PERFOMANCE ANALYSIS OF SEAMLESS VERTICAL HANDOVER IN 4G NETWOKS MOHAMED ABDINUR SAHAL A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Engineering (Electrical – Electronics & Telecommunication) Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2013
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PERFOMANCE ANALYSIS OF SEAMLESS VERTICAL HANDOVER IN 4G
NETWOKS
MOHAMED ABDINUR SAHAL
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
Master of Engineering (Electrical – Electronics & Telecommunication)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JANUARY 2013
iii
This Project is dedicated to my beloved family and friends, without their staying
power, patience, understanding, for their endless support and encouragement, the
conclusion of this work would not have been possible.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thanks ALLAH SWT, all praises be to
ALLAH the most merciful and most kind because on his blessings, who has made
me able to successfully complete this project report Thank you for everything. I
would like to express heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Dr.Izzeldin Ibrahim for
his constant support during my study at UTM. He inspired me greatly to work in this
project. His willingness to motivate me contributed tremendously to our project. I
have learned a lot from him and I am fortunate to have him as my mentor and
supervisor.
Besides, I would like to thank the authority of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM) for providing me with a good environment and facilities such as MIMOS lab
to complete this project with software which I need during process.
My darling family you are greatest blessing in my life. Your support and
understanding gave me the strength to complete my project. Thank you for the
endless love that is still surrounding me and keeping me safe. To all my friends, I
would like to say thank you for helpful advices, devotions and kindness. So accept
my gratefully appreciation for being that valuable for me.
Also I would like to express my heartfelt pleasure to all those who have
directly or indirectly offered help, support and suggestions, contributing toward the
successful completion of this project. Your kind words of comfort and understanding
were deeply appreciated.
v
ABSTRACT
Next generation 4G wireless networks is envisioned as a convergence of
different wireless access technologies providing the user with the best anywhere,
anytime connection and improving the system resource utilization. However the
study of evaluation mobile communication system, mobility management in
heterogeneous network, mobility management classification, seamless mobility and
handover strategies. In the wireless heterogeneous environment, the majority of
problems in the case of handovers stem from the issue of uncertainty in the
prediction of network coverage and the duration of availability of network services.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the integration between Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS) and Wireless Location Area Network (WLAN)
during handover process. And then evaluate the impact of seamless vertical handover
on the system performance in terms of delay, throughput and packet loss. The
simulation tool to achieve the objectives is OPNET 14.5 Modular; we have designed
two integration scenarios for Open and Loose coupling scheme and then compared
that two integration schemes however result shows that loose coupling architecture is
better than open coupling architecture. The results also shows when the user move
between two different technology networks shows that loose coupling architecture is
better than open coupling architecture in terms of delay, throughput and packet loss.
Furthermore the analytical framework extends to multiple radio network
environments and the possibilities of the use of Experimental enhance handover
operation.
vi
ABSTRAK
Generasi seterusnya bagi 4G rangkaian tanpa wayar adalah digambarkan
sebagai suatu tumpuan daripada teknologi akses tanpa wayar yang berbeza yang
menyediakan pengguna dengan sambungan yang terbaik dimana-mana, pada bila-
bila masa dan memperbaiki penggunaan sumber sistem. Bagaimanapun, kajian
berkenaan penilaian sistem komunikasi telefon mudah alih, pengurusan
kebolehmudahalihan dalam pelbagai rangkaian, pengurusan kebolehmudahalihan
pengelasan, kebolehmudahalihan kelancaran dan strategi penyerahan. Dalam
persekitaran pelbagai rangkaian, masalah yang utama dalam kes penyerahan
berpunca daripada isu ketidakpastian dalam meramal liputan rangkaian dan tempoh
kemudahan rangkaian yang tersedia. Objektif tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisis
kesepaduan antara Sistem Telekomunikasi Mudah Alih Universal (UMTS) dan
Wireless Locatioan Area Network (WLAN) semasa proses penyerahan. Kemudian,
menilai kesan kelancaran penyerahan menegak ke atas prestasi sistem dalam bentuk
penangguhan, hasil dan kehilangan paket. Perkakas simulasi untuk mencapai objektif
adalah OPNET 14.5 Modular; kami telah mereka 2 senario bersepadu untuk skema
gandingan Open dan Loose dan kemudian membandingkan dua skema bersepadu
tersebut. Bagaimanapun keputusan menunjukkan, seni bina gandingan Loose adalah
lebih baik berbanding seni bina gandingan Open Keputusan menunjukkan apabila
pengguna beralih diantara dua rangkaian teknologi yang berbeza, senibina gandingan
Loose adalah lebih baik daripada senibina gandingan Open dari aspek penangguhan,
hasil dan kehilangan paket.Selain itu, rangka kerja analisis boleh dikembangkan
kepada pelbagai persekitaran rangkaian radio dan mempunyai peluang untuk
digunakan bagi Eksperimen mengembangkan operasi penyerahan.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS xii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Project Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of the Project 3
1.5 Thesis Organization 4
1.6 Summary 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Evaluation of Mobile Communication System 6
2.3 Mobility Management In 4G Networks 7
ix
2.3.1 Motivation for 4G Heterogeneous Networks 7
2.3.2 Mobility Management Classification 8
2.4 Seamless Mobility 9
2.5 Handoff Strategies 9
2.5.1 Handoff Characteristics 9
2.5.2 Handoff Phase 9
2.5.3 Types of Handoff 10
2.5.3.1 Horizontal Handoff 11
2.5.3.2 Vertical Handoff 11
2.6 UMTS 15
2.6.1 Architecture of UMTS Core Network 15
2.6.2 UMTS Access Network 19
2.6.3 UMTS Node B 23
2.6.4 UMTS (WCDMA) Channels 25
2.6.5 Power Control in UMTS 32
2.6.6 UMTS Qos 34
2.6.7 Packet Switch and Circuit Switch Connection 36
2.7 WLAN 36
2.7.1 IEEE 802.11 Basics 37
2.7.2 IEEE 802.11 Network Architecture 38
2.7.3 IEEE 802.11 Logical Architecture 39
2.7.4 MAC Frame Format 42
2.7.5 IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer 42
2.8 Previous Works and Results 46
2.9 Summary 50
3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Operational Frame Work 51
3.3 Phases of the Work 53
3.4 Project Design Scenario 54
3.4.1 OPNET 54
3.4.2 Network Scenario Architecture 54
ix
3.4.3 Network Functions 56
3.5 Summary 59
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 60
4.1 Introduction 60
4.2 Performance Metrics 60
4.3 Summary 66
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 67
5.1 Conclusion 67
5.2 Future Works 68
REFERENCES 69
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1 Uplink Date Rates 29
2.2 Describes the Features of Different Classes 34
2.3 IEEE 802.11Physical Layer Standard 38
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1 Evaluation of Wireless Communication System 7
2.2 Handoff Process 10
2.3 Horizontal Handoff Process 11
2.4 Vertical Handoff Process 12
2.5 Vertical Handoff process between WLAN and UMTS 12