

+4.50

+1.00

±0.00

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As explained previously, the perspective grid consists of a raster with one metre increments. It is recommended to use a ground plan with the scale of M 1:100.

There are different methods for transferring garden ground plans onto the perspective grid: The outline technique, and the field-of-vision technique

Transferring garden plans

Field of Vision We are able to perceive a visual array of about 180°. You can easily test this by stretching your arms to the left and right while shaking them and looking forward. You should be able to see your arms moving; however, they appear distorted.

The 60° Field of VisionAs a result of the potential for distortion, we should stay in an array of 60° to keep our drawings dynamic and real-istic.

Objects appear

realistic here.

Objects appear

distorted here.

60° Field of vision

Line of sight

Objects appear

realistic here.

60° Field of vision

Line of sight

Objects appear

distorted here.

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60° Field of Vision

Within the field of vision, the circle and sphere appear realistic.

Objects and rooms in perspective that are beyond the field of vision (FoV) appear distorted and oversized.

Therefore, it is important to draw objects in the array of 60° to make our drawings realistic.

Out of range, the object appears distorted.

Line of sight

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The Outline Technique

1. Construct a metre grid First, draw a rectangular (or square) outline on transpar-ent paper. Set the metre grid to a scale of M 1:100. The width shouldn’t exceed 10.00m, otherwise the ground plan wouldn’t fit into the field of vision. This example uses a 8.00m x 8.00m grid.Place this outline on to your ground plan (scaled 1:100). Make sure the important objects are in the grid.

This technique can be used in the one-point as well as in the two-point perspective.

2. Put the ground plan into perspective Transfer your outline onto the perspective grid. Make sure the area starts in the foreground, even if you cross the field-of-vision line. This way the drawing appears three-dimensional.

Next draw the details of each metre square from the plan view into the corresponding perspective grid square. Tip: First draw the entire ground plan before projecting the heights.

3. Set the heightsProject the heights of built objects (in this example, only the left wall). It’s advisable to do this on an extra sheet of transparent paper.

VP

VP

VP

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

H 1.50 m

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Tip

The outline Technique is quick and easy.

Objects beyond the field of vision should

only be drawn as a “hint” to avoid distortion,

making the drawing appear more realistic

and vivid.

4. Develop the softscapeUse an additional sheet of transparent paper to sketch and develop the softscape. Try out different variations of planting designs, each on another layer of transpar-ent paper.

Refine your sketch step by step...

5. Complete the renderingDraw your main concept on a final layer of paper.

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Field-of-Vision (FoV) Technique

1. Choose your viewTo draw the perspective using this technique you need: - Ground plan of your garden design (M 1:100) - Field-of-vision diagram No. 1. ( M 1:100) - Perspective grid No. 1 Horizon 1.50m Place the diagram over the ground plan and chose the array you would like to portray in perspective.

When choosing your array, you should try to keep the line of sight and the grid parallel and/or right-angled to the edges of your plan. It’s best to set the station point on the plan site itself to make the perspective appear more realistic and comprehensible.

On the diagram you see the measuring point (MP) and the vertical measuring line (MV).

One-point perspectiveThe FoV diagram approximates the undistorted area you will see in perspective (within the 60° circle). It shows where the viewer is standing and the line of sight at a scale of M 1:100.

Tip

The scale of the ground plan has to be the

same as the scale on the FoV diagram.

M 1:100 works best.

If the plan is scaled at M 1:200, the FoV

diagram has to be re-sized to 50%.

Ground plans scaled at M 1:50 should be re-

sized to M 1:100.

MP 0.00

4.0o

8.001.00

2.20

3.40

1.00 2.30

4.40

MP

MV

2. Mark the planUse the line of sight as a baseline from which important sectors of your ground plan are marked. The measuring point (MP) is now the zero point of the baseline.

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3. Transfer the ground plan Next, the important sectors of the ground plan are transferred onto the perspective grid.

To do this, draw the line of sight through the MP, which is marked both on the FoV diagram as well as on the perspective grid. Transfer the measurements of the ground plan to the perspective grid.

4. Finalize the ground plan Before projecting the heights, the ground plan should be completely transferred into the perspective grid.

If you compare the area in the field-of-vision (perspective grid) to the field-of-vision area in your ground plan you will find the result is very accurate! This system also works well from the bird’s- eye view, although it is less precise.

Caution

Avoid placing the line of sight over long

edges.

They appear strange in perspective since they

simply look like vertical lines.

Try to lay the FoV diagram parallel to the

edges of your ground plan. If you don’t, you

will have a hard time transferring the plan

to perspective (see example).

VPH 1.50 m

VP

3.40 1.00 2.30 4.40

1.002.20

H 1.50 m

MP

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6. Develop the softscape Design the softscape on another sheet of transparent paper.

5. Construct built objects Use a fresh sheet of transparent paper to construct built objects and insert outdoor furniture and other items. Draw each on separate sheets of paper if you want to be cautious. You can also insert graphical effects like reflections in the pool to your drawing.

FP H 1.50 m

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7. Do the renderingLast but not least, enhance your project graphically.

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Field-of-Vision (FoV) Technique Two-point perspective Horizon 1.50m

1. Choose your viewTo draw the perspective using this technique you need: - Ground plan of your garden design (M 1:100) - Field-of-Vision Diagram No. 5. ( M 1:100) - Perspective grid No. 5 Horizon 1.50m

Place the FoV diagram No. 5, Horizon 1.50m over your ground plan to choose your area. Like before, try to follow the grid lines and use the scale M 1:100.

The following steps are the same as in the one-point perspective.

2. Transfer the ground plan Transfer your ground plan onto the per-spective grid. Use the measuring point (MP) like in the one-point perspective.

Viewpoint

distorted area

FoV area

MP

Horizon 1,50m m

FoV area

MP distorted area

VP

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1. Choose your viewTo draw the perspective in the bird’s-eye view you need:

- Ground plan of your garden design (M 1:100) - Field-of-Vision diagram No. 6 (M 1:100) - Perspective grid No. 6 Horizon 8.00m

Lay the FoV diagram over the ground plan. Try to get all the important objects into the FoV area!

2. Transfer the ground plan Transfer your ground plan onto the perspective grid. Use the measuring point (MP) like in the one-point perspective.

Some sectors of the ground plan are now in the distorted area, but you should still draw them. When using the bird’s-eye view, the FoV dia-grams are not as accurate as at eye-level 1.50m.

Viewpoint

distorted area

FoV area

MP

distorted area

FoV area

MP

Horizon 8,0 m VP

Field-of-Vision (FoV) Technique Two-point perspective Horizon 8.00m (Bird’s eye view)

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Skript und PerspektivrasterAll rights reserved. No part of this publica-tion may be reproduced in any form or by any means -- graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems. April 2005. Third version.

© Zeichenwerk, Daniel NiesElmer-Fryar-Ring 84D- 86391 StadtbergenTel 0049- (0)821 / 158175Fax 0049- (0)821 / 158469E-Mail [email protected] www.zeichenwerk.de

Impressum

Daniel NiesElmer-Fryar-Ring 84D- 86391 StadtbergenTel 0049- (0)821 / 158175Fax 0049- (0)821 / 158469E-Mail [email protected] www.zeichenwerk.de

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Perspective Grid - Zeichenwerk · • Sheet 1 One-point perspective horizon at 1.5 & 8 metres on one side, and horizon at 4 & 16 metres on the other side. • Sheet 2 Two-point perspective

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