PERCEPTIONS OF MOSQUE ADMINISTRATORS AND MOSQUE GOERS ON MOSQUE LIBRARIES IN THE STATE OF SELANGOR, MALAYSIA BY NUR LEYNI NILAM PUTRI JUNURHAM A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Malaysia APRIL 2019
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PERCEPTIONS OF MOSQUE ADMINISTRATORS AND
MOSQUE GOERS ON MOSQUE LIBRARIES IN THE
STATE OF SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
BY
NUR LEYNI NILAM PUTRI JUNURHAM
A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and
Information Science
Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology
A mosque plays an important role as a centre for spreading Islam. This has been
proven since the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Mosque libraries are vital in
opening up readership opportunities to the society. However, only limited empirical
studies looked into the establishment of Mosque libraries, particularly on the
perceptions of mosque administrators and mosque goers. This study attempted to
explore the current situation of mosque libraries in the state of Selangor. In this
regard, the perceptions of mosque administrators and mosque goers towards mosque
libraries were examined. The research objectives were; RO1: To identify the current
state of mosque libraries in selected districts of Selangor, RO2: To examine the
perceptions of mosque administrators of mosque libraries, and RO3: To examine the
perceptions of mosque goers of mosque libraries. Ten mosques from the Districts in
Selangor were selected for the study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were
employed, and data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. Ten mosque
administrators were selected and two hundred eighty (280) mosque goers were
involved as respondents. In order to ensure the validity of data collected and analysed,
the triangulation technique was employed. The findings show that, most mosques
have reading corners and few libraries. Three out of ten selected mosques have a
specific room for libraries. Moreover, the collections were acquired through donation
and all were about religion. Besides, staffs manning the library were not qualified, and
they spent most of their time on mosque activities instead of mosque library activities.
Only one mosque has an annual budget for acquiring library materials and other
library purposes. The perceptions of mosque administrators and mosque goers were
positive about mosque libraries. The study revealed that mosque libraries were
important in certain activities including reference, relaxation, and socializing. The
existence and development of mosque libraries depended on certain factors as
revealed from the findings such as sufficient staffs, reading habits, understanding with
regards to mosque libraries’ roles and functions, location, sufficient space provision,
and high Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in relation to JAIS assessment. This study
revealed that mosque libraries were not given the necessary assistance to perform their
roles and functions to support leisure reading, learning and information seeking in the
mosques. Recommendations based on these findings were that the annual budget for
mosques could be reviewed, governing authorities to provide policy and advice on
mosque libraries, administrators be trained to manage and promote mosque libraries.
Generally, the mosque administrators and mosque goers perceived mosque libraries as
important. Hence, this study contributed a guideline for improvement of mosque
libraries in Selangor as there were few publications conducted under this study.
iii
ة البحثخلاصABSTRACT IN ARABIC
. كما نبي صلى الله عليه وسلممن المنذ ز تلعب المساجد دورا رئيسياً وهاماً في نشر الإسلامومع ذلك، هناك القليل .فرص القراءة للمجتمع إتاحةتلعب مكتبات المساجد دورا حيويا في
من الدراسات التجريبية التي أجريت حتى الآن في مجال مكتبات المساجد خاصة تلك التي تهدف هذه الدراسة يخص مكتبات المساجد. فيما تتناول تصورات مسؤولي المساجد وروادها
ف الوضع الحالي لمكتبات المساجد في ولاية سيلانجور. وفي هذا الصدد، تم استكشا إلىكما جاءت .تجاه مكتبات المساجدإفحص تصورات كل من مسؤولي المساجد وممثليها
الهدف الأول من البحث هو التعرف على الوضع الحالي لمكتبات :أهداف البحث كالتاليسيلانجور، اما الهدف الثاني فهو دراسة تصورات ةالمناطق المختارة في ولاي عضب المساجد في
دراسة تصورات فهو والأخير الهدف الثالث مسؤولي المساجد عن مكتبات المساجد، بينما( مساجد من 10الباحث باختيار عشرة ) قام المساجد عن مكتبات المساجد. كما مسؤولي
استخدام أسلوب البحث النوعي على اعتمد البحث وقد مقاطعة سيلانجور لهذه الدراسة.والكمي، حيث تم جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات والاستبيانات. حيث تم اختيار عشرة
( من رواد المساجد تم اشراكهم 280من مديري المساجد بالإضافة الى مائتان وثمانون )، تم لتي تم جمعها وتحليلهاومن أجل ضمان صحة البيانات ا ن.لاستبيااعلى كمستجيبين
(. أشارت النتائج إلى أن معظم triangulation techniqueاستخدام تقنية التثليث )ثلاثة من أصل صصة للقراءة. وأنخعدد قليل من المكتبات وكذلك الزوايا الم االمساجد له
على ستخدم كمكتبة. كما انه تم الحصولتعشرة من المساجد المختارة لديها غرفة محددة لمكتبية من خلال التبرع ومعظمها كانت عن الدين. كما ان الدراسة بينت معظم المطبوعات ا
الذين يديرون المكتبة غير مؤهلين وانهم كانوا يقضون معظم وقتهم في أنشطة ينأن الموظفالمسجد. ومن بين النتائج المستخلصة أيضا أنه من بين عشرة مساجد، يوجد مسجد واحد
لى المواد المكتبية وغيرها من أغراض المكتبة. وقد يزانية سنوية للحصول عفقط لديه ماضطلعت مكتبات المساجد بأنشطة ترويجية محدودة. كما أظهرت الدراسة ان تصورات
iv
مسؤولي المساجد ومساعدي المساجد كانت إيجابية حول مكتبات المساجد. وكشفت راجع، الاسترخاء، بعض الأنشطة كمزود للمالدراسة أيضا أن مكتبات المساجد ذات اهميه في
كما كشفت النتائج أن وجود مكتبات المساجد وتطويرها يعتمد على والتنشئة الاجتماعية. القراءة،بعض العوامل التي كشفت عنها النتائج مثل عدد كافٍ من الموظفين، وعادات
ضاأيو كافية، مساحة وفيروت والموقع، المساجد،والتفاهم فيما يتعلق بأدوار ووظائف مكتبات ( فيما يتعلق Key Performance Indicator (KPI)) مؤشر أداء رئيسي مرتفع
وكشفت هذه الدراسة أيضا أن مكتبات المساجد لم تحصل على المساعدة JAISبتقييم اللازمة لأداء أدوارها ووظائفها لدعم القراءة والتعلم والبحث عن المعلومات في المساجد. كما
ايضا واستنادا لهذه النتائج بتقديم بعض التوصيات كالتالي: إمكانية مراجعة الباحث قامجد، وعلى السلطات الحاكمة أيضا ان تقوم بتقديم السياسات والمشورة الميزانية السنوية للمسا
اللازمة بشأن مكتبات المساجد، وتدريب المسؤولين على إدارة مكتبات المساجد والترويج لها. ام، اعتبر مسؤولو المساجد وروادها أن مكتبات المساجد مهمة جدا. كما ساهمت بشكل ع
ين مكتبات المساجد في سيلانجور وذلك لوجود عدد هذه الدراسة في دليل توجيهي لتحس .قليل من المنشورات التي أجريت في إطار هذه الدراسة
v
APPROVAL PAGE
The dissertation of Nur Leyni Nilam Junurham has been approved by the following:
_____________________________
Wan Ali Wan Mamat
Supervisor
_____________________________
Basri Hj. Hassan
Co-Supervisor
_____________________________
Roslina Othman
Internal Examiner
_____________________________
Wan Ab. Kadir Wan Dollah
External Examiner
_____________________________
Shaheen Majid
External Examiner
_____________________________
Fouad Mahmoud
Chairman
vi
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigations, except
where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently
submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions.
Nur Leyni Nilam Putri Junurham
Signature ........................................................... Date .........................................
vii
COPYRIGHT
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF
FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH
PERCEPTIONS OF MOSQUE ADMINISTRATORS AND
MOSQUE GOERS ON MOSQUE LIBRARIES IN THE STATE OF
SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
I declare that the copyright holders of this dissertation are jointly owned by the student
No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder
except as provided below
1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may
only be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement.
2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print
or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes.
3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieved system
and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other
universities and research libraries.
By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM
Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy.
Affirmed by Nur Leyni Nilam Putri Junurham
……..…………………….. ………………………..
Signature Date
viii
DEDICATION
This dissertation is dedicated to to my dearest Mom and Father whose constant love
and du’a reached me here today and to my beloved husband for his support and
understanding.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, I would like to express my immeasurable praise and gratitude to
Almighty Allah, for his abundant love and mercy, and for blessing me in so many
ways through my PhD journey. There are many people who deserve the thanks for
helping me to reach the end of this journey with their beneficial ideas and guidance.
My special thanks to my parents Mr. Junurham Roma and Mrs. Rosnawaty
Dahlan. The consistent encouragement from my siblings, Adham, Mira, SyahJaya,
Nurul and also my family-in-law. I sincerely thank you all for your du’a and ardent
support. May Allah bless us all!
Dr. Wan Ali Wan Mamat, I am expressly grateful for your guidance and
support throughout my study. I thank Allah for choosing you as my supervisor
because I believe He is the best of planners. May Allah bless and reward you in this
life and the hereafter. My appreciation also goes to my co-supervisor Dr. Basri
Hassan. I am expressly grateful for your insights and suggestions which have been a
constant guidance in my research, and for your encouragement and care which have
strengthened me to overcome the hardships I have gone through. Thank you for all the
time and support you have spared for me. May Allah bless and accepts all your good
deeds. I am also highly indebted to Prof. Dr. Ahmad Bakeri who I seek guidance in
accomplishing my PhD journey, thank you for sticking with me especially on time of
need. I ask Allah SWT to reward you and your entire family in this duniya and
hereafter.
I would also like to thank the KICT’s staffs, especially the Department Head of
Library and Information Science, my post-viva supervisor Prof. Dr. Roslina Othman,
both academic and administrative, for their input directly or indirectly to the
successful completion of my PhD. I also acknowledge the valuable contribution of my
scholarship Ministry of Higher Education (KPT) and International Islamic University
Malaysia (IIUM) for granting me opportunity to pursue my study.
I also have deep appreciation for those who granted me with their ideas and
opinions, especially Dr. Zainabu, Mdm Sikujua, Dr. Ashraf Ali. And also not
forgetting to express my cordial appreciation to my friends who were always at my
side even being absent. I have greatly benefited from all of you and very much
thankful ever. I am also grateful to the mosque administrators in Selangor and the
respondents who participated in my research. Your sharing is highly valuable and
most appreciated.
Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to my beloved husband
Mohammad Haris Latif. I cannot thank you enough for your inestimable love and
support. I appreciate your encouragement and support in all ramifications throughout
my task to completing this dissertation. This journey wouldn’t have been success story
without you. I glorify Allah for having you and I pray may we be blessed and happy
forever till Jannah! (Aamiin)!
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ ii Abstract in Arabic ........................................................................................................ iii
Approval Page .............................................................................................................. v Declaration ................................................................................................................... vi Copyright ..................................................................................................................... vii Dedication .................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... ix
List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xx List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................... xxi
1.1.1 Islam and Mosque Administration in Malaysia .............................. 1
1.1.2 Role of Mosque during Prophet and Golden Era ............................ 4 1.1.3 The Concept of Mosque Libraries .................................................. 9
1.1.4 The establishment of Mosque Libraries ......................................... 12 1.1.5 Reading Habits in Malaysia ............................................................ 15
1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 16
1.3 Research Questions ................................................................................... 19
1.4 Research Objectives .................................................................................. 19 1.5 Significance of the Research ..................................................................... 19
1.6 Scope and Limitations of Research ........................................................... 21 1.7 Methodology ............................................................................................. 22 1.8 Operational Definitions ............................................................................. 23
1.9 Outline of the Thesis ................................................................................. 25
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................... 26 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 26 2.2 Mosque and Its Functions ......................................................................... 26
2.2.1 Mosque as a Worshipping Centre ................................................... 28
2.2.2 Mosque as a Community Centre..................................................... 30 2.2.3 Mosque as an Education Centre ..................................................... 32
2.3 Mosque Libraries in Digital Forms ........................................................... 37 2.4 Mosque Libraries in the Muslim World .................................................... 39 2.5 Mosque Libraries in Malay World ............................................................ 49 2.6 Mosque Libraries in Malaysia ................................................................... 50 2.7 Challenges Faced by Mosque Libraries .................................................... 53
3.3 Study Population ....................................................................................... 63 3.3.1 Sampling ......................................................................................... 64
3.6 Data collection procedures ........................................................................ 74 3.7 Data analysis ............................................................................................. 75
3.7.1 Qualitative Data Analysis ............................................................... 75 3.7.1.1 Transcribing and Coding the Data ..................................... 76
3.7.1.2 Translation ......................................................................... 79 3.7.2 Quantitative Data Analysis ............................................................. 79
3.8 Reliability and Validity ............................................................................. 80 3.8.1 Triangulation ................................................................................... 80
3.8.4 Dependability .................................................................................. 82 3.8.5 Pilot study ....................................................................................... 83
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .............. 87 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 87
4.2 Data Analysis - Interview.......................................................................... 87 4.2.1 Demographic of Respondents ......................................................... 88
4.2.1.1 Demographic Profiles of the Mosque Administrators ....... 88 4.2.2 The Current state of Mosque Libraries in selected mosque
districts of Selangor ........................................................................ 90
4.2.2.1 The Library Collection and its organization ...................... 93 4.2.2.2 Library Personnel .............................................................. 101 4.2.2.3 Budget................................................................................ 103
4.2.2.5 Service and Facilities ......................................................... 107 4.2.2.6 Location of libraries and Mosque reading corners
within mosque ................................................................... 108
4.2.3 Perceptions of Mosque Administrators on Mosque Libraries ........ 109 4.2.3.1 Perceptions about the Importance of Mosque
Libraries ............................................................................. 109 4.2.3.2 Perception on the challenges of mosque libraries ............. 113
4.3 Data Analysis -Survey Questionnaire ....................................................... 120
4.3.1 Descriptive analysis ........................................................................ 120 4.3.2 Demographic Information of Mosque Goers .................................. 120 4.3.3 Level of awareness and opinion on Mosque Libraries ................... 123 4.3.4 Current status of Mosque libraries .................................................. 132
4.3.5 Perception on the importance of mosque library ............................ 149
xii
4.3.6 Perception on the Challenges of mosque libraries .......................... 154 4.4 Triangulation ............................................................................................. 195
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....... 213 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 213 5.2 Overview of Findings ................................................................................ 213 5.3 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................ 219