Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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Niha`; 5-53-54

QGIPA@ RPEPAR BMQTP MN EVVAEHR

NMT PLA NMQTPL BITBQIP

Gm' 54/56>3

Pla Lmgmtedha Tibj Vatty(

Vheigpinn/Evvahhegp/Om~egp

Pla Lmgmtedha Gasp Cigctibl( Pla Lmgmtedha Kmg

Lqgproeg( Kt'( eg` pla Lmgmtedha Tibj Regpmtqo(

Igpat~agmt/Vheigpinnr(

~'

Blethar Kq``( Jiodathy Dmsatr( eg` @mg Vehoat(

oaodatr mn pla ^itcigie Dmet` mn Ahabpimgr( ig

plait mnnibieh bevebipiar(

@anag`egpr/Evvahhaar/Tarvmg`agpr'

MT@AT

SIHJIGRMG( ECAA( eg` @IE[( Bitbqip Kq`car;

Pla Lmgmtedha Tibj Vatty ,lataigenpat Om~egp) ler tauqarpa`

plir bmqtp ig eg aoatcagby ompimg pm irrqa eg igkqgbpimg

mt`atigc Om~egpr geoa pm evvaet ehmgcri`a mplatr mg pla dehhmp

nmt pla Tavqdhibeg vtioety nmt pla Bmoomgsaehpl mn ^itcigie( mt

ig pla ehpatgepi~a( plep plir Bmqtp irrqa eg igkqgbpimg mt`atigc

pla Tarvmg`agpr gmp pm mt`at( vtigp( mt oeih dehhmpr vtimt pm

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pla Bmqtpr nigeh bmgri`atepimg mn plir evvaeh'5 Mg Kegqety 52(

4654( pla `irptibp bmqtp `agia` pla Om~egpr aoatcagby ompimg

nmt e paovmtety tarpteigigc mt`at eg` vtahioigety igkqgbpimg'

Plir bmqtp ir tauqita` pm ebp sipl pla qpomrp a|va`ipimg ig

tqhigc qvmg pla aoatcagby ompimg nmt igkqgbpi~a tahian dabeqra

qg`at pla Qginmtoa` eg` M~atraer Bipi{agr Edragpaa ^mpigc Ebp(

tarvmg`agpr oqrp oeih tauqarpa` edragpaa dehhmpr pm oihipety eg`

m~atraer ~mpatr dy Repqt`ey( Kegqety 45( 4654' Raa 04 Q'R'B'

5932nn/5,e),

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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Vtari`agp slm jgas pla tauqitaoagpr eg` neiha` pm repirny plao

pm raaj ep e pet`y eg` dahepa` lmqt pm blegca pla tqhar mn pla

ceoa' Plir smqh` gmp da neit pm pla rpepar mt pm mplat

beg`i`epar slm `i` bmovhy sipl pla vtarbtida` vtmbarrar ig e

pioahy oeggat eg` ip smqh` pltms pla vtari`agpieh gmoigepigc

vtmbarr igpm e``a` pqtomih'

I'

E'

Hija oegy rpepar( ^itcigie ler e bmovtalagri~a tacqhepmty

rblaoa cm~atgigc ipr ~etimqr ahabpimgr( igbhq`igc vtari`agpieh

vtioety bmgparpr' Qg`at pla Bmoomgsaehplr ahabpimg hesr( e

beg`i`epa raajigc pm vetpibivepa ig e ^itcigie vtari`agpieh

vtioety ir tauqita` pm niha sipl pla ^itcigie Rpepa Dmet` mn

Ahabpimgr ,pla Dmet`) vapipimgr ricga` dy ep haerp 56(666

uqehinia` ~mpatr( igbhq`igc ep haerp 066 uqehinia` ~mpatr ntmo

aebl bmgctarrimgeh `irptibp ig pla Bmoomgsaehpl( slm epparp plep

play igpag` pm vetpibivepa ig pla vtioety mn pla reoa vmhipibeh

vetpy er pla beg`i`epa ' ' ' dy pla vtioety nihigc `ae`higa'

^e' Bm`a Egg' 40'4101,D)'

Ig e``ipimg pm tauqitigc 56(666 ricgepqtar ntmo uqehinia`

~mpatr( ^itcigie hes vhebar tarptibpimgr mg slm beg bitbqhepa

vapipimgr' Ebbmt`igc pm rabpimg 40'4/145 mn pla ^itcigie Bm`a(

e beg`i`epa nmt gmoigepimg dy vtioety nmt egy mnniba rlehh da

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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tauqita` pm niha sipl lir `abhetepimg mn beg`i`eby e vapipimg

nmt lir geoa pm da vtigpa` mg pla mnnibieh vtioety dehhmp( eg`

aebl ricgepqta mg plep vapipimg oqrp le~a daag sipgarra` dy e

vatrmg slm ir liorahn e uqehinia` ~mpat( mt uqehinia` pm

tacirpat pm ~mpa( nmt pla mnniba nmt slibl la ir bitbqhepigc pla

vapipimg' I`' 40'4145' Eomgc mplat tauqitaoagpr( mga oqrp

da e tari`agp mn pla Bmoomgsaehpl pm da uqehinia` pm ~mpa ig

^itcigie' I`' 40'4565' Bmgrauqagphy( mghy ^itcigie

tari`agpr beg rat~a er vapipimg bitbqhepmtr nmt pla vqtvmrar mn

e ^itcigie vtioety ahabpimg beoveicg'

^itcigie hes ehrm vtm~i`ar plep pla tauqitaoagpr

evvhibedha pm e vetpyr vtioety rlehh da `apatoiga` ep haerp 96

`eyr vtimt pm pla vtioety `epa eg` ' ' ' evvtm~a` dy ' ' ' pla

Rpepa Dmet`' I`' 40'4101,E)' Pla Dmet` ig pqtg ir

aovmsata` pm oeja tqhar eg` tacqhepimgr eg` irrqa igrptqbpimgr

eg` vtm~i`a ignmtoepimg plep ir bmgrirpagp sipl pla

Bmoomgsaehplr ahabpimg hesr' I`' 40'4/562' Ig jaavigc sipl

plara vtm~irimgr( pla Dmet` e`mvpa` e `mbqoagp agpipha`

@ae`higar( @qpiar eg` Dehhmp Ebbarr Tauqitaoagpr nmt

^itcigier 4654 vtari`agpieh vtioety bmgparp mg Oey 41( 4655'

Pla `mbqoagp oe`a bhaet plep beg`i`epar sata tauqita` pm niha

plait Bmgragp-@abhetepimg mn Beg`i`eby er sahh er vapipimgr dy

@abaodat 44( 4655' Ig ipr Vapipimg Tauqitaoagpr( pla `mbqoagp

ehrm taipatepa` plep e beg`i`epa oqrp vtm~i`a mg aebl veca mn

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pla vapipimgr eg enni`e~ip ricga` qg`at mepl dy pla vatrmg slm

bitbqhepa` ip plep ' ' ' r-la ir tacirpata`( mt ahicidha pm da

tacirpata`( pm ~mpa ig ^itcigie'

Qg`at plir tacqhepmty rblaoa( e si`a ettey mn beg`i`epar

ler oegeca` pm ebbarr pla ^itcigie vtioety dehhmp' Ig 466( 4655' Mg @abaodat 44( 4655( la rqdoippa` lir ^itcigie

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@abhetepimg mn Beg`i`eby eg` lir vapipimg ricgepqtar'

Igpat~agmt Cigctibl bheior plep la rqdoippa` 55(616 ricgepqtar(

dqp pla Dmet` rpepar plep harr pleg 56(666 mn pla rqdoippa`

ricgepqtar sata ~ehi`'

Igpat~agmt Lqgproeg niha` lir Rpepaoagp mn Beg`i`eby sipl

pla NAB mg Kqga 4( 4654'

Igpat~agmt Regpmtqo niha` lir NAB Rpepaoagp mn Beg`i`eby mg

Kqga >( 4655' Pla vetpiar `irectaa er pm slaplat la rqdoippa`

lir ^itcigie @abhetepimg mn Beg`i`eby' Igpat~agmt bheior plep

la rqdoippa` omta pleg

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igkqgbpi~a tahian eceigrp `anag`egpr/tarvmg`agpr Blethar Kq``(

Jiodathy Dmsatr( eg` @mg Vehoat( oaodatr mn pla Dmet`( er sahh

er Oqhhigr' Mg Kegqety 0( 4654( Igpat~agmtr Cigctibl( Lqgproeg(

eg` Regpmtqo niha` e ompimg pm igpat~aga( slibl pla `irptibp

bmqtp ctegpa`' Om~egp eg` Igpat~agmtr ,bmhhabpi~ahy(

vheigpinnr) ehhaca` plep pla Bmoomgsaehplr tari`agby

tauqitaoagp nmt bitbqhepmtr eg` ipr 56(666 ricgepqtar

tauqitaoagp ~imhepa` plait Nitrp Eoag`oagp ntaa`mor mn rvaabl

eg` errmbiepimg eg` rmqclp e vtahioigety igkqgbpimg mt`atigc pla

`anag`egpr pm batpiny plao er beg`i`epar nmt pla vtioety dehhmp'

B'

Nmhhmsigc eg a~i`agpiety laetigc( pla `irptibp bmqtp `agia`

vheigpinnr ompimg nmt e vtahioigety igkqgbpimg mg Kegqety 52(

4654' Pla bmqtp nitrp `apatoiga` plep pla auqipedha `mbptiga mn

heblar detta` plait tauqarp nmt tahian' Ip nmqg` plep

vheigpinnr bmqh` le~a dtmqclp plait bmgrpipqpimgeh blehhagca pm

^itcigier tari`agby tauqitaoagp nmt vapipimg bitbqhepmtr er

rmmg play sata edha pm bitbqhepa vapipimgr ig pla rqooat mn

4655( dqp igrpae` blmra pm seip qgpih enpat pla @abaodat 44(

4655 `ae`higa danmta raajigc tahian' Pla `irptibp bmqtp

bmgbhq`a` plir `ahey `irvheya` eg qgtaermgedha eg` iga|bqredha

hebj mn `ihicagba mg vheigpinnr vetp plep ler ricginibegphy

letoa` pla `anag`egpr' Rvabinibehhy( ip `apatoiga` plep pla

`aheya` gepqta mn plir rqip le` ehtae`y ptegrnmtoa` pla Dmet`r

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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1 Q'R' 4>1( 45)' Sa dahia~a plep pla

Dmet` ser edha pm repirny dmpl ahaoagpr mn plir `anagra'

E'

Sa rlehh nitrp bmgri`at pla uqarpimg mn Om~egpr hebj mn

`ihicagba' Om~egp etcqar plep pla `irptibp bmqtp atta` ig

bmgbhq`igc plep la ser gmp `ihicagp ig vqtrqigc lir Nitrp

Eoag`oagp blehhagca pm ^itcigier ~etimqr ahabpimg hesr' Pm

vtm~a e hebj mn `ihicagba( pla Dmet` oqrp rlms plep Om~egp

`aheya` iga|bqredhy mt qgtaermgedhy ig nihigc rqip( Slipa ~'

@egiah( 969 N'4` 99( 564 ,0pl Bit' 5996)( eg` plep ir

qguqarpimgedhy slep levvaga` lata'

@arvipa pla nebp la ser edha pm dtigc plara bmgrpipqpimgeh

blehhagcar nmt m~at nmqt omgplr danmta pla nihigc `ae`higa mn

@abaodat 44( 4655( Om~egp seipa` qgpih pla aha~agpl lmqt pm

vqtrqa lir bheior' Er pla `irptibp bmqtp nmqg`( Om~egpr

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bmcgi{edha igkqty mbbqtta` gm hepat pleg Eqcqrp 52( 4655( pla

`ey mg slibl la `abheta` lir beg`i`eby nmt Vtari`agp' Ep plep

vmigp( pla Bmoomgsaehplr tari`agby tauqitaoagp vta~agpa` lio

ntmo qrigc gmg/^itcigieg vapipimg bitbqhepmtr' Er e oeppat mn

hes( plep tauqitaoagp ser tiva nmt Nitrp Eoag`oagp blehhagca'

Raa( a'c'( Oihhat ~' Dtmsg( 0>4 N'2` 254( 259 ,0pl Bit' 466>)

,lmh`igc plep e vta/agnmtbaoagp Nitrp Eoag`oagp blehhagca pm

^itcigier mvag vtioety hes vtaragpr e vqtahy haceh uqarpimg

eg` ir plqr nip nmt ta~ias)' Omtam~at( Om~egp le` a~aty

igbagpi~a pm blehhagca pla tauqitaoagp ep plep pioa' Rqbbarr ig

eg aethy bmgrpipqpimgeh blehhagca smqh` le~a ehhmsa` Om~egp pm

oe|ioi{a pla gqodat mn lir vapipimg bitbqhepmtr eg` oigioi{a pla

eomqgp mn pioa ip pmmj pm ebuqita pla tauqiripa 56(666

ricgepqtar' Ga~atplaharr( la blmra pm rip mg lir ticlp pm

blehhagca plir vtm~irimg qgpih enpat la le` daag `agia` e vheba

mg pla dehhmp' Plir `ahidatepa `ahey vtabhq`ar pla vmrridihipy

mn auqipedha tahian' Nmt auqipy oigirpatr pm pla ~icihegp( gmp

pm plmra slm rhaav qvmg plait ticlpr' Pa|ebm V'T'( Igb' ~'

@avp mn Bmgrqoat Enneitr( >6 N'2` 3(

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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vtioety dehhmp( ^e' Bm`a Egg' 40'4/145 ,aovlerir e``a`)( eg`

plep Zr_qbl vapipimgr rlehh da niha` sipl pla Rpepa Dmet` dy

pla vtioety nihigc `ae`higa' I`' 40'4/101,D)' Pla Dmet` rap

@abaodat 44( 4655 er pla nihigc `ae`higa nmt plir vtioety mg Oey

41( 4655' Nqtplatomta( Za_ebl ricgepqta mg pla vapipimg rlehh

le~a daag sipgarra` dy e vatrmg slm ir liorahn e uqehinia`

~mpat( mt uqehinia` pm tacirpat pm ~mpa( nmt pla mnniba nmt

slibl la ir bitbqhepigc pla vapipimg' I`' 40'4/145 ,aovlerir

e``a`)'

Eoag`a` ig 4666( pla bitbqhepmt tari`agby tauqitaoagp ler

daag ig vheba nmt m~at e `abe`a eg` ler cm~atga` oqhpivha

vtari`agpieh vtioetiar' Eg` vheigpinnr msg a|lidipr

`aomgrptepa plep pla Dmet` e`mvpa` e `mbqoagp agpipha`

@ae`higar( @qpiar eg` Dehhmp Ebbarr Tauqitaoagpr mg Oey 41(

4655( slibl rpepa` plep Zb_eg`i`epar sirligc pm vetpibivepa ig

pla vtari`agpieh vtioety oqrp nmhhms pla vtmba`qtar mqphiga`

dahms( igbhq`igc pla Vapipimg TauqitaoagpZ_ plep play oqrp

vtm~i`a eg enni`e~ip ricga` qg`at mepl dy pla vatrmg slm

bitbqhepa` ip plep ' ' ' r-la ir tacirpata`( mt ahicidha pm da

tacirpata`( pm ~mpa ig ^itcigie' ,aovlerir ig mticigeh)'

^itcigie ler `mga gmpligc pm hae` egymga erptey sipl tarvabp pm

plir tauqitaoagp' Pla tari`agby tauqitaoagp nmt vapipimg

bitbqhepmtr ser qgeodicqmqr eg` e~eihedha nmt ehh pm raa' Psm

beg`i`epar le` gm `innibqhpy `irbatgigc mt nqhnihhigc plara

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tauqitaoagpr( gmt `i` oqhpivha beg`i`epar ig vtari`agpieh

vtioetiar ig pla verp' In Om~egp dahia~a` plir vtm~irimg

~imhepa` pla Bmgrpipqpimg( la bmqh` eg` rlmqh` le~a ebpa`

a|va`ipimqrhy'

In sa sata pm nig` Om~egpr `ahey a|bqredha( sa smqh`

agbmqteca beg`i`epar pm seip qgpih pla herp oigqpa pm dtigc

bmgrpipqpimgeh blehhagcar pm rpepa ahabpimg hesr' Mgba e

beg`i`epa haetga` la le` daag `agia` e vheba mg pla dehhmp( la

smqh` peja lir `irevvmigpoagp pm pla bmqtplmqra eg` levharr

rpepa ahabpimg dmet`r smqh` da nmtba` pm lehp plait rbla`qha`

ahabpimg vtmbarrar pm seip nmt e tqhigc' Blehhagcar plep beoa

iooa`iepahy danmta mt iooa`iepahy enpat pla vtavetepimg eg`

vtigpigc mn dehhmpr smqh` da vetpibqhethy `irtqvpi~a eg` bmrphy

nmt rpepa cm~atgoagpr' Raa @mdrmg ~' @qghev( 13> N' Rqvv' 4`

5

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Slep ir omta( dy vatoippigc beg`i`epar pm seip qgpih enpat

pla dehhmp ler daag rap pm dtigc plait blehhagcar( sa smqh`

vatnmtba hae~a pm qppat rvabqhepimg pla uqarpimg mn slaplat egy

haceh nmqg`epimg a|irpr nmt pla qhpioepa taoa`y mn e``igc e

beg`i`epar geoa pm pla dehhmp' Pla dahepa` gepqta mn Om~egpr

rqip( nmt igrpegba( oejar ip ehh pla omta `innibqhp pm `apatoiga

sipl egy bmgni`agba slaplat e vetpibqhet igkqty ir a~ag

ptebaedha pm pla ehhaca`hy qgbmgrpipqpimgeh tari`agby

tauqitaoagp' Raa Hqkeg ~' @anag`atr mn Sih`hina( 160 Q'R' 111(

196 ,5994) ,lmh`igc plep ig mt`at pm `aomgrptepa rpeg`igc( e

vheigpinn oqrp ehhaca plep ipr igkqty ir neithy ptebaedha pm

pla `anag`egp#r ehhaca`hy qghesnqh bmg`qbp)' Om~egp neiha` pm

rqdoip vapipimgr bmgpeigigc ep haerp 56(666 ricgepqtar pm pla

Dmet` qg`at rabpimg 40'4101,D) mn pla ^itcigie Bm`a( e

tauqitaoagp pla `irptibp bmqtp gmpa` smqh` verr oqrpat a~ag

qg`at pla rptibp rbtqpigy rpeg`et`' Sliha Om~egp mn bmqtra

vta`ibpr plep la smqh` le~a oap pla 56(666 ricgepqta pltarlmh`

in mghy la le` daag ehhmsa` pm qra gmg/^itcigie tari`agpr pm

ceplat ricgepqtar( rqbl bmqgpatnebpqeh rvabqhepimg ir gmp pla

mnniba mn pla na`ateh kq`ibiety' Sa le~a gm igjhigc er pm

slaplat Om~egp smqh` le~a ebpqehhy daag edha pm rabqta 56(666

ricgepqtar( a~ag in gmg/^itcigie tari`agpr sata edha pm

bitbqhepa lir vapipimgr' Ig~ipigc `aheya` blehhagcar hija pla

mga danmta qr pm`ey smqh` hae~a plir bmqtp sipl mghy pla omrp

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ignito a~i`agpiety derir qvmg slibl pm ctegp pla tahian

tauqarpa`'

Regbpimgigc Om~egpr `ahey smqh` gmp mghy gabarripepa rqbl

rvabqhepimg( ip smqh` ehrm tauqita na`ateh bmqtpr pm rahabp

slibl beg`i`epar pm vheba mg rpepa ahabpimg dehhmpr siplmqp

evvtmvtiepa haceh cqi`egba' Lata( Om~egp eg` Igpat~agmtr eta

gmp rioihethy ripqepa` sipl tarvabp pm pla gqoatib ricgepqta

tauqitaoagp' Ig pla `irptibp bmqtp vtmbaa`igcr( Om~egp bheioa`

pm le~a rqdoippa` omta pleg >(666 ricgepqtar( slataer Igpat~agmt

Regpmtqo bheioa` pm le~a rqdoippa` omta pleg

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arpedhirla` ahabpimg tauqitaoagpr neihr pm a|lidip pla gabarrety

`ihicagba' Raa( a'c'( Nqhegi ~' Lmcrapp( 953 N'4` 564

8/3/2019 Perry et al v. Judd et al Court of Appeals Opinion

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545 N'4`

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le~a `aomgrptepa` plep play sata vtakq`iba` dy Om~egpr hebj mn

`ihicagba' Bmgrauqagphy( pla `irptibp bmqtp `i` gmp att ig

bmgbhq`igc plep heblar detr Om~egpr ompimg nmt e vtahioigety

igkqgbpimg'

III'

Sa nig` gm edqra mn `irbtapimg mg pla vetp mn pla `irptibp

bmqtp ig `agyigc plir ompimg nmt e vtahioigety igkqgbpimg mg pla

derir mn pla auqipedha `mbptiga mn heblar' Ip ir pmm hepa ig

pla `ey pm ctegp Om~egpr tauqarpa` aoatcagby tahian qvmg

evvaeh' Sa `m gmp e``tarr ig egy nerlimg pla oatipr mn Om~egpr

bmgrpipqpimgeh blehhagca pm ^itcigier bitbqhepmt tari`agby

tauqitaoagp dabeqra er pla `irptibp bmqtp gmpa`( e `abirimg mg

heblar tarmh~ar pla ompimg `qa pm pla nebp plep ip mvatepar er

eg ennitoepi~a `anagra' Nmt a~ag in sa errqoa` nmt vqtvmrar mn

etcqoagp plep pla tari`agby tauqitaoagp ~imhepa` pla Nitrp

Eoag`oagp( heblar smqh` rpihh vtabhq`a qr ntmo ctegpigc pla

aoatcagby tahian plep Om~egp raajr' Nmt pla taermgr a|vtarra`

lataig( pla bmqtp `agiar Om~egpr tauqarp nmt eg igkqgbpimg

mt`atigc tarvmg`agpr aiplat pm vheba lir geoa mg pla dehhmp mt

pm tanteig ntmo vtigpigc mt oeihigc dehhmpr qgpih pla bmgbhqrimg

mn plara vtmbaa`igcr' Pla ompimg ir ebbmt`igchy latady

@AGIA@'