Personal Safety in a Healthy World

6 T H GRADE HEALTH

Personal Safety in a Healthy World

Student Expectations Summarize how to act safely at home and on your way

to and from home Explain ways to be safe in your community Identify ways to act safely outdoors and in weather

emergencies Describe the basics of first aid for emergencies Identify ways of protecting the environment Describe ways to reduce the amount of garbage this is

produced

Safety at Home and Away

Essential QuestionsWhy is it important for me to know how to act safely?

What can I do to prevent accidents in my home?

What are some safety tips for traveling to and from my home?

Building Safe Habits

An important part of being a healthy person is practicing safe habits

This means not taking unnecessary risk Risk – potentially harmful chances

Wear your seat belt while riding in a car, wear a helmet while riding your bike, wear appropriate clothes if you have to be out in inclement weather

Acting Safely

Safety rules help protect you from hurting yourselfDon’t give into peer pressure

Think before you actKnow your own limits

The Accident Chain

Most accidents can be preventedThe accident chain can be broken if any one

of the first three elements is changed There are Five Elements

The situation The unsafe habit The unsafe action The Accident The result of the accident

Safety in the Home

You probably think your home is a safe place

However, most homes are filled with hazards Hazard – a possible source of harm

Preventing Falls

Wipe up spills right awayKeep steps and stairways well lit and

free of objectsFasten rugs firmly to the floorUse nonskid mats in baths and showersDo not run on wet or waxed floorsUse a sturdy stepladder to reach items

on high shelves

Electrical Safety

Do not use appliances with frayed wires

Pull out plugs by the plug itself, not the cord

Put only two plugs in an outlet at a time

Keep electrical products away from water

Do not use electrical products if you are wet

Fire Safety

Never play with matches or lightersInstall smoke detectors on each level of your

homeRecycle old newspapers, and throw away old

oil soaked ragsMake sure no one smokes in bedKeep a fire extinguisher on each level of your

homeKeep stoves clean and be careful when

cookingCheck electrical wires and outlets for safety

Guns Safety

Guns should be kept in locked cabinetsGuns should be stored unloadedChildren should not handle gunsIf guns are carried, the barrel should point

downwardGuns should never be pointed at anyone

Safety on the Way

There are many hazards on your way to and from home. Awareness of them and of the safety rules that apply to them will help you prevent accidents and injuries when you travel

Highway Safety

Always wear a safety belt when riding in a car

Cross at crosswalks at intersections Pedestrian – anyone who travels on foot

Look left, right, then left again when crossing the road

Watch for driver who are turning right at a red light

Be aware of bicyclistObey traffic signalsWatch for small children

Safety in Your Community

Essential Questions What causes people to act in violent ways?

How can I avoid becoming a victim of violent crimes?

What is being done to help make my home, school, and community safe?

Violence in Society

Violence, or use of physical force to harm someone, is very serious in the United States

Certain random crimes, such as carjackings and drive-by shootings, are reported daily in newspapers and on television Carjaking- occurs when a person steals a car hy

threatening the driver with a weapon Drive-by-shooting – are shootings that occur form a

moving car

Causes of Violence

Anger – people who have not learned healthy ways to handle anger may act violently in tense situations

Drugs and Alcohol – sometimes people who use drugs or alcohol become violent. In many cases, violence results when people try to by and sell frugs illegally

Peep Pressure – Teens face pressure from other teens to be part of a group

Prejudice – which is judgment about someone that is not based on fact or knowledge of the person

Causes of Violence

Gun Possession – Guns are easily available in the United Sates. People carry guns to make them feel powerful and to impress peers.

Being Safe in School

School programs designed to prevent arguments from turning into violence include the following Peer mediation and crisis intervention programs Violence prevention programs in which students are

taught to respect the feelings, opinions, and values of others

Counselors to talk with troubled students Student assistance programs Health education classes

Being Safe in School Continued

School leaders and police departments are working to keep students safe while they are school as well Dress code or uniforms Removing of lockers Metal detectors to search for weapons Security guards or Resource Officers Gun and drug sniffing dogs Video cameras on school busses and on school

grounds

Being Safe on the Streets

Communities are working to keep the streets safe. Some communities have increased the number of police officers who patrol the neighborhoods.

Stricter gun laws have been passed in many communities, and punishments for violent crimes have been increased

People in many areas participate in Neighborhood Watch programs – police train residents to look for and report suspicious activity in their neighborhood

Safety Outdoors and in Weather Emergencies

Essential QuestionsWhy should I have a “buddy” when I

am involved in outdoor activities?What do I need to know about water

safety to prevent drowning?What are some safety tips that I need

to know for camping or for winter sports?

Being Safe Outdoors

Use the buddy systemKnow your limitsUse the proper equipment for an activityBe aware of weather conditionsLearn the safety rules that apply to the

activity you will take part inWarm up before exercising, and cool down

afterwards

Water Safety

The first thing you need to do before taking part in water sports, is learn to swim well

You can take swimming lessons from trained swim instructors. They will be able to let you know when you are ready to take part in water sports

Never go swimming alone Only go to pools or beaches with lifeguards

on dutyUse the buddy system – when taking part in

water sports, go with a family member or friend

Water Safety Continued

Never eat a heavy meal before swimming. This can cause your muscles to tighten, making it difficult to swim easily

Never swim if you are tired or felling fatigued Only dive if you have had lesson in diving

Never dive into above ground pools or shallow water If you are unsure of how deep the water is, walk into the

water first Swimming or falling into cold water, puts you

at risk of Hypothermia – sudden drop in body temperature

Hiking or Camping

Wear clothes that are appropriate for the weather conditions, and the season

Take the proper equipment – include a first aid kit, flash light, compass, and fresh water

Stay in a specified campsite or on a marked trialBe able to identify and avoid poisonous snakes,

plants, and insectsDo not cook in tents- this could cause a fire Put out camp fires completely – cover with

water, cover with sand or dirt, stir gently

Weather Emergenices

Floods – The most common natural disaster Some floods take days to develop, while others

take minutes In the event of heavy rains, listen to local radio or

television stations Be prepared to leave the area and retreat to

higher ground If a flood occurs, do not walk or drive through

moving water

Earthquakes

Earthquakes occur as a result of the ground shaking as the rock below the surface moves

If you are inside during an earthquake, stay inside

Stand in hallways and away from objects that could fall

If you are outside, try and stand in open space, away from building, trees, and power lines

Hurricanes

Hurricane - is a strong windstorm with driving rainHurricanes develop over large bodies of water

If you know a hurricane is emanate, move inland

Bring pets inside

Tornadoes

A tornado is whirling, funnel-shaped wind storm that drops from the sky to the ground Tornado Watch – when the weather condition are right

for a tornado Tornado Warning – A tornado has been sighted

In the event of a tornado, move to a storm cellar of basement. If this is not possible, go to a hallway or other place that does not have windows. If you are outside, lie flat in a ditch and cover yourself with something protective, such as a blanket or clothing.

First Aid

Essential Questions What do I do for someone who needs

first aid?How can I help someone who is

bleeding?Is there anything I can do for a

person who is choking?What can I do to help someone who

has been burned?

What is First Aid?

In an emergency, first aid is the care first given to a person who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be supplied Knowing what to do

Rescue the victim Only move the victim if he or she is in an unsafe location

Check the victims breathing Clear the victims airway is blocked, try to clear the blockage

Control sever bleeding Apply direct pressure to the wound if the victim is severely

bleeding Get medical help

Call 911 as soon as possible

Basic Techniques

Rescue Breathing If you are not sure if the victim is breathing,

place your ear and cheek close to the victims nose and mouth

Look, listen, and feel for breathing Watch for the rise and fall of the victims chest If the victim is not breathing, you can perform

Rescue Breathing – this is a substitute for normal breathing in which someone forces air into the victims lungs

Basic Techniques

Bleeding Apply direct pressure to the wound

Use a clean cloth to cover the wound, then apply pressure

If the blood soaks through, add more cloth, do not remove the first piece of cloth

Use a combination of direct pressure and pressure to the main artery

Carefully raise the bleeding body part above the level of the victims heart This will help slow the blood loss If the body part contains a broken bone, do not move it

Basic Techniques

Choking – is a condition that occurs when a person’s airway becomes blocked The universal sign of choking – the victim will grab

their throat with both hands Other signs of choking may include coughing, and

difficulty speaking or breathing Abdominal thrust may be used if a victim is unable to

breath This method uses quick, upward pulls into the diaphram

to force out the substance blocking the airway

Basic Techniques

PoisoningIf you fear that you or someone else

has been poisoned call 911 immediately Be ready to tell the operator:

What was ingestedApproximately how much was ingested

Age and weight of victim

Basic Techniques

Burns First degree burns

Least harmful type of burn outer layer of skin is burned and turns red Example: minor sun burn Treat with cool water, and wrap in a loose, dry dressing

Second degree burns The burned area will blister Examples: severe sun burns and scalding Treatment: cool burned area with cool water, wrap burn

in a clean, dry dressing, do not pop blisters

Burns Continued

Third degree burns Most serious type of burn Deeper layers of skin are damaged as well as nerve

endings Examples: burns caused by electricity, fire, and

chemicals Victim will need immediate medical attention While you wait for professional help, you can cover

the burn with a clean, dry dressing Do not apply water, ointment, or ice to the burn