perpetual motion pump.docx

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Perpetual motion pump|20

A Project Report

On

Perpetual Motion Pump

by

Submitted to the department of Mechanical Engineering

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Mechanical Engineering

R.R. INSTITUT O! MO"RN T#$NO%O&'( %U#)NO*

Affiliated to

UTTAR PRA"S$ T#$NI#A% UNI+RSIT'( %U#)NO*

MA' ,-/


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

No.

DEL!"!#$%N&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&......iii

E"#$'$!#E&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.i(

!)N%*LED+E,EN#&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.(!B-#"!#&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..(i

L$-# %' #!BLE-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...(ii

L$-# %' P$#"E-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..(iii

L$-# %' -/,B%L-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.&&..i

!P#E" 1&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.........113

1.1 OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………….11.2 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………......21.3 HISTORY……………………………………………………………...41.4 WORKING PRINCIPLE…………………………………………......91.5 DESCRIPTION……………………………………………………….11

!P#E" 2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1621

2.1 COMPONENTS OF VRIBIKE…………………………..…………1!2.2 DESCRIPTION OF CHIN DRIVE MECHNISM…………...…..2"

!P#E" 4&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..&&&&&...2241

3.1 TECHNICL CONCEPTS…………………………………………..#.223.2 SPECIFICTION TBLE………………………………………..… .233.3 RELTIVE GERING……………………………………………....243.4 GENERL CONSIDERTIONS………………………………..…..253.5 LYOUT OF BICYCLE……………………………………….….…2!3.! DVNTGES……………………………..…………………..........2$3.$ PPLICTION…………………….……………………………..…..2%3.% COMPRISION WITH NORML BICYCLE……………………..29

%NL-$%N&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...........40

"E'E"ENE-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.&.&..41


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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the

best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a

substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree

or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except

where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature

DAT!


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Department of Mechanical

EngineeringBansal Institute of Engineering & Technology, LUCKNOW

CERTIFICTE

T&'( '( )* +,-)'/ )&0) -*,+) -,*-) ,)'), 6!er"etual #otion "u#"$7&'+& '( (8:')), ' 0-)'0 8':,) * )&, -,;8'-,:,) *- )&, 070-* ,


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the ".

Tech #ro$ect undertaken during ". Tech. %inal &ear. 'e owe special debt of

gratitude to Professor Shailendra Shukla , Professor Anil Kapoor and

Professor Saurah Di!i" Department of (echanical ngineering, R#R#

Ins"i"u"e of Modern Te$hnolo%&' Lu$kno( for their constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. Their sincerity, thoroughnessand perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is

only their cogni)ant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

'e also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Dur%esh )er*a , *ead of Department of (echanical ngineering, +.+.

Institute of (odern Technology, ucknow for his full support and

assistance during the development of the pro$ect.We also do not like to miss the opportunity to

acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of thedepartment for their kind assistance and cooperation during

the development of our project. Last but not the least, we

acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the

completion of the project.

AN+PAM TIWARI ,-./0--..-.1

KRIS2NA K+MAR ,-./0-3..401

AN+5 K+MAR )ERMA ,-./0-3..--1

PRADEEP K+MAR )ERMA ,-./0-3..671

S2AILES2 K+MAR ,-./0--..631

Cha"ter .


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Cha"ter . !ROBLE %EFINITION

.).!ro/le# 'tate#ent

T* ,('


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()-*< 0)8-0 :,+&0'+0 (,(, )* *7 )&0) :0/# :0/ :, &0=, (,) +*(',-0,(8:( * :*,/ 0 '<)* 0))0' )&, ':*((',A )&0) )&, 0))0':,) * (,:*)'=, *7,- &0( ,,,:*()-0), )* , 0 ':*((''')/. H, 7' 0(7,-# *-# 0) ,0()# &, 7'-,0(* )* &':(, )&0) :0/ )&'*7( 0( ,=,-/ 7,'*-:, ,-(* >*7(# )&0))&,-, 0-, :0/ '()0+,( ' )&, &'()*-/ * )&, '(+*=,-/ 0 ,=,*:,) * )&, :*() ':*-)0) :,+&0'+0 '=,)'*( 0 (+',)''+ '(+*=,-',( 7&,-,)&, ,-('(),) ,*-)( * (*+0, ,)&8('0()'+ -,0:,-( 0 +-0>( '0/)-'8:&, *=,- )&, (,)), 0 +*=,)'*0 ':*((''')',( * '


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1.3 Need for erpet!al Motion !mp"

T&, :0' *,+)'=, '( )* ,('


9/47


Cha"ter 0

0). Co n ce " t 1 e ( e lo " #e n t

Perpetual motion is motion that continues indefinitely without any

external source of energy. This is impossible to eer achiee

because of friction and other sources of energy loss. A perpetual

motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can do wor!

indefinitely without an energy source. This !ind of machine isimpossible" as it would iolate the first or second law of

thermodynamics.

These laws of thermodynamics apply een at the grandest scale# for

example" the motion or rotation of celestial bodies such as planets

may appear perpetual" but are actually sub$ected to many forces

such as solar winds" interstellar

medium resistance" graitation" thermal radiation and electro%

magnetic radiation" and will eentually end.

Thus" machines which extract energy from seemingly perpetual

sources will not operate indefinitely" because they are drien by the

energy stored in the source" which will eentually be exhausted. A

common example is deices powered by ocean currents" whose

energy is ultimately deried from the Sun" which itself will

eentually burn out. Machines powered by more obscure sources

hae been proposed" but are sub$ect to the same inescapable laws"

and will eentually wind down.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_mediumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_mediumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-magnetic_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-magnetic_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#After_core_hydrogen_exhaustionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_mediumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_mediumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-magnetic_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-magnetic_radiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#After_core_hydrogen_exhaustionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction


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,.0 * o r 1 in g p r in c ip le 2

A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine thatcan do wor! indefinitely without an energy source


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&ater comes from high head on blade of wheel turbinethrough tape . this increase the elocity of flow when it impacton blade due to impuse of water wheel rotate at high speed. Itattached to other wheel through chain drie it also rotate at

same speed. This wheel contains round tube it ta!es water from sump and through graity it transfer water to other tan! of different height.

A wor!ing fluid contains potential energy 'pressure head( and !inetic

energy 'elocity head(. The fluid may

becompressible or incompressible. Seeral physical principles are

employed by turbines to collect this energy#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_(hydraulic)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressibilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompressible_fluidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_(hydraulic)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressibilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompressible_fluid


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Impulse turbines change the direction of flow of a high elocity fluid

or gas $et. The resulting impulse spins the turbine and leaes the

fluid flow with diminished !inetic energy. There is no pressure

change of the fluid or gas in the turbine blades 'the moing blades("

as in the case of a steam or gas turbine" all the pressure drop ta!es

place in the stationary blades 'the no))les(. *efore reaching the

turbine" the fluid+s pressure head is changed to velocity head by

accelerating the fluid with a no))le. ,elton wheels and de -aal

turbines use this process exclusiely. Impulse turbines do not require

a pressure casement around the rotor since the fluid $et is created by

the no))le prior to reaching the blades on the rotor. ewton+s second

law describes the transfer of energy for impulse turbines.

/eaction turbines deelop torque by reacting to the gas or fluid+s

pressure or mass. The pressure of the gas or fluid changes as itpasses through the turbine rotor blades. A pressure casement is

needed to contain the wor!ing fluid as it acts on the turbine stage's(

or the turbine must be fully immersed in the fluid flow 'such as with

wind turbines(. The casing contains and directs the wor!ing fluid

and" for water turbines" maintains the suction imparted by thedraft

tube. Francis turbines and most steam turbines use this concept. For

compressible wor!ing fluids" multiple turbine stages are usually used

to harness the expanding gas efficiently.ewton+s thirdlaw describes the transfer of energy for reaction turbines.

In the case of steam turbines" such as would be used for marine

applications or for land%based electricity generation" a ,arsons type

reaction turbine would require approximately double the number of

blade rows as a de -aal type impulse turbine" for the same degree

of thermal energy conersion. &hilst this ma!es the ,arsons turbine

much longer and heaier" the oerall efficiency of a reaction turbineis slightly higher than the equialent impulse turbine for the same

thermal energy conersion.

In practice" modern turbine designs use both reaction and impulse

concepts to arying degrees wheneer possible. &ind turbines use

an airfoil to generate a reaction lift from the moing fluid and impart it

to the rotor. &ind turbines also gain some energy from the impulse

of the wind" by deflecting it at an angle. Turbines with multiple stagesmay utili)e either reaction or impulse blading at high pressure.

St t bi t diti ll i l b t ti t

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine_bladehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_wheelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_second_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_second_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_tubehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_tubehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_third_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_third_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine_bladehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_wheelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_second_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_second_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_(physics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_tubehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_tubehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_third_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion#Newton.27s_third_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force)


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reductions in pressure. 0nder these conditions" blading becomes

strictly a reaction type design with the base of the blade solely

impulse. The reason is due to the effect of the rotation speed for

each blade. As the olume increases" the blade height increases"

and the base of the blade spins at a slower speed relatie to the tip.

This change in speed forces a designer to change from impulse at

the base" to a high reaction style tip.

1lassical turbine design methods were deeloped in the mid 23th

century. 4ector analysis related the fluid flow with turbine shape and

rotation. 5raphical calculation methods were used at first. Formulae

for the basic dimensions of turbine parts are well documented and a

highly efficient machine can be reliably designed for any fluid flow

condition. Some of the calculations are empirical or +rule of thumb+

formulae" and others are based on classical mechanics. As withmost engineering calculations" simplifying assumptions were made.

Turbine inlet guide anes of a turbo$et

4elocity triangles can be used to calculate the basic performance of

a turbine stage. 5as exits the stationary turbine no))le guide anes

at absolute elocity V a2. The rotor rotates at elocity U . /elatie to

the rotor" the elocity of the gas as it impinges on the rotor entrance

is V r2. The gas is turned by the rotor and exits" relatie to the rotor" at

elocity V r6. 7oweer" in absolute terms the rotor exit elocity isV a6.The elocity triangles are constructed using these arious elocity

ectors. 4elocity triangles can be constructed at any section through

the blading 'for example# hub" tip" midsection and so on( but are

usually shown at the mean stage radius. Mean performance for the

stage can be calculated from the elocity triangles" at this radius"

using the Euler equation#

7ence#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_trianglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_triangle


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where#

specific enthalpy drop across stage

turbine entry total 'or stagnation( temperature turbine rotor peripheral elocity

change in whirl elocity

The turbine pressure ratio is a function of

and the turbine efficiency.

"ifference bet3een impul4e an5 reaction

The term impulse and reaction denote the basic type of turbine. The

basic and main difference between impulse and reaction turbine is

that there is pressure change in the fluid as it passes through runner

of reaction turbine while in impulse turbine there is no pressurechange in the runner. In the impulse turbine first all pressure energy

of water conert into the !inetic energy through a no))le and

generate a high speed $et of water. This water $et stri!es the blade of

turbine and rotates it. In the reaction turbine there is pressure

change of water when it passes through the rotor of turbine. So it

uses !inetic energy as well as pressure energy to rotate the turbine.

8ue to this it is !nown as reaction turbine.

1lassification

9ne classification of perpetual motion machines refers to the

particular law of thermodynamics the machines purport to iolate#:2;<

• A perpetual motion machine of the fir4t

1in5 produces wor! without the input of energy. It thus iolates

the first law of thermodynamics# the law of conseration of

energy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(thermodynamics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_conservation_of_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_conservation_of_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(thermodynamics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_conservation_of_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_conservation_of_energy


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mechanical wor!. &hen the thermal energy is equialent to the

wor! done" this does not iolate the law of conseration of

energy. 7oweer" it does iolate the more subtle second law of

thermodynamics 'see also entropy(. The signature of a perpetual

motion machine of the second !ind is that there is only one heat

reseroir inoled" which is being spontaneously cooled without

inoling a transfer of heat to a cooler reseroir. This conersion

of heat into useful wor!" without any side effect" is impossible"

according to the second law of thermodynamics.

• A perpetual motion machine of the thir5 1in5" usually 'but

not always(:22


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18/47


'i3e of 4heel


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,0.

• D8-'< )&, *,-0)'*# ') '( ,+,((0-/ )* )-0(:'):0@':8: *7 0 0 */# * 7&'+& )&, **) -,()( *- '( 0))0+&,#)&0) '( -,, )* -*)0), * , 0- ' < ( 7')& -,(,+) )* )&, (',. P0-)0))0+&, )* +-0> )&0) +/+'() -*)0), )* -*=', )&, '+/+, *7,-A') +*('()( * )&-,, (,, 0( 0, -0'0),# '(', )&,&8 0-, 0 ,0-'


20/47


erits of %ri(e 'haft

1.T&,/ &0=, &'


21/47


ha"ter 6

%esign ssu#"tions

1. T&, (&0) -*)0),( 0) 0 +*()0) (,, 0*8) ')( *


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26/47

Chain 1ri(e?

#hain 5ri6e is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one

place to another. It is often used to coney power to the wheels of a

ehicle" particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a

wide ariety of machines besides ehicles.

Most often" the power is coneyed by a roller chain" !nown as

the 5ri6e chain or tran4mi44ion chain":2or!" 0SA. This has inerted teeth.:6<

Sometimes the power is output by simply rotating the chain" which

can be used to lift or drag ob$ects. In other situations" a second gear

is placed and the power is recoered by attaching shafts or hubs tothis gear. Though drie chains are often simple oal loops" they can

also go around corners by placing more than two gears along the

chain? gears that do not put power into the system or transmit it out

are generally !nown as idler%wheels. *y arying the diameter of the

input and output gears with respect to each other" the gear ratio can

be altered. For example" when the bicycle pedals+ gear rotate once"

it causes the gear that dries the wheels to rotate more than one

reolution.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_chainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive#cite_note-MachinerysHandbook25epp2337-2361-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprockethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_Yorkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idler-wheelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_ratiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_chainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive#cite_note-MachinerysHandbook25epp2337-2361-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprockethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_Yorkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idler-wheelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_ratio


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F,@', M0+&', E,:,)( B,) 0 P8/

B,) -'=,( 0-, +0, ,@', :0+&', ,,:,)(. F,@', :0+&',,,:,)( 0-, 8(, *- 0 0-


28/47

13.1.2 T/'+0 ,) -'=,(

T7* )/,( * ,) -'=,(# 0 *, ,) -'=,# F'


29/47

'-,+)'* 0( T2. E;8''-'8: * )&, ,) (,


30/47

Ball /earing

B*:


31/47


32/47

0 ,0-'< '( 0 )/, * -*''( * -*'


33/47

(', * 0 ,0-'


34/47

4asher '( 0 )&' 0), )/'+0/ '(>(&0, 7')& 0 &*, )/'+0/ '

)&, :', )&0) '( *-:0/ 8(, )* '()-'8), )&, *0 * 0 )&-,0,

0(),,- # (8+& 0( 0 (+-,7 *- 8). O)&,- 8(,( 0-, 0( 0 (0+,-# (-'<

,,=', 70(&,- # 70=, 70(&,-# 7,0- 0# -,*0 ''+0)'< ,='+,#

*+>'< ,='+,# 0 )* -,8+, ='-0)'* -8,- 70(&,- . W0(&,-(

8(80/ &0=, 0 *8),- '0:,),- OD 0*8) )7'+, )&, 7')& * )&,'-

',- '0:,),- ID.

W0(&,-( 0-, 8(80/ :,)0 *- 0()'+. H' (':'0-# 70(&,-( 0 ,)( 0-, 8(80/ ,('


35/47

Washers can /e categorise1 into three ty"es

1. 0' 70(&,-(# 7&'+& (-,0 0 *0# 0 -,=,) 0:0


36/47

2. (-'< 70(&,-(# 7&'+& &0=, 0@'0 ,@''')/ 0 0-, 8(, )*

-,=,) 0(),'< **(,'< 8, )* ='-0)'*(A 0

3. *+>'< 70(&,-( 7&'+& -,=,) 0(),'< **(,'< /

-,=,)'< 8(+-,7'< -*)0)'* * )&, 0(),'< ,='+,A *+>'<

70(&,-( 0-, 8(80/ 0(* (-'< 70(&,-(.

T&, ),-: 70(&,- '( 0(* *), 8(, *- '(+ (&0, ,='+,( 8(,

0(


37/47

• F*-: C L0-,((.

• F*-: D L0-


38/47

"enny 4asher '( 0 0) 70(&,- 7')& 0 0-


39/47


40/47

+*+-,), 0*7'< ') )* , 8(, 0( 0 0+&*- *). T&, +/'-'+0

*-)'* * )&, (+-,7 -*: )&, 8,-(', * )&, &,0 )* )&, )' '( >*7

0( )&, shank A ') :0/ , 8/ )&-,0, *- 0-)'0/ )&-,0,.T&, '()0+,

,)7,, ,0+& )&-,0 '( +0, )&, ')+&.

T&, :0*-')/ * (+-,7( 0-, )'7'(, -*)0)'*# 7&'+& '(

),-:, 0 right!hand thread A 0 +*::* :,:*'+ ,='+,*-

-,:,:,-'< )&'( 7&, 7*->'< 7')& (+-,7( *- *)( '( -'


41/47


42/47


43/47

#hapter 7

,ro$ect cost

1ycle frame 2;;; /s

4 belt pully @;; rs

*earing ;; /s

&heel ;; /s

chain 2;; /s

axle 2;; /s

Stone B;; /s

6 !g mild steel C@;rsD!g 6;;;/s

&elding cost 6 /sDg 6/S

Total =6/s

2;G extra =6 /s

5rand total B;;; /s


44/47

Cha"ter 9

Conclusion

T&, :0' *,+)'=, ,&' ,=,*:,) * P,-,)80 :*)'* 8:

70( * -*8+'< +&,0# ,0(/ )* *,-0), (/(),: 7&'+& +0 , ,0('/

0-'+0), / -,0'/ 0=0'0, :0),-'0 0 )&8( 7, -**(, 0

(':'()'+ ,('',

*,-0)*-. F8-)&,- )&'( ,;8':,) +0 ,0('/ ' ')( 0+, 7&,-, )&,-,

'( * *- ':'), *7,- (8/.


45/47

Cha"ter :

R EFERENCE'

1. M*0> J# B00) . D,(',')*-:.+*:

5.C*=,-)8')(.+*:

!.W,'+/+,.,)0)&(.,)),+&**


46/47

BOOK'

1.6D,(' * ,


47/47

perpetual motion pump.docx

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