Persia and India Unit 3
Feb 24, 2016
Agenda
• Bellringer• Religions Chart• Reading • Lecture • Timeline
– Homework Reading Ch 4.3 in textbook
Religions Chart
• Complete the Judaism Colum on your religions chart using your notes
• Complete Zoroastrianism column using pg 96
Mesopotamia after the Sumerians
• Assyrians– Warrior people• From Northern Mesopotamia• Lack of natural barriers make them war like
Assyrians Military
• Glorified military strength – Iron making technology • Iron swords, spear, and arrows
– Tactics– Engineering • Planned ahead
Assyrian Treatment of Captive People
• Killed or enslaved captives• Moved conquered people away from their
homelands
Assyrian Rule
• Organized territories into provinces
• Emperies close people to govern areas or supported Kings who gave in to the Assyrians
• Taxes and tribute• Armies protect the empire
Fall of the Assyrian Empire
• Had many enemies • Chaldean destroy Nineveh– Rebuilt Babylon – Hanging gardens
Agenda
• Review GRAPES Chart • Persia PowerPoint • Creation of timeline
• Homework: Ch 3.1 and 3.2 Worksheet
Pop Challenge
• Place in the correct order.– Phoenicians– Persians – Babylonians – Assyrians– Hebrews
People of Mesopotamia
• Hebrews• Phoenicians• Assyrians
• All conquered by the Babylonians (the New Babylonians!)
• Then by the Persians
Babylonians
• King Nebuchadnezzar • Hanging Gardens (a Wonder
of the World)• Forced the Hebrews to
move to Babylon as slaves– Babylonian Captivity (also
called the Exile)
Persians
• Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern-day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe
Cyrus the Great
• Founder of the Persian Empire• Conquered many lands• Known for his tolerance of other cultures and
religions• Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild
Jerusalem
Cyrus the Great
• Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him
• Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it
Persian Tombs
• Known as the “king of kings”
Cambyses
• Cyrus’ son. He’s not so great.• Cambyses is everything his father is not– Intolerant– Mean– Disliked
• When he dies, the empire falls apart
Darius
• The winner of a mini-civil war was Darius• Not related to Cyrus, but carries on his
tradition• Creates the largest empire in the world up to
that time
Darius
• Re-conquers the empire• Restores tolerance• Invades Greece• Creates the Persian imperial
achievements
Imperial Bureaucracy
• Imperial = belonging to an empire• Bureaucracy = organizational structure in
government that is in charge of running things• Darius built a really good one to manage his
large empire
The Royal Road
• Connected the major Persian cities• Important for:– Communication (messenger system)– Trade– Moving armies
Persian Religion
• Called Zoroastrianism, named after the prophet Zoroaster
• Monotheistic – Ahura Mazda• Based on conflict between good and evil• People choose sides and their soul is rewarded
for choosing well
Persia Timeline
• Create a timeline of the Persian Empire– Label at 5 major events in Persian History – Write a Description for each event– Add two visuals for your timeline
Bellringer
• Pull out a piece of paper and divide it into 4 part. • Write Persia at the top• In the four section write the following and write
down what you remember for each section – Government– Religion – Achievements– Leaders
Agenda
• Bellringer• Review of Persia • Indo Europeans – Religions Chart
• Vocabulary
• Homework– Worksheet 7.1 & 7.2
Objectives
28. Explain the impact of Aryan migration into India.
29. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Hinduism
Question 2
• Which of the following was the Religion of the Persian Empire A. BuddhismB. Zoroasterism C. Hinduism D. Ziggerat
Question 3
• Compared to the Assryians the Persians…..1. Were tolerant towards conquered people2. Were Mean towards conquered people3. Tortured and cut off their heads
India Geography
• Isolated– Peninsula– Sub-continent• Himalaya• Hindu-Kush
• But, mountain passes allow migration
Aryan Migrations
• Aryan nomadic groups– Come from north of
the Black Sea– Move into parts of
Asia and Europe• Settle in India among
the agricultural people already there
Aryan Culture
• Aryans brought elements of their culture to India– Gods– Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads– Religious rituals– Social class structure
• Imposed their beliefs on the natives
World Religions Chart
• Pull out your world religions chart• Using your book complete the Hinduism
column of your chart – Pg 62-64 Chapter 3.2
The Caste System
• The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs– Caste determines your social status, job, friends,
spouse– Cannot change caste in your lifetime– Move up if you lead a good life and follow the
rules
The Brahman
• Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul”
• The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman
Hindu Gods
• All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman•Manifestation: appearance in bodily
form– Hundreds or thousands of “gods”– VERY open religion – can worship many different
things and be a Hindu• Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?
Freeing the Soul
• To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha
• This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete
• Reaching moksha ends reincarnation
Reincarnation
• Your position in the next life is determined by karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life
• Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward
Bellringer
On a sheet of paper answer the following question
Match the word with the correct definition
Moska Dharma Karma
1. the sum of your good and bad deeds 2. achieve perfect understanding3. the duty of your role in life
Objectives
• Explain the connection between Buddhism and Hinduism
• Identify the characteristic of Buddhism
Agenda
• Bellringer• Finish Video • Religions chart• Buddhism v. Hinduism
• Homework: Study your Hinduism and Buddhism Vocabulary words
Hinduism’s Problems• Some people did not like– Inequality– Inaccessibility (need
priests to interact with gods for you)
The Solution• A new faith• Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from
the world. • When he left his palace, he was shocked by
what he saw– Became the founder of Buddhism
Buddha
• Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom
• No one he met had any wisdom
• So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world– He became known as the
Buddha: awakened or enlightened one
Four Noble Truths
1. To live is to suffer2. Suffering is caused by desire3. To end suffering, you must get rid of all
desires4. To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to
enlightenment
Nirvana
• nirvana : Enlightenment (unfair) • Enlightenment can be achieved by acting,
thinking, and believing in the proper way• Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation
Karma
• Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus• Instead of determining caste, karma provides
your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.)
• Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions
Solving Problems
• Hinduism has inequality– Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists
belong to the religious community• Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests– Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation
and self-improvement– Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime
About Buddha
• Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama
• Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development
Agenda
• Lecture Mauryan and Gupta Empires• Short Video Clip• Essay Writing
Homework • Complete your essay for homework
Objective
• Creating a compare and contrast thesis• Identifying the characteristics of Classical India
Asoka• Chandragupta’s Son• Harsh and Brutal Warrior• Battle at Kautilya– Kills 100,000 soldiers– Feels bad– Starts studying Buddhism and
converts • Preaches nonviolence
Achievements • Unifying India• Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka• Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers
Political • Bureaucracy• Divides empire into 4
provinces • Royal prices govern
provinces– Officials collect taxes and
carry out laws