Personal, Individual, and Institutional Racism The Rite of Passage Course The Kwanzaa Gallery Instructor: Frank M. Johnson.

Personal, Individual, and Institutional Racism

The Rite of Passage CourseThe Kwanzaa GalleryInstructor: Frank M. Johnson

Introduction

The unconscious, taken for granted, assumed, rarely questioned, unexamined, unchallenged acceptance

of the belief by anyone that……

Introduction

The world as it looks to the dominant culture is the only world

The way of dealing with the world which the dominant culture has created is the only way of dealing with it.

The values which the dominant culture has established are the only acceptable values

The way life looks to the dominant culture is the only way it can be viewed by anyone.

What the dominant culture thinks minorities are like is truth and the only acceptable way to the about minority people

Summary of Course

Students will be familiarized with the terms involved with personal, individual, and institutional racism.

Provided a perspective of racism and the effects it has had on individuals and the society in which we live.

Who is in Attendance?

Find out any relevant background and interest of the audience

Agenda

Types of RacismCategories of Personal and Individual

RacismComponents of Personal and Institutional

RacismSocialization and Racism

Categories of Racist ActionsLevels of Institutional Racism

Characteristics of U.S. Institutions harboring Racism

Examples of Institutional PracticesSocial and Human Costs of Institutional

RacismInstitutional Racism Checklist

Reverse DiscriminationPerceptions of Reverse Discrimination

RACISM

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PUBLIC ENEMY NO. 1 Alias: Personal and Institutional Recent Crimes

Ulcers Heart Attack High Blood Pressure Skin rashes Headaches Backaches Asthma

RACISM

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Past Crimes Civil Disorder Law Violations Civil Unrest Creating Enemies Alienating Parents Alienating Citizens

Robbing Talent & Potential Loss Initiative Debasing Human Beings Disheartening Youth

RACISM

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Causing lapse in motivation Infiltrating every known institution in

society Spoiling every culture in society A spreading contamination with virus effect

• LAST SIGHTING: Ignorance Avenue Ethnocentrism City Between Bigotry and Discrimination

County State of Prejudice

RACISM

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ALL CITIZENS ARE ADVISED TO BE ON THE ALERT. RACISM IS ARMED AND DANGEROUS AND WILL DESTROY

WITHOUT SUFFICIENT CAUSE

PROTECT YOU HOMES AND FAMILIES UNTIL CAUGHT

Racism - What is It?

The attitude, belief and associated feeling's) that white people are inherently superior to nonwhite and darker skinned people, or that darker skinned people are inherently inferior to white people

Vocabulary

Personal / Individual Racism Institutional racism Dominant Cultural Racism Overt Racism Covert Racism Intentional Racism Unintentional Racism

Vocabulary (cont’d)

Prejudice Discrimination Ethnocentrism Stereotyping Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Moral Self-Interests Material Self-Interests

Personal / Individual Racism

A belief or feeling of racial superiority with corresponding negative racial attitudes that may be expressed through the most subtle behavior to the violent acts

Any act, attitude, belief held by an individual (or subsequent action) which subordinates or subjugates a person or group of persons because of the skin color.

Personal / Individual Racism

The assumption that psycho-cultural traits and capabilities are determined by biological race, and that the races differ decisively, one from another, which is coupled with a belief in the inherent superiority of a particular race and/or its right to dominion over others.

Racism results from the transformation of race prejudice and/or ethnocentrism through the exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior, by individuals and institutions, with intentional or unintentional support of the majority of the culture.

Connections

Explain how all the individual topics fit together

How The Self-Image Is Formed

Positive Words, Pictures and Feelings or

Negative Words, Pictures and Feelings

Imagination X Vividness = Subconscious Reality

SELF-IMAGECYCLE

SELF TALK BUILDS SELF IMAGE

SELF IMAGE CONTROLS REAL PERFORMANCE

REAL PERFORMANCE REINFORCES SELF TALK

AFFIRMATIONS & VISUALIZATIONS ENHANCES CYCLE

SELF TALK

SELFIMAGE

REALPERFORMANCE

The POWER Diamond

LAWRESOURCESPOWERCULTURE

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

LAW

CULTURE RESOURCES

POWER

CYCLE OF RACISM

COMMUNICATIONS SUPERIORITY /

INFERIORITY GEOGRAPHIC

EXCLUSION DISCRIMINATION INEQUALITY REINFORCED BELIEFS

RACISM

COMMUNICATIONS

LANGUAGE BARRIER MISUNDERSTANDING MISCONCEPTIONS IGNORANCE HYPOCRISY PREJUDICE CULTURAL

ARROGANCE IDEOLOGICAL VALUES

RACISM

RELATIONSHIPSUNDER RACISM

ASSUMED SUPERIORITY

ASSUMED INFERIORITY

SEGREGATION POLARIZATION SUBORDINATION EXPLOITATION

RACISM

Institutional Racism

Policies, practices or functions that have been installed that protect and

condone personal racism.

Dominant Cultural Racism

Those actions, activities and practices that are traditional, which have become a part of the social order which condone personal or institutional racism.

The sum total of all the varied beliefs, traditional, attitudes, values, needs, norms, standards which create, maintains and / or perpetuates the “racist” society.

Overt / Covert Racism

Those actions that are openly / publicly demonstrated and are easily identified

Those actions that are hidden, ranging from subliminal to subterfuge, hard to identify and destructive.

Intentional / Unintentional Racism

Those actions that are done deliberately and with purpose

Those actions that are done inadvertently or as a result of traditional thought or cultural training.

Prejudice

A preconceived judgment or opinion, with faulty reasoning, may be explicitly implied or expressed vocally. Prejudice is an internal

disposition about a person or group of person without bothering to

verify the opinion or examine its merit.

Discrimination

The external act's) of prejudice in words or action. The practice of

differential and unequal treatment, usually by the dominant or majority

group.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one’s own group, institution or culture is better and inherently

superior to others. White ethnocentrism translated into an inhuman attitude and behavior that subordinates, subjugates or exploits people based on differences

that are considered inferior, usually non-white in origin, and having the power to reward or punish in order to maintain

that belief system.

Stereotyping

Any activity by individuals, groups, institutions or cultures that treat

other human beings unjustly because of color, then, rationalizes

that treatment by attributing to those beings biological, social and

cultural characteristics that are undesirable.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A theory that we as individuals, if we are seen as an authority figure, has

an extra-ordinary unknown influence on others which if translated into the power of

expectation alone, by example, can influence the behavior of others to

become what we expect or predict.

Moral / Material Self Interests

Surfaced through issues such as bussing, zoning, redlining etc., which harbors the concept “we don’t want to live near them, because we want to protect our children,” or “they’re dirty, nasty and smell bad.”

Action mode which harbors the ideology “What in it for me (or us.)” , “What will I lose…” or “..if I allow integration, my property value will decrease or crime will run rampant.”

Socialization and Racism

The process is an all encompassing education in which goals and roles are taught or acquired. Pressure is applied by rewarding, punishing, ignoring or other expectation that pushes a youth toward displaying “acceptable” behavior.

Webster: To fit or to train for a social environment

Racism is a learned attitude and developed behavior that is picked up through the home, church, school and other institutions which a child is involved in their growth years

Types of Racist Action

LocutionBad mouthing. Public or Private. Subtle

racismAvoidance

Overt and identifiable action in social or public forum which harbors segregationist or separatist beliefs.

DiscriminationOpen action which has exclusionary

consequences against people of colorPhysical Attack

Riot, Mob violence, LynchingGenocide

Extermination

Institutions

An institution is a significant, and persistent element, in the life of a culture.

Centers on a fundamental need, activity or value

Institutional practice, relationship or organization

Occupies an enduring or cardinal position in a society

Maintained stable by social, federal, regulatory and economic agencies.

Institutional Racism

Involves have the power of an institution to carry out systemic discriminatory practices in any one or all institutional of a society.

The ability to utilize the institutions of a society to inequitably distribute the resources (or manage to the consistent disadvantage of people of color) the resources maintained by the organization for the society at large.

Levels of Institutional Racism

Discrimination Forced Assimilation Segregation Slavery Genocide

Discrimination

Exclusion from the institution on the basis of color or culture. Discriminatory practices may be unintentional with the end result creating an exclusionary barrier.

Forced Assimilation

Person or groups of people who are forced to lose (or forsake) their individual social or cultural identity (or heritage) in order to become partially accepted into the core institutional activities.

Segregation

Isolation, separation or blocking access to the resources of the institution, or from positions of affluence in the institution.

Slavery

To bring physically under the yoke of power held by an institution, or to bring into total servitude to representatives of the institution

Genocide

Extreme form of institutional racism which result in the elimination of those persons or groups who are different through utilization of the power of the institutions

EFFECTS AND AFFECTSUNDER RACISM

DISCRIMINATION INEQUALITY POVERTY ADVERSE BELIEFS ADVERSE VALUES REINFORCE THE

NEGATIVE

Institutional Character

Control of major activities by the majority culture Power in the hands of a few Dependent upon long established traditions Committed to limited risk policies and procedures Highly organized, departmentalized and stratified Profit and/or mission oriented Conservative ‘status quo’ philosophy Efficient and impersonal Resistant to change and innovation: permanence

is normalcy and stability

Institutional Practices Harboring Racism

Education (IQ, SFP, Miseducation) Legal System (Policing, Biases, Controls) Employment Agencies (Qualifications) Labor Unions) (Seniority Systems) Business (Restrictions Free

Enterprise/Competition) Industries (Limited Risk Policies/Glass Ceiling) Civic Organizations (Lack of Business Control) Government (Voting Rights. Power Use, Crises) The Military (Racial Conflicts)

Social and Costs of Institutional Racism

Loss of Human Resource Potential Distortion of Values to Justify Action Loss of Personal Self-respect Narrows Viewpoints, defensiveness,

hostile attitudes Economic strain on victims and perps Constrains political, social and

cultural development

Social and Costs of Institutional Racism Cont’d

Incentive Lost Creates dependency on federal

government for justice Creates central city ghettos,

enterprise zones and urban blithe Imposes monetary burden on society Prevents beneficial coalitions Dehumanization

Institutional Checklist

Are there laws denying individuals or groups admission into systems based on race, color or ethnicity?

Is there a seniority promotion system whereby some groups are excluded from competition during part of the time the system is enforce?

Are realtors managing prices on homes in certain areas? Does this pricing adjust according to the race or ethnicity of the buyer?

Institutional Checklist

Does the welfare system maintain the dependency norm, rather that serve as an activity for progressive change and relief?

Are the voting districts modified after each census to ‘gerrymander’ strengths according to gender, race, culture or ethnicity?

Reverse Discrimination

Those policies, practices, procedures or standards that discriminates against the dominant group by affording preferential treatment to the minority group.

Involves using expedient and faulty procedures to meet affirmative actions objectives. Affirmative actions were designed to be a tool to correct part discriminatory imbalances in a functional area, reverse discrimination occurs when ‘quotas’ are attached to meet objective where no problem has existed. Quotas are inflexible. Goals should be used. The misuse example wherein a quota being established with no target group applicant - holding the position vacant

THE HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEM

TEAMWORKPURPOSEPROCESSESPEOPLECOMMUNICATIONS

FEEDBACKGOALSLEADERSHIPCREATIVITYINNOVATIONSFLEXIBILITY

THE HIGH PERFORMING PERSON

SELF IMAGE RISK TAKING HOLISTIC FITNESS VISUALIZATION WORK STYLE NETWORKING BELIEF SYSTEM MANAGING TIME

Principles of African Way of LifeRestoring Ancestry

Reassessment Reclaiming Recommitment Remembrance Retrieval Resumption Resurrection Rejuvenation

Key Barriers to Realization of the African American Dream

Low Achievement Orientation

Unconstructive Climate

Unconstructive Environment

Stunted Individual Growth

Lack of Creative Capacity

Undeveloped Societal Role

Key Barriers to Realization of the African American Dream (cont’d)

Soft Critiquing Negative Intergroup

Relations Ineffective Educational

Methods Inappropriate Leadership Inadequate Team

Organization Inadequate Group

Organization Unqualified Membership Insufficient Parental

Involvement

Contemporary Issues in the Black Community

Education of Black Children

Parental Involvement Level in Education

Quality of Education Economic

Development Business

Development

Communications Drugs in the

Community Violence in the

Community Lack of Unity in

Community Crime in the

Community

Contemporary Issues in the Black Community

Quality of Political Leadership

Single Mothers / Heads of Households

Teen Pregnancy Training for

Economic Empowerment

Lack of Cohesion and Networking Organizations

Poor Parenting Skills High School Dropout

Rate Environmental

Racism Absence of Parental

Involvement in Issues

Lack of Financial Resources in the Hood

Contemporary Issues in the Black Community

No Southern Hospitality

Blacks Doing Business with Other Blacks

Black Networking Prayer in Public

School

Lack of Information Needed to Make Decisions

Lack of Accountability of Black Leadership

Disunity in the Religious World

Contemporary Issues in the Black Community

More Cultural Activity for Youth

Afro-Am Women as Business Owners

Lack of Positive Images in Media

Working Together for the Common Good

Complacency

Job Opportunities for Youth

Black Church /Business Communications

Youth having Forward Aspirations (In Church)

Stigma on Black Business

Contemporary Issues in the Black Community

Black Business Owners not Qualified

Lack of Positive Role Models

Need to Define Meaning of ‘Black’ and ‘Blackness’

Summary

Individual and institutional racism, in its many forms, are social diseases that resist traditional treatment. Racism cannot be seen under any microscope, but it is there.

We provided the tools necessary to recognize it when you have dealing with people.

Democracy depends on the inclusion of all people regardless of race, color or ethnicity.

Where to get more information

Other training sessions See Bibliography, articles, electronic

sources Consulting services, other sources

Bibliography

Hirsch, S. THE RIDDLE OF RACISM. Viking, c1972. 301.451.HIR.

Young, Witney. BEYOND RACISM. McGraw, c1969. 301.451.YOU

Baer, Hans A. THE BLACK SPIRITUAL MOVEMENT: A RELIGIOUS RESPONSE TO RACISM. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.

Bastide, Roger. “COLOR, RACISM AND CHRISTIANITY.” Daedalus. No. 2, Spring 1967, P.56.

Bibliography

Bastide, Roger. “COLOR, RACISM AND CHRISTIANITY.” Daedalus. No. 2, Spring 1967, P.56.

BLACK ANTI-SEMITISM AND JEWISH RACISM by James Baldwin and others Introd. by Nat Hentoff. New York, R. W. Baron, 1969. E185.615 B54

Bromy, David G comp. WHITE RACISM AND BLACK AMERICANS. Edited by David G. Bromley and Charles F. Longino, Jr. Foreword by Shirley Chisolm. Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman Pub. Co.; distributed by General Learning Press Morristown, N. J., c1972. E 185 B873

Bibliography

Jordan, Winthrop D., THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN: Historical Origins of Racism in the United States. 301.4519 JOR

BOGGS, James. RACISM AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE: further pages from a black worker’s notebook. New York, Monthly Review Press, 1970 E185 615 B58

MacCann, Donnarae, comp. THE BLACK AMERICAN IN BOOKS FOR CHILDREN: Readings in Racism. 810.9 MacC

Bibliography

DeNevi, Donald P. comp. RACISM AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY; documentary perspectives 1870-1910. Editors: Donald P. DeNevi and Doris A. Holmes. Introd.: Norvel Smith. San Rafael, Calif. Leswing Press 1973. E185.6 D46.

Franklin, Raymond S. THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF RACISM by Raymond S. Franklin and Solomon Resnik. New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973. E185.615 F72

Bibliography

Goldschmid, Marcel L. comp. BLACK AMERICANS AND WHITE RACISM; theory and research. Edited and Introductions by Marcel L. Goldschmid. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1970. E185.61 C595

INSTITUTIONAL RACISM IN AMERICA Contributors: Owen Blank and others Edited by Louis L. Knowles and Kenneth Prewitt. With an appendix by Harold Baron. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall 1970, c1969. E185.61 I6

Bibliography

Lecky, Robert S. BLACK MANIFESTO: Religion, racism, and reparations, edited by Robert S. Kecky and H. Elliott Wright. New York, Sheed and Ward 1969. E185.615 L4

Lindsey, Paul, 1924 - BREAKING THE BONDS OF RACISM, by Paul and Guilda Lindsey. Homewood, Ill., ETC Publications 1974. E185.61 L573

Monte, Anita. RACISM / Anita Monte. -- New York: Pocket Books, 1972. E185 M6

Bibliography

Perlo, Victor. ECONOMICS OF RACISM U.S. A.: roots of Black inequality / Victor Perlo. - 1st ed. -- New York: International Pub1ishers, l975. E185.8 P418

RACISM AND MENTAL HEALTH: Essays. Charles V. Wilie, Bernard M. Kramer and Bertram S. Brown, editors. Pittsburg University of Pittsburg Press 1973. RA790.6 R3

RACISM AND SLAVERY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: Quantative Studies. Princeton, c1975. (Quantitive studies in History) HT1048 R33

Bibliography

Schwartz, Barry N. WHITE RACISM: Its History, Pathology And Practice / by Barry N. Schwartz and Robert Disch. – New York: Dell Publishing Co., c1970. E185.61 S35

Scott, Benjamin. THE COMING OF THE BLACK MAN. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.

Smith, Hilrie Shelton, 1893 - IN HIS IMAGE, BUT….. Racism in Southern religion, 1780-1910 by H. Shelton Smith. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 1972. BT734.2 S56

Bibliography

Thomas, Alexander, 1914 - RACISM AND PSYCHIATRY, by Alexander Thomas and Samuel Sillen. New York, Brunner/Mazel 1972. E185.625 T47

Wright, Nathan. LET’S FACE RACISM. Camden N.H.T. Nelson 1970. E85.61 W947

Young, Whitney M. BEYOND RACISM: building an open society. By Whitney M. Young, Jr. 1st ed. New York, McGraw-Hill 1969. E185.615 Y6

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