Period IV: 1800-1848 Part 2: The Era of Good Feelings
Period IV: 1800-1848 Part 2: The Era of Good Feelings
Growth of the Economy
! War of 1812 stimulated manufacturing
! Second Bank of the United States
! Protective tariffs protected Northern textile industry from English competition – Boston Manufacturing Company ! Tariff of 1816
Transportation
! Government funded roads – National Road, PA Turnpike ! Most road construction fell to
state governments and private institutions
! Development of steamboat lines – Robert Fulton and the Clermont
! Canals - Erie Canal completed in 1825
! Railroads – competed with canals by the 1830s
Westward Expansion
! Growing population – limited opportunities in the East
! War of 1812 reduced Native resistance ! Military victories and treaties opened Native lands ! Constructed forts along Great Lakes and upper
Mississippi ! The Factor System
! Improved transportation
! Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818)
Cotton – Expansion of Slavery
! Spread westward – the Black Belt
! Growth of plantations – wealthy aristocratic class
! Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819)
End of the First Party System
! “The Virginia Dynasty” – Jefferson, Madison, Monroe ! Monroe chose diverse cabinet members
! Federalist Party ceased to exist
John Quincy Adams and Florida
! Secretary of State
! Negotiated for annexation of Florida from Spain
! Seminole War – Andrew Jackson ! Invaded Florida and
captured Spanish forts
! Adams–Onis Treaty of 1819 gave U.S. all of Florida ! U.S. gave up claims to
Texas in return
Panic of 1819
! Rising prices for farm goods caused land boom
! National Bank tightened credit ! called in loans, foreclosed mortgages causing state bank
failures and financial panic
! Blamed on the National Bank ! Existence became major political issue
Sectional Crisis ! Missouri
! Applied for statehood in 1819 ! Controversy over free or slave
status – upset balance ! Tallmadge Amendment proposed
it would be admitted as a free state
! Missouri Compromise (1819) – Henry Clay ! Missouri admitted as a slave state ! Maine admitted as a free state ! Slavery prohibited north of
southern boundary of Missouri
John Marshall’s Continued Influence
! Fletcher v. Peck (1810) ! first time Supreme Court
declared state law unconstitutional
! McCullough vs. Maryland (1819) ! Confirmed “implied
powers” of Congress
! Gibbons vs. Ogden (1821) ! Strengthened Congress’s
power to regulate interstate commerce
! Established authority of federal government over state governments
The Monroe Doctrine
! Series of Latin American revolutions against Spain
! Monroe declared American continents off-limits to European colonization ! Became known as the Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Revival of Opposition
! 1820’s – new political divisions
! Election of 1824 ! Andrew Jackson 99 ! John Quincy Adams 84 ! William H. Crawford 41 ! Henry Clay 37
! “The Corrupt Bargain” - Clay supported Adams – enraged Jackson supporters ! Adams named Clay Secretary of State
New Parties
! National Republicans – Adams
! Democratic Republicans (Democrats) - Jackson