Performance of Wind Farms in Thailand. Ms. Sasaraj... · 2018-06-20 · We work in 140 countries £1.5bn turnover 20k staff 06 June 2018 Mott MacDonald | Performance of wind farms

Based on Mott MacDonald’s in country experience

Performance of Wind Farms in Thailand

Sasaraj Laoharatchapruek

Bangkok, 06 June 2018

Sasaraj Laoharatchapruek

Renewable Energy Consultant

Bangkok Based

Experience in over 8GW of wind and solar

PV projects in SEA and globally,

from development stage through operation

[email protected]

+66 2643 8648 ext. 208

06 June 2018 Mott MacDonald | Performance of wind farms in Thailand 2

mailto:[email protected]

Mott MacDonald overview 04

Small and Very Small Power Producer

(SPP and VSPP) wind projects in Thailand09

Performance of operating wind farms in Thailand 12

Issues and experience 16

Conclusion 24

Agenda


Mott MacDonald overview

Employee

owned

We work in

140countries

£1.5bn

turnover

20k

staff

406 June 2018 Mott MacDonald | Performance of wind farms in Thailand

Mott MacDonald services


Cape Town

Tokyo

Bangkok

Brighton

New York

New Delhi

Abu Dhabi

Melbourne

Taipei

Renewables business offices


OE

IEIE OE


Mott MacDonald’s global energy experience

29,000MW

Wind Asia > 10,000 MW


Wind Thailand > 1,100 MW

Mott MacDonald’s wind experience in Asia

Lender’s Technical Advisor

Owner’s Engineer

> 90% of wind farm capacity under operation

> 60% of wind farm capacity under development

and construction


SPP (>10-90 MW) and

VSPP (≤10 MW)

Wind projects in Thailand

North group

Petchabun

1

Northeast group

Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima and Mukdahan

2

South group

Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla

3In operation

Under development / construction

680MW

900MW

3002MWAlternative Energy Development Plan

2015-2036 target

Source: ERC

Wind projects in ThailandNortheast group


PPA – Power Purchase Agreement *Project is under development / construction

Nakhon Ratchasima province

Wind project PPA capacity (MW)

First Korat Wind (FKW) 90

K.R. Two (KR2) 90

WED Wayu + SubPlu 1-2 60

Greenovation Power (GNP) 60

Theparak Wind (T1)* 90

Tropical Wind (T2)* 90

K.R.S. Three (T3)* 90

K.R. One (T4)* 90

Krissana (NKS)* 90

Korat Wind Energy (KWE)* 50

Chaiyaphum province


Chaiyaphum Subyai 80

Watabak 60

Theppana 9.6

Hanuman* 260

Mukdahan province


Winchai* 45

Source: ERC

Wind projects in ThailandNorth group South group


Petchabun province


Khao Khor Wind Power 60

Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla provinces


Inter Far East EnergyCorporation (IFEC)

10

Had Kanghan (HKH) 126

PPA – Power Purchase Agreement Source: ERC

Our databaseOperating wind farms in Thailand


Parameter Database

Number of wind projects 5 (9 PPAs)

Total plant years 13

Min – max years per plant 0.9 – 5

Min – max installed plant capacity 60 – 126 MW

Total installed plant capacity 453 MW (67% of total installed capacity under operation)

Wind farm configuration and O&M scope SPP wind projects in Thailand


1WTG O&M contractor

2BOP O&M contractor

3Grid offtaker

MV

collection

system

On-site

MV/HV

substation

HV

transmission

line

EGAT HV

substation

WTG – wind turbine generator, BOP – balance of plant, MV – medium voltage, HV – high voltage

`

Typical WTG availability warranty of

• Time-based

• Energy-based

Defects from construction and poor O&M on BOP

could have a major impact on availability

Grid availability can go lower for VSPP wind

projects connecting to the PEA grid system

Excluding exceptional events, average wind farm

technical availability was 97.2%

AvailabilityActual time-based availability level of the operating wind farms in Thailand

97%

42.3

98.1

43.0

97.9

98.8

99.4100.0

100.0

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Wind farm WTGcontractual

BOP Grid

An

nu

al

ava

ila

bil

ity (

%)

WTG

contractual

BOP Grid(EGAT)

Breakdown

Overall

Wind farm

06 June 2018 Mott MacDonald | Performance of wind farms in Thailand14

`

Key factors affecting plant operation

• Curtailment / shutdown

• Retrofit / maintenance

• Performance upgrade

Other factors

• Wind resource

• De-rated WTGs

Capacity factorOperating wind farms in Thailand


10.8

18.9

0.0

8.1

28.0 28.0

46.9 46.9

19.922.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

CF CF, excludingexceptional

events

Monthly CF Monthly CF,excluding

exceptionalevents

Cap

acit

y f

acto

r (%

)average

CF, excluding

exceptional

events

Monthly CF,

excluding

exceptional

events

What are the main factors

impacting performance of the

wind farms in Thailand?


Factors impacting wind farm performance

1

Wind resource

2

WTG / BOP /

grid issues

3

Retrofit

4

Curtailment

5

Performance

upgrade


Wind resourceInterannual variability and monthly distribution in Nakhon Ratchasima province


0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Interannual variability

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Monthly distribution

Wind resource

can be very varied

by its nature!

Average

long term

Average

long term

WTG issues


Yaw control systemPitch control

system

Gearbox Main bearing

Pitch control errors,

low hydraulic oil pressure,

overheating

Yaw motor overheating,

yaw gear failure,

yaw converter error

Repetitive damage

leading to replacementScratch marks and

damage

BOP and grid issues


MV / HV on-site

substation

MV collection

system

HV

transmission line

WTG

foundation

Pole tilt and collapse, faults Animals entering Pole tilt and collapse,

line faults

Defects

Underground

Overhead

RetrofitQuality issues from construction phase


Cracks in WTG foundation Example of WTG foundation retrofit design

CurtailmentWTG power curve


Po

wer

Wind speed

• WTG foundation defects

• Requires reduced loading

• Noise emission

• Unexpected noise complaints

• Wish to be a good neighbour

Normal WTGs

Curtailed WTGs

Performance upgrade DinoTail placement on blade trailing edge


DinoTail component Installed DinoTail on WTG blade

Capacity factor

• Choosing the right WTG for the site

• Proactive scheduled maintenance plan

Availability

• Design and construction quality control

• Close monitoring to anticipate unscheduled

maintenance

• Asset monitoring with KPI reporting

• Robust contractual terms and contract management

Conclusion


Thank you


Performance of Wind Farms in Thailand. Ms. Sasaraj... · 2018-06-20 · We work in 140 countries £1.5bn turnover 20k staff 06 June 2018 Mott MacDonald | Performance of wind farms

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