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Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus III (from Persian seal, 6 th Century b.c. Mentioned in Ezra 4:6 by throne name Xerxes Temple construction remained stalled during his reign
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Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Jan 15, 2016

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Virgil Bennett
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Page 1: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Persian Kings550 – 530: Cyrus the Great530 – 522: Cambyses

Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber

Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus III (from Persian seal, 6th Century b.c.

Mentioned in Ezra 4:6 by throne name Xerxes

Temple construction remained stalled during his reign

Page 2: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

530 – 522: Cambyses

530: Assassinated his brother Smerdis

525: Attacked Egypt – took Memphis

(Egypt remained under Persian control until Alexander)

Page 3: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

530 – 522: Cambyses

530: Assassinated his brother Smerdis

525: Attacked Egypt – took Memphis

524-522: Three disastrous campaigns

Page 4: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

530 – 522: Cambyses

530: Assassinated his brother Smerdis

525: Attacked Egypt – took Memphis

524-522: Three disastrous campaigns

522: Cambyses outraged the Egyptians killing the Apis Bull

Page 5: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

The Apis Bull of the Egyptians, one of their most sacred objects of worship

Page 6: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

530 – 522: Cambyses

530: Assassinated his brother Smerdis

525: Attacked Egypt – took Memphis

524-522: Three disastrous campaigns

522: Cambyses outraged the Egyptians killing the Apis Bull

Commited suicide returning home – following coup in Ecbatana

Page 7: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Persian Kings550 – 530: Cyrus the Great

530 – 522: Cambyses

522: Pseudo-Smerdis

Gaumata was a Mede, a Magi, and pretended to be Smerdis

Killed in conspiracy led by Darius, a military commander

Gaumata (throne name: Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24)), keeps temple construction at standstill

Hoped to reinstate Median religion and dominance

Page 8: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Persian Kings550 – 530: Cyrus the Great

530 – 522: Cambyses

522: Pseudo-Smerdis

522 – 486: Darius the Great

Page 9: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)Brilliant consolidator of the Persian Empire

Page 10: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)Brilliant consolidator of the Persian Empire

Reinstated Persian mono-theistic religion

Faravahar (or Ferohar), one of the primary symbols of Zoroastrianism, believed to be the depiction of a Fravashi (guardian spirit)

Page 11: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)Brilliant consolidator of the Persian Empire

Reinstated Persian mono-theistic religion

Established universal currency – the Daric

Gold darics such as this one (with a purity of 95.83%) were only issued by the king himself.

Page 12: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)Brilliant consolidator of the Persian Empire

Reinstated Persian mono-theistic religion

Established universal currency – the Daric

Undertook expansive building projects in Persepolis and elsewhere

Page 13: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

The ruins of Persepolis. In the foreground is the treasure house, right behind the

Palace of Darius.

Page 14: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Persepolis ruins

Page 15: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)521 – 515: Put down minor revolts after Cambyses

520: Reauthorizes the temple project (Ezr. 5:3 – 6:12)

Haggai encouraged the people to work (520)

Zechariah preached his “night visions” (519)

Page 16: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

1) Four Horses (1:7-17): The world was at peace under Darius

2) Four Horns (1:18-21): Disruptive powers now under control

3) Measuring Line (2:1-13): Jerusalem protected though unwalled

4) Priest Joshua (3): High Priest purified for his duties

Zechariah’s Night Visions

5) Zerubbabel (4): Zerubbabel told “not by might…but by my spirit”

6) Flying Scroll (5:1-4): A judgment intended to purge the land

7) Wicked Woman (5:5-11): Symbolized by wickedness banished

8) Four Chariots (6:1-8): Call God’s people from all places to return

Page 17: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Darius the Great (521 – 486)521 – 515: Putting down minor revolts after Cambyses

520: Darius reauthorizes the temple project (Ezr. 5:3 – 6:12)

Haggai encouraged the people to work (520)

Zechariah preached his “night visions” (519)

516: Second Temple is completed (Ezra 6:13 – 22)

514: Darius Launched his western campaign

Page 18: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

514-512: Darius consolidates control of Asia Minor

510-500: Darius largely taken with building projects in his major cities

Page 19: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

514-512: Darius consolidates control of Asia Minor

510-500: Darius largely taken with building projects in his major cities

498: Athenians sack Sardis – and provoke Ionian rebellion

Page 20: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

514-512: Darius consolidates control of Asia Minor

510-500: Darius largely taken with building projects in his major cities

498: Athenians sack Sardis – and provoke Ionian rebellion

494: Darius puts down the Ionian rebellion

Page 21: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

514-512: Darius consolidates control of Asia Minor

510-500: Darius largely taken with building projects in his major cities

498: Athenians sack Sardis – and provoke Ionian rebellion

494: Darius puts down the Ionian rebellion

490: Darius defeated at the famous Battle of Marathon

Page 22: Persian Kings 550 – 530: Cyrus the Great 530 – 522: Cambyses Son of Cyrus – but nothing of his caliber Cambyses of Persia capturing Pharaoh Psammetichus.

Tomb of Darius the Great (d. 486 b.c); located next to other Achaemenian kings at Naqsh-e Rustam