Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi 1

Development of Communication TechnologySession 1

Course : O0232-R4/ The Development of Communication Technology

Year : February 2011

20.01.11 Bina Nusantara 3

Learning Contracts

• Every students have to make a Binusian Blog.

• Class will be divided in to 4 groups. Every GSLC 2 groups should present 2 papers in discussion forum.

• During the semester, students will have 13 individual assignment in form of response paper and 1 group assignment in form of presentation in Discussion Forum.

• The individual assignment should submit to Binusmaya on time. The students who does not submit or late for submit will be considered as no task fulfillment.

• The individual paper should also published in their own Binusian Blog. In a certain assignment, students have to make a response paper of other students’ paper that was published in Binusian Blog.

• The Group assignment should be presented in GSLC Discussion Forum. Every students should participate in Discussion Forum


Learning Contracts• The Mid-Term Test (UTS) will be a class

examination or written test.• The Final Test (UAS) will be in form of paper.

Students should submit the paper to Wikipedia or rumahfilm.org.

• Students who successfully published articles on Wikipedia or rumahfilm.org will get an A score for UAS.

• At UAS students must submit the paper and the proven publication of their papers.

Textbooks• Michael. M.A. M & Barbara. L. M. (2004). The New Communication Technology: Applications, Policy, and

Impact. 5th Edition. Focal Press. Oxford. ISBN: 0-240-80586-0. • August. E. G & Jennifer. H.M. (2008). Communication Technology Update and Fundamental. 11th Edition.

Focal Press. Boston. ISBN: 978-0-240-81062-1. • Gary. K.. (2005). Communication Technology and Cultural Change. Sage Publication. London. ISBN: 0 7619

7200 5. • Stephan. J & Ron. K.. (2005). Introduction to Communication Technologies: A Guide for Non-Engineers.

Auerbach Publication. Boca Raton, FL.. ISBN: 0-8493-1266-3. • Lawrence. L. (2004). Free Culture. The Penguin Press. New York. ISBN: 1-59420-006-8. • Henry J.. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York University Press. New

York. ISBN: 978-0-8147-4281-5. • Joseph. S & Robert. L. (2002). Media Now: Communications Media in the Information Age. 3rd Edition.

Wadsworth. Belmont. ISBN: 0-534-55124. • Joseph. S & Robert. L. (2004). Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology.

Wadsworth/Thompson Learning. Belmont. ISBN: 0-534-62019-1. • Roy. B. (2001). Wireless Communication Technology. Thomson Learning. Stamford. ISBN: 07668-1266-9. • Brooke. E. D & Joseph. T.. (2009). Key Readings in Media Today: Mass Communication in Contexts.

Routledge. Oxon, UK. ISBN: 978-0-415-99205-3. • Shirley. B. (2010). Media/Impact: Pengantar Media Massa. Salemba Humanika. Jakarta. ISBN: 978-981-

4319-63-8.



Preparing for Final Exam (UAS) Each student should choose a Topic for his/her paper and have to submit his/her paper to Wikipedia or rumahfilm.org. At the time of sending the draft to the websites, students should submit also to Binusmaya on the assignment section. Students who successfully published articles on Wikipedia or rumahfilm.org will get an A score for UAS. At UAS students must submit the proven publication of their papers.


The Beginning• Morse’s Telegraph (1837)• Bell’s Telephone (1876)• Radio waves by Heinrich Hertz (1887)• Guglielmo Marconi – communicated across

the English Channel in 1899 and across the Atlantic in 1901

• Invention of the triode vacuum tube by Alexander Flemming and used by Lee De Forrest in 1906

• Reginald Fessenden made first public broadcast of voice and music in the late 1906

• 1928 – the first radio system was installed in cars

• Mid 1930s Two-way police radio was occupied• Amplitude Modulation (AM) was used until the

late 1930s when Frequency Modulation (FM) began to displace it

• World War II provided major incentive for the development of mobile & portable radio system i.e walkie-talkies

• Mengenai perbedaan antara gelombang AM dan FM, bisa dijelaskan sebagai berikut. Sinyal suara tidak dapat langsung dipancarkan karena sinyal suara bukan gelombang elektromagnetik. Jika sinyal suara tersebut diubah menjadi gelombang elektromagnetik sekalipun, berapa panjang antena yang dibutuhkan. Untuk dapat mengirimkan sinyal suara dengan lebih mudah, sinyal suara tersebut terlebih dahulu ditumpangkan pada sinyal radio dengan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dari sinyal suara tersebut. Metode untuk menumpangkan sinyal suara pada sinyal radio disebut modulasi. Modulasi yang sering dipakai radio adalah modulasi amplitudo (AM – amplitude modulation) dan modulasi frekuensi (FM – frequency modulation)

Beda utama antara gelombang AM dengan FM adalah cara memodulasi suaranya. Gelombang FM mempunyai range tambahan sebesar plus 455 KHz. Jadi, jika ada frekeensi radio 88.00 FM, sebenarnya dia menggunakan frekuensi 88.00 MHz + 455 KHz. Mengapa ada tambahan 455 KHz? Nah, gelombang FM itu memodulasi suara secara digital. Jadi, gelombang suara audio itu dicacah secara digital sesuai frekuensi audio (batas ambang telinga antara 6 Hz - 20 KHz). Setelah dicacah secara digital (tambahan 455 KHz tadi, sebagai digital audio buffer), sinyal digital tsb. di-mix dengan gelombang radio (carrier) yang berfrekuensi 88.0 MHz tadi, kemudian dilempar ke udara terbuka. Bagaian yang penting dari sistem pemancar FM adalah antena, saluran transmisi, dan pemancar itu sendiri.



Post War Expansion

• AT&T introduced Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) in 1946 – featuring automatic connection of mobile subscribers to public switched telephone network (PSTN) – In Indonesia was around 1970s

• In 1947 Citizens’ Band (CB) was set up, using frequencies near 460 MHz; in 1958 CB was very popular – In Indonesia was around 1980s

• Cordless phone has become ubiquitous – using analog FM in 46-49 MHz – later using digital FM in 900 MHz – to 2.4 GHz – popular because cheap and simple to use – In Indonesia was around 1980s

• In 1962 Pager was introduced -- in Indonesia was around 1970s


The Cellular Revolution • The world’s 1st cellular radio service was installed in Japan

in 1979 – followed by North America in 1983• If IMTS was using a single powerful transmitter located on a

tall tower for wide coverage, cellular power of each transmitter is deliberately kept relatively small so that the coverage area, called cell, will also small.

• First cellular systems used analog FM transmission, digital cellular systems or Personal Communication Systems (PCS) operates in a higher frequency range (about 1.9 GHz

• Current cellular systems sre not only able to send voice but also data such as SMS. MMs, etc.


Convergence and Wireless Communication

• Convergence is the merger of all kinds of previously separate electronic systems

• With convergence, one can communicate with other people in the other hemisphere with ease, and do various things in the same time by simply using a communication techno-logy device.


Technology as A Culture• The speed of change and the acceleration of technological

development are major factors in the destabilization of the local and vernacular world.

• The creation of the virtual world, the electronic world of 'glocalized' presence, destroys the physical presence (Virilio 1997).

• The relationships between physical communication technologies, the social settings in which they appear, the cultural meanings that people construct around them, and the selves and beliefs of human beings, are integral to understanding this history.

• Example: The 9-11 Event - Linked into a global network of observers, People participated with others in two activities. First, they observed passively, watching the barely edited stream of images and listening to the commentary of newscasters. Second, they tried to make sense of the emerging events. In the second task, People were guided by the comments, hypotheses, and statements of the newscasters. How was such an event to be framed either as experience or as meaning?


The New Age of Orality• The fate of the public is similar to the fate of the physical

world in the era of digital communications. What the media says is an expression of what happens in public life. Although there is little deliberate set up by the media so as to form a specific meaning in the minds of audience desired by the media.

• Due to rapid communication technological development, what people liked in the west will be the same as those favored by people in the east. This has led to cultural clashes that occur in society, especially because media literacy is different in each person


Independent Assignment

• Each students should make a response paper about an article from Journal Computer-Mediated Communication, choose one of the links:– http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/kim.html– http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/park.html– http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/min.html– http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue3/hargittai.html

• The paper should be written in APA Styles http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx with minimum 750 words.

• The assignment should be submitted to Binusmaya and published in your own Binusian Blog


Group Presentation• Group 1 should present response paper from

MAM-BLM Chapter 1 & 2• Group 2 should present response paper from AG-

JM Chapter 1-3• Group 3 should present response paper from GK

Chapter 1-2• Group 4 should present response paper from RB

Chapter 1; SB Chapter 1 & 9

end


Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi 1

Technology

students paper

uas students

form of paper

individual paper

new communication technology

new media

hisher paper

bina nusantara