PERKEMBANGAN BUDAYA K3 DI INDUSTRI MIGAS ROSLINORMANSYAH PRAKTISI MIGAS
Aims and objectivesBy the end of the workshop you should understand: the relationship between culture and safety the dimensions of a positive safety culture how to use safety culture assessment tools to drive
improvement how the results can be used to drive improvement
• Modal yang diperlukan sangat besar umumnya jutaan dolar amerika
• Punya resiko yang tinggi di semua aspek (keselamatan orang, lingkungan, modal, dan reputasi)
• Laju kembali modal juga tinggi• Termasuk bisnis jangka panjang (BEP sering lebih dari 20 tahun)
• Operasiny rumit, melibatkan tenaga ahli yang multi displin ilmu, mulai yang teknikal hingga yang tidak teknikal.
• Punya nilai strategis (secara ekonomi dan politik)• Punya dampak yang global
Karakteristik Industri Migas
Struktur Industri Migas
American Petroleum Institute (API) membagi industri migasmenjadi 5 sektor, yaitu:• Upstream (eksplorasi, pengembangan dan produksi minyak mentah dan
gas alam)• Downstream (oil tankers, kilang minyak, penjualan (niaga))• Perpipaan (Pipeline)• Kelautan (Marine)• Jasa dan penyediaan (Service and supply)• The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream and downstream.
Struktur Industri Migas
Namun biasanya industry Migas terbagi atas 3 sector utama, yaitu : upstream, midstream and downstream.
Upstream
Finding, lifting, and processing oil & gas from subsurface into surface and ready for transportation.Also known as Exploration and Production (E&P).
Midstream
Transportation and storage of crude oil and natural gas from E&P plant for further processing by pipeline, railway, road, or tanker.
Downstream
Further processing of crude oil and natural gas into useful final product or raw material for other industry. Also known as Refining & Marketing(R&M)
• Sektor Hulu Migas ini juga sering disebut dengan Eksplorasi & Produksi [exploration and production (E&P) sector]
• Aktifitas dalam sector Hulu ini adalah pencarian lokasi sumber migas, pengeboran minyak mentah dan gas alam, dan selanjutnyamengoperasikan sumber migas ini dengan tujuan membawa minyakmentah dan gas ke permukaan untuk selanjutnya dioleh menjadi sumber energi
• Umumnya pekerjaan‐pekerjaan di sector Hulu banyak dilakukan oleh para kontraktor pengeboran
Upstream (Hulu)
Aktifitas yang ada pada sektor ini adalah : • Gathering: merupakan aktifitas pemindahan minyak mentah/gas alam dengan menggunakan sistem perpipaan menuju fasilitas pengolahan
• Processing/refining: kegiatan pengolahan dan operasi pemurnian dari minyak mentah dan/gas alam menjadi produk‐produk yang yang bernilai jual – seperti : avtur, premium, minyak diesel, minyak tanah (kerosene), dll
Midstream (Pengolahan)
• Sektor Hilir merupakan sector akhir dari Industri Migas dengan aktifitas penjualan dan distribusi produk‐produk dari pengolahan minyak mentah dan/gas alam. Produk yang tercakup dalam aktifitas downstream ini adalah gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) termasuk bahan‐bahan untuk industry petrokimia
• Operasi Midstream terkadang dipertimbangkan juga sebagai sektor Hilir
Downstream (Hilir)
Source: American Petroleum Institute: Toward a Consistent Methodology for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil and Natural Gas Industry Operations. Page 4.
Aktifitas Migas dari Hulu hingga Hilir
“Safety culture is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine thecommitment to, and the style and proficiency ofan organization’s health and safety programmes”
(Advisory Committee for Safety in Nuclear Installations,1993;p.23)
Definisi Budaya K3
IRF Member Definition
NOPSEMA
The shared basic assumptions, held by most members of anorganisation,which create and reinforce group norms of thoughts, language and behaviour in relation to major accident event prevention.
C-NLOPBSafety culture is defined as the attitudes,values,norms and beliefs which aparticular group of people share with respect to risk and safety
PSA
A culture can be defined as the knowledge,values,norms,ideas and attitudeswhich characterise a group of people. A sound HSE culture can be observed in anenterprise which facilitates continuous, critical and thorough efforts to improve health,safety and theenvironment.
BSEE
The BSEE defines safety culture as the core values and behaviors resultingfrom a collective commitment by leaders and individuals to emphasize safety,over competing goals, to ensure protection of people and the environment.
Definisi Budaya K3
• Sistem Manajemen K3 tidak akan efektif tanpa disertai denganbudaya K3 yang baik
• Selalu waspada terhadap berbagai faktor risiko yang potensial yang dapat memicu terjadinya bencana besar
• Mengedepankan prinsip pro-active dalam hal self-assessment danselalu memberikan umpan balik terhadap bagian penerapan sistemmanajemen K3 yang lemah
• Mengutamakan perubahan cara berpikir dalam mengembangkan K3
• Mencermati indicator leading untuk memperbaiki kinerja K3
Kenapa Fokus pada Budaya K3
Safety Culture is based on a shared belief system where safety is integral in every part of our organization.
Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas
Norms andBehaviour Safety
Safety Interventions
Safety Culture
Enabler/ Barrier
Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas
– Bottom‐up:• Each division working their own priorities
• Cross‐divisional initiatives rise to lab‐wide goals
Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas
– Top‐down: • Safety conversations and probes from Senior Management
• Recognition of safety achievements
– Communications ties it together• Multi‐faceted, deliberate strategy to brand and communicate safety culture at Berkeley Lab.
Penerapan budaya K3 sangat tergantung pada tingkat keyakinanorganisasi. Keyakinan ini akan mempengaruhi apa yang dilakukan olehpekerja
• Safety systems• Are systems in place to encourage people to do the job with minimal risk?
• Leadership behaviors• Are at‐risk, time saving actions accepted?• Is there a perception of production vs safety?
• Peer behaviors• Do your co‐workers encourage at‐risk behavior?
Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas
DANGER
Engineering and design
Management systems and Resources
Supervisionand planning
Work practices and leadership
Management
PenerapanBudaya K3 di Migas
•Safety Surveys•Safety Cultural Interviews•Behavioral and Situational Observation •Each of these evaluates a slightly different manifestation of safety culture (perception, beliefs, and actions)
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Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas (Evaluasi)
The SAFETY Pyramid FATALITY
Lost time injury
Recordable injury
Minor injury / first aid
Near misses / Hazard recognition
Personal safety awarenessTake 2, MISS, Tailgate meetings, Work Instructions, SOPs
INJURY ZONE
HEIGHTENEDSAFETY
AWARENESS
Penerapan Budaya K3 di Migas (Evaluasi)