Perspec’ves on IBAD Coated Conductors Cost and Future Vladimir Matias iBeam Materials, Inc. Santa Fe, NM Robert H. Hammond Stanford University Stanford, CA Follow up to the 2014 CCA presenta’on
Perspec'vesonIBADCoatedConductorsCostandFuture
Vladimir Matias iBeam Materials, Inc. Santa Fe, NM
Robert H. Hammond Stanford University Stanford, CA
Followuptothe2014CCApresenta'on
2
25YearsofCoatedConductorsØ YasuhiroIijimaatFujikura,1991
Ø Typicallytakes20yearstobringnewmaterialstomarketplace
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
FirstCC
Y.IijimaetalPhysicaC185-189,1959(1991)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SuperPower10kmtoSumitomo
IBAD-MgOStanford
AMSCfirstcommercialCC
ORNLRABiTS
Cable,FCL,MagnetProjects
6CompaniesproducingCCLANLfirst1meterCC
3 CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
Priceofsuperconductorwireiscri5calforapplica5onsØ In2010proposedcosttargetforCC:$5/kAm(LN2)
Ø Costofembodiedmaterials:about$0.10perkAm(with1000A/cm,5MA/cm2)
Ø Performedabo.omupanalysisforcoevapora'onshowing<$5/kAmispossible(~50,000km/yr)
Ø Topdown:costshoulddecreaseduetoscaleupfrom100kmto100,000km(10x);performance(A/cm)shouldincreasebyatleast2x;yieldincreases
Ø Vibrantindustry:15companiesareproducingorintendingtoproducecoatedconductors
Layer Materials cost/kAm
Ag (0.5 µm) $ 0.06
YBCO (2 µm) $ 0.02
IBAD+epi (MgO) $ 0.0005
SDP layer (Y2O3) $ 0.002
substrate (stainless) $ 0.04
Total $ 0.12
4
CoatedConductorManufacturers
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SuNAM Co. Ltd, Korea (IBAD+RCE)
SuperPower, NY, USA/Japan (IBAD+MOCVD) AMSC, Mass. USA
(RABiTS+MOD)
SuperOx, Russia/Japan (IBAD+PLD)
Fujikura, Japan (IBAD+PLD)
Bruker HTS, Germany (IBAD+PLD)
Theva, Germany (ISD+RCE)
STI, TX USA (IBAD+RCE)
Shanghai Superconductor, China (IBAD+PLD)
d-nano (BASF), Germany (RABiTS+MOD)
Shanghai Creative Superc, China (IBAD+MOD)
Metox, TX USA (RABiTS+MOCVD)
Oxolutia, Spain (IBAD+MOD)
SAMRI/CAS, Suzhou China (IBAD+MOCVD)
Sumitomo, Japan (RABiTS+PLD)
TierI
TierII
TierIII
✰✰
✰✰
5
Produc5onandPriceTrendsØ TrendpresentedatlastCCAØ Overcapacityinproduc'onØ AtpresentCCProduc'onvolumeis
satura'ng;priceislevelingoff
Ø Companiesarenotprofitableandpriceistoohighformassadop'on
Ø ValleyofDeath?Ø ThereislifeacertheValleyØ Onlytrulyscalableapproacheswill
win(needtoscale1000x)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
$/kAm
km
6
Wa:erShed• HTS-HVDCallowsfor
mul'-GWtransmissionoverlongdistances
• Wagershedproposesconnec'nggridsacrossoceanstracingshallowwatersofcon'nentalshelves
• Phasedapproachwithintermediatestepsinbuildingcables
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
7
SemiconductorsusingIijimaapproachØ Findikogluetal(LANL):SionIBAD-
2003-2007
Ø Epi-Sionmetalandglass
Ø Demonstratedfirstsolarcells usingthisapproach
Ø Selvamanicakametal(UniversityofHouston):GaAs–2009-2015
Ø HighqualityGaAsonIBADtemplates
Ø Hallmobili'es60-300cm2/V-s(h,e)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SiIBAD
9
Ø ShujiNakamura1991:InGaNLED
Ø SolidStateLigh'ngRevolu'on
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
25YearsofGaNLEDs
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
FirstLEDonsapphire
NichiastartssellingHBLEDs
2ndgenLEDGaNonGaN
p-doping
First1.5mWHBLED
Nakamura,Akasaki,AmanowinNobelPrize
FlipchipLED
WhiteLightLEDs
SumitomodevelopsGaNsubstrate
$20BLEDIndustry
10
LessonsfromGaNØ Getproductouttocustomersquickly
Ø Roleofgovernmentfundingandregula'on:
Helpedtoobtainmarketadop'on
Ø Chineseentryintomarket
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
50
100
150
200
250
2005 2010 2015 2020
$/klm
Averagelm
/W
China
11
Conclusions
Ø TechnicalprogressonCoatedConductorsforApplica'onshasbeenamazing–wehavecomealongwayinthelast25years
Ø ClearlyCCareheretostay–Magnetapplica'onsarevalidated
Ø However,s'llalongwaytogoforElectricgridapplica'onsØ TheplayislongtermandcompaniesneedtosurvivetheValleyof
Death
Ø ThereislifethroughtheValley
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA