Personnel and Training

Copyright Protected 2005:Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Police TechnologyPolice TechnologyChapter NineteenChapter Nineteen

Personnel and TrainingPersonnel and Training


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

History and factors of Scheduling and History and factors of Scheduling and DeploymentDeployment

Tracking problem officersTracking problem officers Continuous training in law Continuous training in law

enforcementenforcement


Scheduling and DeploymentScheduling and Deployment

DeploymentDeployment is the is the minimum number minimum number operating force operating force necessary to necessary to provide police provide police services within a services within a jurisdictionjurisdiction


Scheduling and DeploymentScheduling and Deployment SchedulingScheduling is the process of moving is the process of moving

personnel resources around to meet personnel resources around to meet the needs of deployment.the needs of deployment.


Scheduling and DeploymentScheduling and Deployment Sometimes, the number of police Sometimes, the number of police

officers required is relatively fixed – officers required is relatively fixed – there are a certain number of beats there are a certain number of beats within a jurisdiction.within a jurisdiction.

At other times, the number of police At other times, the number of police officers needs to be increased officers needs to be increased because the work load – like calls for because the work load – like calls for service – increases.service – increases.


Scheduling and DeploymentScheduling and Deployment Early research into deployment:Early research into deployment:

Patrol Car Allocation Model (PCAMPatrol Car Allocation Model (PCAM)) Hypercube ModelHypercube Model

Queuing theoryQueuing theory – a method of – a method of mathematically determining a level mathematically determining a level of serviceof service


Scheduling and DeploymentScheduling and Deployment Level of Service FactorsLevel of Service Factors

Response time to calls for serviceResponse time to calls for service Free time for officers to conduct Free time for officers to conduct

investigationsinvestigations Crime rateCrime rate Community satisfactionCommunity satisfaction Geographic areaGeographic area



Computer-Aided Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) can Dispatch (CAD) can be helpful in be helpful in determining the determining the number of calls for number of calls for service, and thus service, and thus deployment needsdeployment needs

Screen Capture Provided by Crimestar



Data can be viewed Data can be viewed by hour (as with by hour (as with previous slide) or by previous slide) or by day (this slide).day (this slide).



Case ManagementCase Management Detective Detective

supervisors and supervisors and managers are managers are concerned with concerned with managing the work managing the work load and load and productivity of productivity of detectives. Case detectives. Case management management software is often software is often helpful.helpful.



Problem OfficersProblem Officers It is believed that a It is believed that a

small percentage of small percentage of police officers garner police officers garner the lion’s share of the lion’s share of citizen complaints, on-citizen complaints, on-duty traffic accidents duty traffic accidents and civil suits.and civil suits.

Agencies are looking Agencies are looking for ways to introduce for ways to introduce early-warning systemsearly-warning systems

Screen capture provided by the Institute for Police Technology and Management


Problem OfficersProblem Officers Software may help because:Software may help because:

Much of police work is conducted outside Much of police work is conducted outside the view of supervisorsthe view of supervisors

Police work is 24/7 and officers move Police work is 24/7 and officers move from shift to shift, sometimes before a from shift to shift, sometimes before a supervisor notes a pattern or problem.supervisor notes a pattern or problem.

In larger agencies, police officers can In larger agencies, police officers can transfer from one region to another transfer from one region to another before patterns or problems are detected.before patterns or problems are detected.


Problem OfficersProblem Officers Difficulties:Difficulties:

Legal and Police Legal and Police Union concernsUnion concerns

High Maintenance High Maintenance costscosts

Does productivity Does productivity counter-balance counter-balance negative input?negative input?

What is tracked?What is tracked? All complaints?All complaints? Only sustained Only sustained

complaints?complaints?


TrainingTraining Police officers do not use all of their Police officers do not use all of their

skills everyday, but they need to be skills everyday, but they need to be able to use their skills at a moment’s able to use their skills at a moment’s notice.notice.

People tend to default to the level of People tend to default to the level of their training.their training.

Practice does not make perfect, but Practice does not make perfect, but can make response automatic.can make response automatic.


TrainingTraining Routine use of job Routine use of job

skills tends to skills tends to improve employee improve employee performance.performance.

When job skills are When job skills are not used, employee not used, employee performance performance declines.declines.

In reality, tactical In reality, tactical skills (like shooting, skills (like shooting, pursuit driving, etc.) pursuit driving, etc.) are rarely used.are rarely used.


TrainingTraining

Knowledge + Practice Ability=


TrainingTraining Early forms of Early forms of

interactive training interactive training used film and then used film and then videos to enhance videos to enhance training and training and sometimes role sometimes role playing.playing.


TrainingTraining

One use of One use of technology as a technology as a means to impart and means to impart and refresh knowledge is refresh knowledge is through the use of through the use of multimedia multimedia instructional instructional technology like DVDstechnology like DVDs

Screen capture provided by Video-ID Teleproductions


TrainingTraining

In this DVD a police In this DVD a police officer is given the officer is given the opportunity to opportunity to review and test review and test their knowledge their knowledge about Use of Forceabout Use of Force

Screen capture provided by Video-ID Teleproductions


TrainingTraining

Interactive training Interactive training simulators give simulators give police officers the police officers the ability to practice ability to practice their application of their application of knowledge…or knowledge…or their skills.their skills.

Photograph provided by Advanced Interactive Systems


TrainingTraining

Simulators can be Simulators can be used for driving, as used for driving, as well as shooting well as shooting and tactical skillsand tactical skills

Photograph provided by FAAC Inc


TrainingTraining Training simulators Training simulators

are becoming are becoming increasingly more increasingly more sophisticated.sophisticated. Here the simulator Here the simulator

is configured like a is configured like a patrol vehicle.patrol vehicle.

And, it gives many And, it gives many different views of different views of the simulation.the simulation.

Photographs provided by FAAC Inc


TrainingTraining A response to these criticisms is that A response to these criticisms is that

simulators, much like video games are simulators, much like video games are becoming very interactive.becoming very interactive. Simple patrol with unexpected hazards.Simple patrol with unexpected hazards. High-speed pursuit drivingHigh-speed pursuit driving Traffic StopsTraffic Stops A controller can change the scenario and A controller can change the scenario and

interact with the traineeinteract with the trainee If the trainee negotiates or tactically deploys If the trainee negotiates or tactically deploys

the shooting situation can be avoided.the shooting situation can be avoided.


TrainingTraining Some caution that some narrowly Some caution that some narrowly

defined simulators may not teach a defined simulators may not teach a full range of decision-making or full range of decision-making or negotiating skills.negotiating skills.

Or, others believe that simulators Or, others believe that simulators concentrated on “shoot - - no shoot” concentrated on “shoot - - no shoot” situations may convey the impression situations may convey the impression that every call for service contains an that every call for service contains an armed adversary.armed adversary.


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