Top Banner
PerformanceBased Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams Yusof Ghanaat Quest Structures, Inc. Orinda, California, USA
30

Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Jan 30, 2022

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance‐Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Yusof GhanaatQuest Structures, Inc.Orinda, California, USA

Page 2: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance‐based Design

Standard Procedures• Are based on simple stress 

checks and limit equilibrium analysis to avoid collapse and protect life

• Performance and hazard are not well defined

• May be used for non‐critical dams and screening purposes

Performance‐based Procedures• Design/evaluate a dam to have 

a predictable performance for specified levels of seismic hazard

• Acceptance based on substantiated performance level in terms of damage thresholds, permanent displacements, not FoS

Page 3: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Presentation Outline

• Design/Evaluation Criteria– Ground motions– Performance levels– Performance goals– Design requirements– Analysis and evaluation procedures

• Performance evaluation of a gravity dam – Damage thresholds with  linear/nonlinear analysis

• Performance evaluation of an arch dam– Damage thresholds with linear/nonlinear analysis

• Summary

Page 4: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design/Evaluation Earthquakes• OBE – Operating Basis Earthquake

– 50% probability of exceedance in service life of structure– Serviceability performance 

• MDE – Maximum Design Earthquake– 1/3,000 to 1/10,000 AEP recommended by USSD– For dams it is taken equal to MCE – Damage control performance

• MCE – Maximum Credible Earthquake– Largest EQ on a specific fault or seismic source zone– Background seismicity, “random EQ”, or “floating EQ”– Collapse prevention

Page 5: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design/Evaluation Earthquakes84th % Cascadia Interface has a 3000‐yr RP50th % Cascadia Interface has a 900‐yr RP

Page 6: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design/Evaluation Earthquakes

• Local fault 84th % ground motion exceeds 10,000‐year UHS

• 84th % Cascadia has a RP ≈ 3,200 years

Page 7: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design/Evaluation Earthquakes84th% New Madrid ground motion at the site has a RP of just less than 2,475 years

Page 8: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design/Evaluation EarthquakesMedian “Random EQ” MCE in EUS exceeds 10,000‐year UHS

Page 9: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance Levels

• Serviceability Performance– Operable immediately after 

OBE level earthquakes• Damage Control Performance

– Damaged but not lose load resistance capability

• Collapse Prevention Performance– Damage and movements 

could be severe but not lead to collapse

Damage Control Performance(Non-linear Strain Hardening Range)

Collapse Prevention(Non-Linear Strain Softening Range)

Displacement

Serviceability Performance(Linear Elastic Range)

Load

Page 10: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance Requirements

Displacement

Serviceability Performance(Linear Elastic Range)

Load

Ground Motion

Elastic Deformation

Page 11: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance Requirements

Damage Control Performance(Non-linear Strain Hardening Range)

Displacement

Serviceability Performance(Linear Elastic Range)

Load

Ground Motion

High Tension Regions

Tensile Overstressing & Cracking

Page 12: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance Requirements

Damage Control Performance(Non-linear Strain Hardening Range)

Collapse Prevention(Non-Linear Strain Softening Range)

Displacement

Serviceability Performance(Linear Elastic Range)

Load

Sliding & Rotational Stability

Page 13: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Performance Goals• Both strength and 

serviceability should be considered– Strength requirement ensures 

that failure in shear, flexure, tension, or compression will not occur

– Serviceability requirement is to ensure the project will function without interruption, with little or no damage.

• Limited ductile behavior– Characterized by an elastic 

range and limited inelastic range followed by a complete or significant loss of strength

– Dams exhibit limited‐ductile behavior in flexure and brittle behavior in shear

– But some residual capacity may still exist due to dead load effects that contribute to shear‐friction resistance and to overturning resistance

Page 14: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Design Requirements

• Serviceability design– Reduce the probability of 

damage to an acceptable level– Select an appropriate OBE event 

in combination with appropriate design/evaluation procedures and loading combinations

• Strength design– Reduce the probability of 

collapse to an acceptable level– Select an appropriate MDE event 

in combination with specific design/evaluation procedures and loading that ensure the structure will perform as intended QS = QD + QL + QOBE

QDC = QD + QL + QMDE

Page 15: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Tiered Analysis and Evaluation

• Estimate peak responses• Evaluate using DCR’s

Response    Spectrum      Analysis

• Identify potential failure modes• Evaluate using damage control Thresholds

Linear                 Time‐History Analysis

• Model/analyze major nonlinear mechanisms• Estimate permanent offsets/compressive stresses• Perform post‐earthquake stability

Nonlinear           Time‐History Analysis

Page 16: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Allowable DCR Values for RS

ActionIn terms of Stresses

Performance ObjectivesServiceability

(OBE)Damage Control

(MDE)Tension due to flexure 1.0 1.5Diagonal tension due to shear 0.8 0.9Shear due to sliding 0.8 1.0

Page 17: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Gravity DamsDamage Threshold

DCR < 1, Minor or No Damage• Nearly linear‐elastic response

DCR < 2, Damage Acceptable If

• Overstress < 15% • CID < 0.3(2‐DCR)

DCR > 2 , CID > Threshold

• Damage is Significant• May need nonlinear analysis or retrofit

Page 18: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Example Gravity DamHeight = 74 mCrest Thickness = 9.75 mBase Thickness = 53.83 m

Page 19: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Earthquake Ground MotionsResponse Spectra and Acceleration TH’s

Page 20: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Linear Time‐History StressesMax. = 855 psi (5.9 MPa)

Max. = 1,800 psi (12.4 MPa)

Page 21: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Comparison with Thresholds

Page 22: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Nonlinear Analysis Stress Contours

200 psi = 1.4MPa

Gap‐friction Elements

Page 23: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Nonlinear Response Histories

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 5 10 15 20Time (sec)

Displ

acem

ent (

in)

20 mm

Page 24: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Arch DamsDamage ThresholdDCR < 1, Minor or No Damage

• Nearly linear‐elastic response• Minor joint opening

DCR < 2, Damage Acceptable If

• Overstress < 20% • CID < 0.4(2‐DCR)

DCR > 2 , CID > Threshold

• Damage is Severe• May need nonlinear analysis or retrofit

Page 25: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Arch DamsNonlinear Time History EvaluationOverstressing

• Contraction joint opening• Increased cantilever stresses • Unstable cantilever blocks

Sliding Stability• Along dam‐foundation interface• Foundation/abutment rock wedges

Acceptance Criteria• Compressive stresses• Amount of joint opening• Non‐recoverable block movements

Page 26: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Example Arch dam

Height = 468 ft (142.6 m)Crest Length = 724 ft (220.7 m)Crest Thickness = 12 ft (3.7 m)Base Thickness = 52 ft (15.8 m)

Page 27: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Arch Dam Linear ResponseExceeds Damage Threshold

Page 28: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Arch Dam Nonlinear ResponseContraction and lift joints repeatedly open and close

Page 29: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Summary• A performance‐based approach 

was introduced for seismic design and evaluation of concrete dams

• How to design/evaluate dams to have a predictable performance for specified levels of seismic hazard was outlined

• Three seismic performance levels: serviceability, damage control, and collapse prevention were defined

• Analysis and evaluation procedures for each performance level with corresponding acceptance criteria were discussed with examples

• These guidelines and provisions were developed for the USACE and are being used by Federal, States, and dam engineering community in the United States and abroad

Page 30: Performance Based Design and Evaluation of Concrete Dams

Linear Time HistoryDamage Control Threshold