1 | Page HIREN R. SANGHAVI EFFECT OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S FOOD PRODUCTS
Jan 21, 2016
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HIREN R. SANGHAVI
EFFECT OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S FOOD
PRODUCTS
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A PROJECT REPORT
ON
EFFECTS OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S FOOD PRODUCTS
PROJECT SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY:
HIREN SANGHAVI
ROLL NO. 20
BATCH 2011-2013
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
MR. RUDRESH AGASKAR
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DECLARATION
I, HIREN SANGHAVI, solemnly declare that the project work entitled, “EFFECT
OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S FOOD PRODUCTS”, is my original
work, it is neither copied from any earlier submitted work elsewhere or not merely
copied, this is specifically prepared as a part of PGDM curriculum, to be conducted in
Year 2012.
Signature of the student: ________________________
Name of the Student: HIREN SANGHAVI
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ACKNOLEDGEMENT
A heartfelt thank you to the Institute for Future Education, Entrepreneurship and Leadership, for
providing me with all the resources necessary for pursuing my 2 years full-time PGDM course.
I would like to thank the Institute's CEO & Dean, Dr. H.S. Cheema and Placement Cell Head, Mr.
Rudresh Agaskar for providing me this opportunity to intern with PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd.
The special thank goes to Mr. Sachin Jadhav, CE, PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd.. The supervision
and support given by him, truly helped the progression and smoothness of the internship program.
The co-operation is indeed appreciated.
My summer project's quality has appreciated, thanks to Prof. Deepa Dixit and Mr. Rudresh Agaskar
for their assistance, criticisms and encouragement.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank my parents and sister. They were very supportive all
through the duration of my summer project. Their care, love and encouragement has nourished me
enough to seek continuous improvement in every endeavour I undertake.
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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
HIREN SANGHAVI has successfully completed the summer project at PepsiCo India Holdings
Pvt. Ltd.., Frito Lays, Mumbai, for a period of two months from 28th May, 2012 to 28th July,
2012.
He has conducted a study entitled, "EFFECT OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S FOOD
PRODUCTS".
___________________ ______________
Name & Designation Department
Date:________________
Place:_______________
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project titled “EFFECT OF 3 Ps ON THE REACH OF PEPSICO'S
FOOD PRODUCTS”, has been successfully and satisfactorily completed and submitted by “Mr.
HIREN SANGHAVI” bearing a roll number, 20, as a student of Institute for Future Education,
Entrepreneurship & Leadership as prescribed by AICTE in fulfilment of the requirement for Post
Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) during the year 2011-13.
Mr. Rudresh Agaskar Dr. H.S. Cheema
Internal Guide CEO & Dean
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INDEX
SR. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. PEPSICO INTRODUCTION
LEADERSHIP PEPSICO LOGO EVOLUTION
MARKETING PEPSI-COLA ACQUISITION & DISINVESTMENT
PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PEPSICO: SWOT ANALYSIS
PEPSICO AT A GLANCE
9-10 11-13
14 15
16-18 19
20-21 22-23
24
2. PEPSICO INDIA 25-27
3. INTRODUCTION TO SNACKING INDUSTRY 28
4. TRENDS IN THE SNACKING INDUSTRY 29-32
5. SIZE OF THE SNACKING INDUSTRY 33-35
6. FRITO LAY 36-42
7. FRITO LAY INDIA 43-47
8. INTERNSHIP REPORT 48-73
9. CONCLUSION 74-76
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 76-78
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GOOD TO KNOW?
Today, the brand "PEPSI" is worth $31.4 billion!
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INTRODUCTION
MISSION AND VISION
At PepsiCo, we believe being a responsible
corporate citizen is not only the right thing to
do, but the right thing to do for our business.
MISSION
Our mission is to be the world's premier
consumer products company focused on
convenient foods and beverages. We seek to
produce financial rewards to investors as we
provide opportunities for growth and
enrichment to our employees, our business
partners and the communities in which we
operate. And in everything we do, we strive
for honesty, fairness and integrity.
VISION
"PepsiCo's responsibility is to continually
improve all aspects of the world in which we
operate - environment, social, economic -
creating a better tomorrow than today."
Our vision is put into action through programs
and a focus on environmental stewardship,
activities to benefit society, and a commitment
to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo
a truly sustainable company.
PERFORMANCE WITH PURPOSE
At PepsiCo, we're committed to achieving
business and financial success while leaving a
positive imprint on society - delivering what
we call Performance with Purpose.
Our approach to superior financial
performance is straightforward - drive
shareholder value. By addressing social and
environmental issues, we also deliver on our
purpose agenda, which consists of human,
environmental, and talent sustainability.
TYPE
PUBLIC
INDUSTRY
FOODS, BEVERAGES
FOUNDED
NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.
(1965)
FOUNDER(S)
DONALD KENDALL,
HERMAN LAY
HEADQUARTERS
PURCHASE, NEW YORK,
U.S.
CHAIRMAN & CEO
INDRA NOOYI
REVENUE
US$ 66.50 billion
OPERATING INCOME
US$ 9.63 billion
NET INCOME
US$ 6.46 billion
TOTAL ASSETS
US$ 62.88 billion
EMPLOYEES
297,000
DIVISIONS
PepsiCo Americas Foods,
PepsiCo Americas Beverages, PepsiCo
Europe, PepsiCo Asia, Middle East & Africa
(AMEA)
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PEPSICO VALUES & PHILOSOPHY
Our Values & Philosophy are a reflection of
the socially and environmentally responsible
company we aspire to be. They are the
foundation for every business decision we
make.
OUR COMMITMENT
We are committed to delivering sustained
growth through empowered people acting
responsibly and building trust.
WHAT IT MEANS
Sustained Growth is fundamental to
motivating and measuring our success. Our
quest for sustained growth stimulates
innovation, places a value on results, and helps
us understand whether today's actions will
contribute to our future. It is about the growth
of people and company performance. It
prioritizes both making a difference and
getting things done.
Empowered People means we have the
freedom to act and think in ways that we feel
will get the job done, while adhering to
processes that ensure proper governance and
being mindful of company needs beyond our
own.
Responsibility and Trust form the foundation
for healthy growth. We hold ourselves both
personally and corporately accountable for
everything we do. We must earn the
confidence others place in us as individuals
and as a company. By acting as good stewards
of the resources entrusted to us, we strengthen
that trust by walking the talk and following
through on our commitment to succeeding
together.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
We uphold our commitment with six guiding
principles. We must always strive to:
1. Care for our customers, our consumers and
the world we live in. We are driven by the intense, competitive
spirit of the marketplace, but we direct this
spirit toward solutions that benefit both our
company and our constituents. Our success
depends on a thorough understanding of our
customers, consumers and communities. To
foster this spirit of generosity, we go the extra
mile to show we care.
2. Sell only products we can be proud of.
The true test of our standards is our own
ability to consume and personally endorse the
products we sell. Without reservation. Our
confidence helps ensure the quality of our
products, from the moment we purchase
ingredients to the moment it reaches the
consumer's hand.
3. Speak with truth and candour. We tell the whole story, not just what's
convenient to our individual goals. In addition
to being clear, honest and accurate, we are
responsible for ensuring our communications
are understood.
4. Balance short term and long term. In every decision, we weigh both short-term
and long-term risks and benefits. Maintaining
this balance helps sustain our growth and
ensures our ideas and solutions are relevant
both now and in the future.
5. Win with diversity and inclusion. We embrace people with diverse backgrounds,
traits and ways of thinking. Our diversity
brings new perspectives into the workplace
and encourages innovation, as well as the
ability to identify new market opportunities.
6. Respect others and succeed together. Our mutual success depends on mutual
respect, inside and outside the company. It
requires people who are capable of working
together as part of a team or informal
collaboration. While our company is built on
individual excellence, we also recognize the
importance and value of teamwork in turning
our goals into accomplishments.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1.
Shona L. Brown Senior Vice President, google.org
of Google Inc.
2. Ian M. Cook Chairman, President and Chief
Executive Officer, Colgate-
Palmolive Company
3. Dina Dublon Former Executive Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer, JP
Morgan Chase & Co.
4. Victor J. Dzau, M.D. Chancellor for Health Affairs, Duke
University and President & CEO,
Duke University Health System
5. Ray L. Hunt Chairman of the Board, President
and Chief Executive Officer of
Hunt Consolidated, Inc.
6. Alberto Ibargüen President & Chief Executive
Officer, John S. and James L.
Knight Foundation
7. Indra K. Nooyi Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer, PepsiCo
8. Sharon Percy Rockefeller President & Chief Executive
Officer, WETA Public Stations
9. James J. Schiro Former Chief Executive Officer,
Zurich Financial Services
10. Lloyd Trotter Managing Partner, GenNx360
Capital Partners
11. Daniel Vasella Chairman of the Board, Novartis
AG
12. Alberto Weisser Chairman & Chief Executive
Officer, Bunge Limited
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LEADING PEPSICO
PepsiCo is a company full of strong, talented individuals starting with the company leadership. Get
to know the inspiring people helping lead PepsiCo on its 'Performance with Purpose' journey.
1.
Zein Abdalla Chief Executive Officer,
PepsiCo Europe
2. Saad Abdul-Latif Chief Executive Officer, PepsiCo
Asia, Middle East, Africa
3. Albert P. Carey Chief Executive Officer, PepsiCo
Americas Beverages
4. John Compton President, PepsiCo
5. Brian Cornell Chief Executive Officer,
PepsiCo Americas Foods
6. Indra K. Nooyi Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer, PepsiCo
1. A. Salman Amin SVP & Global Chief Marketing
Officer, PepsiCo
2. Rich Beck Senior Vice President, Global
Supply Chain Operations,
PepsiCo
3. Neil Campbell President, Tropicana Beverages
North America
4. Pamela Culpepper Senior Vice President, Global
Diversity and Inclusion Officer,
PepsiCo
5. Robert Dixon Senior Vice President and Chief
Information Officer, PepsiCo
6. Tom Greco President, Frito-Lay North America
7. Enderson Guimaraes President, Global Nutrition Group,
PepsiCo
8. Lorraine Chow Hansen President, Global Snacks,
PepsiCo
9. Brad Jakeman President, Global Beverages
Group, PepsiCo
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1. Hugh F. Johnston Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer,
PepsiCo
2. Dr. Mehmood Khan Executive Vice President, PepsiCo Chief Scientific
Officer, Global Research and Development
3. Tim Minges Chairman, PepsiCo Greater China Region
4. Luis Montoya President, Latin America Beverages, PepsiCo
5. Pedro Padierna President, PepsiCo Mexico
6. Jose Luis Prado President, Quaker Foods and Snacks North America,
PepsiCo
7. Grace Puma Senior Vice President & Chief Procurement Officer,
PepsiCo
8. Sarah Robb O'Hagan President, Gatorade and President, Global Sports
Nutrition Group of PepsiCo
9. Larry Thompson Executive Vice President, Government Affairs, General
Counsel and Corporate Secretary
10. Cynthia M. Trudell Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Chief
HR Officer, PepsiCo
11. Olivier Weber President, South America, Caribbean and Central
America Foods, PepsiCo
12. Jim Wilkinson Executive Vice President, Communications, PepsiCo
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PEPSICO
PepsiCo Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United
States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods,
beverages, and other products.
The recipe for Pepsi, the soft drink, was first developed in the 1890s by a New Bern, North Carolina
pharmacist and industrialist, Caleb Bradham, who named it "Pepsi-Cola" in 1898. As the cola
developed in popularity, he created the Pepsi-Cola Company in 1902 and registered a patent for his
recipe in 1903. The Pepsi-Cola Company was first incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1919. The
company went bankrupt in 1931 and on June 8 of that year the trademark and syrup recipe was
bought by Charles Guth who owned a syrup manufacturing business in Baltimore, Maryland. Guth
was also the president of Loft Incorporated, a leading candy manufacturer and used the company's
labs and chemists to reformulate the syrup. He further contracted to stock the soda in Loft's large
chain of candy shops and restaurants, which were known for their soda fountains, used Loft
resources to promote Pepsi, and moved the soda company to a location close by Loft's own facilities
in New York City. In 1935 the shareholders of Loft sued Guth for his 91% stake of PepsiCo in the
landmark case, Guth v. Loft Inc. . Loft won the suit and on May 29, 1941 formally absorbed Pepsi
into Loft, which was then rebranded as Pepsi Cola Company that same year. (Loft restaurants and
candy stores were spun off at this time.) In the early 1960s the company product line expanded with
the creation of Diet Pepsi and purchase of Mountain Dew.
Separately, the Frito Company and H.W. Lay & Company – two American potato and corn chip
snack manufacturers – began working together in 1945 with a licensing agreement allowing H.W.
Lay to distribute Fritos in the South-eastern United States. The companies merged to become Frito-
Lay, Inc. in 1961
PepsiCo. Inc. was formed in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall, President and Chief Executive Officer of
Pepsi-Cola and Herman W. Lay, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Frito-Lay, through the
merger of the two companies.
PepsiCo. has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and
beverage brands, the largest of which include an acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with
Quaker Oats in 2001—which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio.
As of January 2012, 22 of PepsiCo's product lines generated retail sales of more than $1 billion each,
and the company’s products were distributed across more than 200 countries, resulting in annual net
revenues of about $65 billion.
Based on net revenue, PepsiCo is the second largest food & beverage business in the world. Within
North America, PepsiCo is ranked (by net revenue) as the largest food and beverage business.
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PEPSI-COLA LOGO EVOLUTION
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MARKETING PEPSI-COLA!
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1975:
Pepsi introduced the Pepsi
Challenge marketing
campaign where PepsiCo set
up a blind tasting between
Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-
Cola. During these blind taste
tests the majority of
participants picked Pepsi as
the better tasting of the two
soft drinks. PepsiCo took
great advantage of the
campaign with television
commercials reporting the
results to the public.
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Film actress Joan Crawford, after marrying then Pepsi-Cola
President Alfred N. Steele became a spokesperson for Pepsi,
appearing in commercials, television specials and
televised beauty pageants on behalf of the company.
Crawford also had images of the soft drink placed prominently
in several of her later films.
1940s advertisement specifically
targeting African Americans, A
young Ron Brown is the boy
reaching for a bottle
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ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTMENTS
PepsiCo went on to acquire many businesses between 1970s and mid-1990s. Some of the brands that
PepsiCo acquired during this period are;
1. Pizza Hut
2. Taco Bell
3. KFC (previously known as Kentucky Fried Chicken)
4. Hot n Now
5. East Side Mario's
6. D'Angelo Sandwich Shops
7. Chevys Fresh Mex
8. California Pizza Kitchen
9. Stolichnaya, a Russian vodka, via licensed agreement
10. Wilson Sporting Goods
11. North American Van Lines.
Towards the beginning of 1997, PepsiCo started selling off its non-core businesses to concentrate on
its core business of beverages and snacks. While selling its non-core businesses, PepsiCo started
expanding its product portfolio beyond soft drinks and snacks.
1998: It purchased orange juice company, Tropicana Products.
2001: PepsiCo merged with Quaker Oats Co., which added Gatorade sports drinks, Chewy Granola
bars, Aunt Jemima and several other brands to its product portfolio.
2009: PepsiCo acquired the two largest bottlers of its products in North America; Pepsi Bottling
Group and PepsiAmericas. The acquisition cost $7 billion and was completed in 2010.
2011: PepsiCo acquired a majority stake(two-thirds) in Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods, a Russian company.
This is PepsiCo's largest international acquisition. In October 2011, PepsiCo acquired the
remaining 23% stake of Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods and became the largest food and beverage
company in Russia.
GLOBAL BUSINESS PRESENCE
As of 2010, PepsiCo is separated into four main divisions;
1. PepsiCo Americas Foods,
Frito-Lay North America (FLNA),
Quaker Foods North America (QFNA),
Latin America Foods (LAF)
2. PepsiCo Americas Beverages,
3. PepsiCo Europe, and
4. PepsiCo Asia, Middle East and Africa.
As of 2009, 71% of the company’s net revenues came from North and South America, 16% from
Europe and 13% from Asia, the Middle East and Africa.
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As a result of the acquisitions led by PepsiCo, today it is a global food and beverage company,
operating in about 200 countries! It has about 100 global and local brands!
PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
PepsiCo’s product mix as of 2012 (based on worldwide net revenue) consists of 63 percent foods,
and 37 percent beverages. On a worldwide basis, the company’s current products lines include
several hundred brands that in 2009 were estimated to have generated approximately $108 billion in
cumulative annual retail sales.
The primary identifier of a food and beverage industry main brand is annual sales over $1 billion. As
of 2009, 19 PepsiCo brands met that mark: Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Lay's, Gatorade, Tropicana,
7Up, Doritos, Lipton Teas, Quaker Foods, Cheetos, Mirinda, Ruffles, Aquafina, Pepsi Max, Tostitos,
Sierra Mist, Fritos, and Walker's.
PEPSICO BRANDS
BEVERAGES
1. Pepsi
2. Diet Pepsi
3. Gatorade
4. Tropicana
5. 7 UP
6. Lipton
7. Aquafina
8. Mirinda
9. Sierra Mist Natural
10. Sierra Mist Zero Calorie
11. AMP Energy
12. SoBe
13. Mountain Dew
14. Diet Mountain Dew
15. Naked Juice
16. IZZE
17. Propel Zero
18. Tropicana Trop 50
19. Pepsi Max
20. G Series Pro
21. Mug
22. Dole Juices & Blends
23. Ocean spray
FOOD
1. Quaker Oats
2. Quaker pancake syrup &
mixes
3. Rice A Roni
4. Quakes
5. Chewy Granola Bar
6. Near East
7. Cap 'n' Crunch
8. Doritos
9. Frito Lay
10. Cheetos
11. Ruffles
12. Tostitos
13. Walker's
14. Fritos
15. Lays
16. Sun Chips
17. Aunt Jemima
18. Gamesa
19. Quaker Life
20. Mother's
21. Sabritas
22. Smith's
23. Lebedyansky
24. Sabra
25. Sonric's
26. KURKURE
27. Stacy's
28. Grandma's Cookies
29. Miss Vickie's
30. Lehar
31. Red Rock
32. Bocabits
33. Crujitos
34. Fandangos
35. Hamka's
36. Niknaks
37. Hostess potato chips
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PEPSICO BEVERAGES
PEPSICO FOODS
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STRENGTHS
Branding - One of PepsiCo’s top brands is of course Pepsi, one of the most recognized
brands of the world, ranked according to Interbrand. As of 2008 it ranked 26th amongst top
100 global brands. Pepsi generates more than $15,000 million of annual sales. Pepsi is joined
in broad recognition by such PepsiCo brands as Diet Pepsi, Gatorade Mountain Dew, Thirst
Quencher, Lay’s Potato Chips, Lipton Teas (PepsiCo/Unilever Partnership), Tropicana
Beverages, Fritos Corn, Tostitos Tortilla Chips, Doritos Tortilla Chips, Aquafina Bottled
Water, Cheetos Cheese Flavoured Snacks, Quaker Foods and Snacks, Ruffles Potato Chips,
Mirinda, Tostitos Tortilla Chips, and Sierra Mist.
The strength of these brands is evident in PepsiCo’s presence in over 200 countries. The
company has the largest market share in the US beverage at 39%, and snack food market at
25%. Such brand dominance insures loyalty and repetitive sales which contributes to over
$15 million in annual sales for the company
Diversification - PepsiCo’s diversification is obvious in that the fact that each of its top 18
brands generates annual sales of over $1,000 million. PepsiCo’s arsenal also includes ready-
to-drink teas, juice drinks, bottled water, as well as breakfast cereals, cakes and cake mixes.
This broad product base plus a multi-channel distribution system serve to help insulate
PepsiCo from shifting business climates.
Distribution - The company delivers its products directly from manufacturing plants and
warehouses to customer warehouses and retail stores. This is part of a three pronged approach
which also includes employees making direct store deliveries of snacks and beverages and
the use of third party distribution services.
WEAKNESSES
Overdependence on Wal-Mart - Sales to Wal-Mart represent approximately 12% of
PepsiCo’s total net revenue. Wal-Mart is PepsiCo’s largest customer. As a result PepsiCo’s
fortunes are influenced by the business strategy of Wal-Mart specifically its emphasis on
private-label sales which produce a higher profit margin than national brands. Wal-Mart’s
low price themes put pressure on PepsiCo to hold down prices.
Overdependence on US Markets - Despite its international presence, 52% of its revenues
originate in the US. This concentration does leave PepsiCo somewhat vulnerable to the
impact of changing economic conditions, and labour strikes. Large US customers could
exploit PepsiCo’s lack of bargaining power and negatively impact its revenues.
Low Productivity - In 2008 PepsiCo had approximately 198,000 employees. Its revenue per
employee was $219,439, which was lower than its competitors. This may indicate
comparatively low productivity on the part of PepsiCo employees.
Image Damage Due to Product Recall - Recently (2008) salmonella contamination forced
PepsiCo to pull Aunt Jemima pancake and waffle mix from retail shelves. This followed
incidents of exploding Diet Pepsi cans in 2007. Such occurrences damage company image
and reduce consumer confidence in PepsiCo products.
PEPSICO SWOT ANALYSIS
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OPPORTUNITIES
Broadening of Product Base - PepsiCo is seeking to address one of its potential weaknesses;
dependency on US markets by acquiring Russia’s leading Juice Company, Lebedyansky, and
V Water in the United Kingdom. It continues to broaden its product base by introducing True
North Nut Snacks and increasing its Lipton Tea venture with Unilever. These recent
initiatives will enable PepsiCo to adjust to the changing lifestyles of its consumers.
International Expansion - PepsiCo is in the midst of making a $1, 000 million investment in
China, and a $500 million investment in India. Both initiatives are part of its expansion into
international markets and a lessening of its dependence on US sales. In addition the company
plans on major capital initiatives in Brazil and Mexico.
Growing Savoury Snack and Bottled Water market in US - PepsiCo is positioned well to
capitalize on the growing bottle water market which is projected to be worth over $24 million
by 2012. Products such as Aquafina, and Propel are well established products and in a
position to ride the upward crest. PepsiCo products such as, Doritos tortilla chips, Cheetos
cheese flavoured snacks, Tostitos tortilla chips, Fritos corn chips, Ruffles potato chips, Sun
Chips multigrain snacks, Rold Gold pretzels, Santitas are also benefiting from a growing
savoury snack market which is projected to grow as much as 27% by 2013, representing an
increase of $28 million.
THREATS
Decline in Carbonated Drink Sales - Soft drink sales are projected to decline by as much as
2.7% by 2012, down $ 63,459 million in value. PepsiCo is in the process of diversification,
but is likely to feel the impact of the projected decline.
Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations - It is anticipated that government
initiatives related to environmental, health and safety may have the potential to negatively
impact PepsiCo. For example, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of food products
may be altered as a result of state, federal or local dictates. Preliminary studies on acryl amide
seem to suggest that it may cause cancer in laboratory animals when consumed in significant
amounts. If the company has to comply with a related regulation and add warning labels or
place warnings in certain locations where its products are sold, a negative impact may result
for PepsiCo.
Intense Competition - The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. But
others include Nestlé, Groupe DANONE and Kraft Foods. Intense competition may influence
pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. Recently Coca-Cola
passed PepsiCo in Juice sales.
Potential Disruption Due to Labour Unrest - Based upon recent history, PepsiCo may be
vulnerable to strikes and other labour disputes. In 2008 a strike in India shut down production
for nearly an entire month. This disrupted both manufacturing and distribution.
PEPSICO SWOT ANALYSIS
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PEPSICO AT A GLANCE
PepsiCo is a $66 billion global
powerhouse focused on two
complementary businesses with attractive
growth, margins and returns — global
snacks and global beverages. In 2011, they
delivered core net revenue growth1 of 14
percent. Nestled within these two
businesses is our global nutrition business,
which in 2011 grew core net revenue 19
percent, excluding acquisitions.
Global Snacks
Our $32 billion global foods portfolio includes a snacks business that is one of the consumer
packaged goods industry's best performing franchises of the last two decades. We've also
expanded into adjacencies like bread snacks and refrigerated dips, in which we have built a
market-leading presence.
Our brands include Lay's, the largest global food brand, with more than $9 billion in retail
sales in 2011; Doritos, the world's leading corn snack; and Cheetos, the leader in its category.
In 2011, all three of these snack mega brands delivered double-digit volume growth in
markets around the world.
In 2011, global snacks volume2 rose 8 percent.
Global Beverages
Our $34 billion global beverages business has a strong and diverse portfolio that enables us to
move into emerging markets early and quickly, as shoppers new to consumer packaged goods
seek out the simple pleasures of beverages. Our beverages business also helps us scale up our
food brands in these markets.
Our beverages portfolio includes Pepsi, one of the world's leading consumer brands;
Mountain Dew, the fastest-growing major carbonated soft drink trademark in North America
as measured by 2011 retail sales; and Sierra Mist, which in 2011 attracted new consumers to
the category.
In 2011, global beverages volume2 grew 5 percent.
Global Nutrition
Our global nutrition business leverages the strength of our core products, enabling us to stay
ahead of the increasing demand for more nutritious food and beverage choices. Our nutrition
brands include Quaker, Tropicana and Gatorade.
Our nutrition portfolio is a more than $13 billion business. We intend to grow it to $30 billion
by 2020.
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PEPSICO INDIA
PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the largest food and
beverage businesses in India.
With an investment of over $1 billion, PepsiCo India has built an expansive beverage
and snack food business supported by 43 beverage bottling plants and 3 food plants.
PepsiCo India’s extensive portfolio includes iconic brands like Pepsi, Lay’s,
Tropicana 100%, Gatorade, Quaker, and fast growing brands i.e. Nimbooz.
PEPSICO BEVERAGE PORTFOLIO
PepsiCo India’s expansive beverage portfolio includes:
Iconic refreshment beverages: Pepsi, 7UP, Nimbooz, Mirinda, Mountain Dew
Low-calorie options: Diet Pepsi
Hydrating and nutritional beverages: Aquafina (drinking water), Gatorade (isotonic sports
drink)
Fruit juices: Tropicana100%
Juice-based drinks: Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister, Slice
Local brands: Lehar Evervess Soda, Dukes Lemonade, Mangola
HEAD OFFICE
PepsiCo India, 3B, DLF Corporate Park, ‘S’ Block, Qutab Enclave, Phase-III,
Gurgaon – 122002, Haryana, India.
Tel.: 0124-2880699, 0124-2355880
CUSTOMER CARE: [email protected]
Tel.: 1800 224 020
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PEPSICO INDIA's PERFORMANCE WITH PURPOSE
1. One of the largest food and beverage businesses in India: PepsiCo India’s diverse
portfolio includes iconic brands like Pepsi, Lay’s, Kurkure, Tropicana 100%,
Gatorade, Quaker and young, but immensely popular and fast growing brands, such as
Nimbooz and Aliva. PepsiCo India has not only grown to become one of the
country’s largest food and beverage businesses but has also become a powerful and
consistent driver of PepsiCo’s global growth.
2. A growing portfolio of enjoyable and wholesome snacks and beverages PepsiCo’s
portfolio reflects its commitment to nourish consumers with a diverse range of fun
and healthier products. The portfolio includes several healthier treats like Quaker
Oats, Tropicana juices, multigrain Aliva range which is baked, rehydrator Gatorade,
Tata Water plus, Lay’s baked range and Lehar Iron Chusti fortified extruded snack
with superior quality iron & B-vitamins.
3. Model partnership with over 24,000 farmers: PepsiCo has pioneered and
established a model of partnership with farmers and now works with over 24,000
happy farmers across nine states. More than 45 percent of these are small and
marginal farmers with a land holding of one acre or less. PepsiCo provides 360-
degree support to the farmer through assured buy back of their produce at pre-agreed
prices, quality seeds, extension services, disease control packages, bank loans,
weather insurance, and the latest technological practices.
4. Exemplary employment practices: PepsiCo India presently employs 6,400 people
and provides indirect employment to almost 2,00,000 people. The company believes
in providing employment and growth opportunities to local talent. Its ‘College of
Leadership’, ensures early identification of talent, and employees’ focused
development through critical experiences. The company emphasizes “Winning with
Diversity and Inclusion” and has a significant number of women in the leadership
team in India. PepsiCo India has won the prestigious Hellen Keller Award from the
National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP).
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PEPSICO INDIA: GIVING BACK TO THE SOCIETY
1. Care for the environment: PepsiCo is focused on reducing its carbon footprint.
Nearly 30 percent of its energy is today generated from renewable sources such as
rice husk boilers and wind turbines. Initiatives such as reduction of use of chemicals,
eco-friendly packaging initiatives and efficient waste management help reduce load
on the environment. PepsiCo India’s award-winning Waste to Wealth recycling
program reaches 465,000 families.
2. Global leader in water conservation: In 2009, PepsiCo India achieved a significant
milestone, by becoming the first business to achieve ‘Positive Water Balance’ in the
beverage world, a fact verified by Deloitte Touché Tohmatsu India Pvt. Ltd and has
been Water Positive since then. The company made this possible through innovative
irrigation practices like direct seeding, water recharging, and by reducing the
consumption of water in its manufacturing facilities. PepsiCo is lauded for its efforts
for water conservation.
3. PepsiCo India HIV/AIDS Initiative PepsiCo India embarked on the HIV / AIDS journey in 2005, along with our
Technical partner The International Labor Organization (ILO), with the purpose of
spreading awareness amongst all our stakeholders. We have built the whole program
in a manner to build capacity within and externally and have focused on the “Each
one Teach one” approach to ensure sustainability. The program was kicked off by
creating a pool of Master Trainers and Peer Educators who could cascade the program
across all our work locations along with NGOs who were also trained along with
PepsiCo employees. We started the program by cascading HIV / AIDS awareness
amongst our employees. This was progressively enhanced to cover other stakeholders
including spouses of employees, business partners, distributors, contractual workers,
and our bottling partners. We further strengthened the impact of our efforts through
community outreach programs where we leveraged our NGO partners across the
country.
Today we have 58 Master Trainers and 175 Peer Educators across both businesses
and our endeavor is to continue to create more and most Master Trainers and Peer
Educators. PepsiCo India has been awarded TERI Corporate Award for Business
Response to HIV/AIDS in 2009.
4. PepsiCo India – Akshay Patra Partnership PepsiCo India has partnered with Akshay Patra, an NGO that supports the "Mid-day
meal" program launched by Government of India feeding over 1.2 underprivileged
students everyday of the school year, in 17 locations, across 7 states in India. For
children belonging to the weaker economic sections of society, a full meal, even once
a day, is a strong incentive to stay in school. This program enables hunger free
education and it has lead to a significant rise in enrollment and attendance. So this
partnership has a simple but powerful mission - to change the trajectory of countless
lives in our community. In the first stage, PepsiCo India is funding equipment and
vehicles to set up a kitchen, near Kapashera, Delhi which has the capacity to feed
75,000 children through the mid-day meal program. Through this program PepsiCo
India employees can participate in this cause by contributing as little as Rs 2900 to
keep 5 children in a school in a year. PepsiCo foundation will match the employee
contribution and double the impact.
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The brief introduction was about PEPSICO in the global arena and India as well.
Before talking about the food business of PEPSICO, let us get to know about the
snacking industry worldwide and in India!
INTRODUCTION TO THE SNACKING INDUSTRY
Q.1. What is the Snack Food Production Industry?
This industry comprises manufacturers that produce snack foods, including potato and corn
chips, pretzels, popcorn and other similar snacks. This industry does not include cookies and
crackers , bakery products or cereal and granola bars. Industry establishments primarily
prepare nuts, process grains or seeds into snacks, and manufacture chips, popped popcorn and
similar snacks.
Q.2. Industry Products;
1. Bulk nuts
2. Canned nuts
3. Seeds
4. Peanut butter
5. Potato chips
6. Corn chips
7. Other chips
The snacks manufacturers have started diversifying into other product categories like granola
bars, crackers, cookies, baked biscuits, pork rinds, pretzels, jerky, yoghurt, etc.
The reasons for such diversification have been explained under the heading, "TRENDS IN
THE SNACKING INDUSTRY".
Q.3. Industry Activities;
Salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts
Processing grains or seeds into snacks
Producing peanut butter
Manufacturing potato chips
Producing corn chips
Producing popped popcorn
Producing pretzels (except soft)
Manufacturing pork rinds
Producing rice cakes
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TRENDS IN THE SNACKING INDUSTRY
A recent survey by Snack Factory’s Pretzel Crisps® brand reveals that nearly half of
consumers(employed or unemployed), (40 percent) would prefer to reach for snack foods
throughout the day instead of eating the traditional three square meals. Many admit to
indulging in snack foods for lunch (78 percent) and even dinner (55 percent). While snacking
may be a habit of both men and women of all ages, younger generations tend to skip the full
course meal and go right to the snack aisle when they are hungry. In fact, close to half (46
percent) of 18 to 49-year-olds make snacking a major part of their day as compared to only
31 percent of their 50 and older counterparts.
Despite the generational gap, more and more people of all ages are relying on snacks to get
them through the day. Whether it’s sweet, salty, crunchy or full of flavour, snack foods have
become a staple in the American diet.
"Snacks are not just the snack aisle anymore. When people snack they want to put
something good in their body"
Rethink Your Snack Survey, conducted by Kelton Research, finds that when it comes to snack
time, a majority of Americans (59 percent) prefer to keep it interesting and sample a variety
of treats. However, in the debate between snacks that taste good and snacks that are healthy,
America’s taste buds are guiding their decisions. More than two thirds of the nation (63
percent) would rather eat a snack that appeals to their senses than their waistlines and nearly
the same amount (60 percent) confess to consuming more than the recommended
portion. The good news is that there are plenty of better-for-you snacks that offer a selection
of satisfying flavors without the guilt or the added weight.
“When it comes to snacking, people want something that tastes good, satisfies their cravings
and doesn’t make them feel guilty for eating it, even if they overindulge a little,” said Perry
Abbenante, Vice President of Marketing for Pretzel Crisps
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SMART SNACKING
Almost nine in ten (86% customers & consumers take the health content of their snack foods
into consideration. When selecting small bites, calories (55%) and fat (48%) are the top two
pieces of nutritional information customers look for, carbohydrates (31%) are far less
important. Those seeking a healthier snack food, nearly three in four customers (74%) see
pretzels as a nutritious option, placing the diverse twists at the top of the list as one of the
healthiest salty treats (28%) above corn chips (16%), potato chips (6%) and cheese curls
(3%).
“Think of our bodies like race cars. As we go through the day we need to refuel. There can
be long hours between meals, so plan to have a ready-to-go healthy snack that keeps the
energy level steady,” said Kathy Kaehler, celebrity trainer, fitness expert and author. “To
make the most of snack time, pair low fat, low calorie snacks like Pretzel Crisps with a little
protein rich peanut butter or my favourite, a scoop of Greek yogurt for a boost of energy.”
A NATION THAT SNACKS
While in the car, sitting at the office or lounging on the couch, seven in ten people
(70%) prefer to munch in peace and quiet, making snack time a solo activity. When reaching
for a snack, most of the nation (57%) reaches for salty treats over sweet indulgences and
despite what Hollywood portrays, most do not rely on indulgent snacks and treats to ease
their pain and tears. In fact, 62% say they snack when they are feeling happy, not sad.
When it comes to parenting, variety can often be the key to keeping children happy. Perhaps
that is why more parents than non-parents (66% vs. 56%) prefer an assortment of go-to
snacks instead of sticking to the usual snack food suspects. The wide snack selection could
also be why more parents than those without children (56% vs. 45%) choose snacks for
breakfast.
PERPETUAL SNACKING - SMALL BITES
This trend is coming about due to longer work days, increasing mobility, shorter breaks, etc.
There are now 7 to 10 meal occasions per day, eating is no longer relegated to the traditional
meal occasions of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Food & beverage trend watchers are seeing
many more.
Example; "On a given day a busy Mom might start the morning with a Grab n Go snack
while driving the kids to school (early morning) and then come home and feed a younger
child (late morning). Other scenarios might include a student who has dinner and then is
studying late into the night and will fit in another late night meal prior to going to bed."
Starbucks Petites are small bites… Cake Pops, mini Cupcakes, Whoopie Pies and Sweet
Squares. All Petites appear to be doing very well and it is win-win for everyone. For the
consumer, they can indulge in perpetual snacking. The smaller portion Petites help the
consumer eat better with fewer regrets. According to Joy, for Starbucks, the Petites line has a
better margin".
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Given, consumer's dependence on snacks as alternatives to meals, the nutritional value of
snacks is being revolutionized, and the change is manifested in the form of energy and
nutrition bars, proteins packed cereal crisps, low fat and trans-fat free products. As a result,
snack foods are shedding their unhealthy images, thanks to the aggressive promotional efforts
of food companies. Nutritional snacks with their attractive health profiles are today vying for
the share of meal substitutes and health foods.
Multiple meal occasions present a challenge to food & beverage brands in terms of defining
categories and fitting products into these categories.
Example: Once a food category consumed as part of a more traditional main meal, appetizers
are now being consumed on their own, which fits into the new categories of Portion-able
Meals and Smaller Bites.
THE RISING DEMAND FOR ARTISAN FOOD PRODUCTS
Artisan food products refer to the wonderful food products made by the local, passionate
"foodies" with their hands and not big food processing machines.
The food made with hands, with utmost care and edibility, is what consumers are expecting
more of, then products out of huge factories practicing economies of scale.
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EATING AT HOME, SAVINGS ON A RISE!
As consumers continue to limit dining out, they will seek a restaurant-quality experience at
home. Media communications portraying snacks as a must to add to shopping list for the
restaurant-quality experience would be helpful!
SAVOURY SNACKS WITH A HEALTH EMPHASIS
“Despite the increasing competition from other snacks, savoury snacks and nuts are more
than holding their own, largely via growing emphasis on authenticity, originality, strong and
exotic flavours and more convenient packaging concepts, often supported by a healthy or
natural angle and strong branding,” says Lu Ann Williams, research manager, Innova Market
Insights.
“Overall, despite the often fairly low level of interest in health in purchasing decisions for
impulse products such as snacks, nearly 40% of launches recorded by Innova Market Insights
in 2011 had a health positioning of some kind,” she says.
“This is mainly with regard to passive benefits, such as wholegrain, organic, gluten-free or
low and light, but also to a much lesser degree active benefits, such as vitamin- and mineral-
fortification, levels of omega-3 fatty acids or bone health. This rises to over 60% in the US.
“The rise of gluten-free products has also been fairly dramatic, with nearly 10% of global
snacks launches using that platform in 2011, rising to over 20% in the US, with the number
of gluten-free launches internationally trebling over a five-year period,” says Williams.
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FRONT OF PACK LABELLING
Yes! This trend of giving nutrition facts on the front side of the package makes it easier for
the consumers to choose.
NATURAL PRODUCTS
Though more people "indulge" in snacking, healthy snacking has been growing stably and
looks more promising as more and more people are looking for healthier and delicious
snacking!
Customers are switching to products with organic ingredients! Now, you remember LAY's
Natural!
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RISING DEMAND FOR BANANA CHIPS!
A sub-segment in the chips market, is gaining popularity. The trend started in Southern
Indian and is picking up in other parts of the country.
Banana chips now contribute approximately 3.1% to total branded sales of namkeens, up
from 2.7% in 2001, while volume contribution was 3.6% in 2002. Industry sources estimate
the market at far higher tonnage and value.
IMPULSIVE BUYING DECREASING
About 64% of the consumers work from a pre-made shopping list.
66% of the consumers are looking for their favourite brands; 23% seek their favourite brands
at reasonable price and 43% seek their favourite brand when on sale!
The rest 34% are switching brands for a lower price!
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SIZE OF THE SNACKING INDUSTRY
THE GLOBAL SNACK FOODS MARKET WILL REACH $380 BILLION BY 2017, ACCORDING TO
NEW REPORT BY GLOBAL INDUSTRY ANALYSTS, INC.
GIA announces the release of a comprehensive global report on Snack Foods market. Global
snack foods market is forecast to reach US$380 billion by the year 2017, driven primarily by
changing consumer demographics and affluence levels. Innovation stands out as a major
growth driver charging the market’s expansion both in terms of value and volume.
Fast growing economies in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Eastern Europe spell strong,
attractive, and lucrative business opportunities driven by strong economic growth and
increased westernization of diet patterns.
In 2011 savoury and salty snacks accounted for just under two-thirds of the total launches,
and snack nuts and seeds the remainder. Asia and Latin America saw the biggest increases in
snacks launch numbers. Launches in Asia accounted for nearly 40% of total snacks
introductions, ahead of Europe with just under 30%.
Changes in lifestyles and careers have fuelled the consumption of snack foods. A rise in
disposable incomes, fast-paced modern lifestyles and long working hours also have reduced
elaborate luncheons and meals to desk snacks.
Growing preference for convenience meals, coupled with the rise in disposable incomes, has
paved the way for a new era of microwave cooking and invigorated the market for
microwaveable snacks. With microwave cooking heralding the trend of kids preparing their
own choice of after-school snacks, manufacturers are increasingly targeting new
microwavable food products that can be safely prepared by children.
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INDIAN SNACKS INDUSTRY: SIZE AND TRENDS
Munching between two meals or at tea /coffee time is a habit with most Indians. The variety
of snacks offered is almost mind-boggling with specialities from all regions, which have
gained national acceptance. For example, banana chips from Kerala are sold not only across
the country, but the entire world. Potato wafer is no longer considered a wafer-thin business.
According to an APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority) survey, there are about 1,000 snacks items and 300 types of savouries sold in the
country. Salty snacks – whether potato chips, banana chips or crispies made of corn or wheat
flour, just fried or baked for the health-conscious – today have usurped home-made savouries
to become the first choice not just for people in the big cities but also in small-town India. No
wonder then, the market today for branded chips and wafers alone stands at Rs.1, 100 crore.
It has grown more than 60% over the last six years. And it is by far the single biggest item in
the snacks and savoury category.
The snacks food industry in India can broadly be categorised into three segments – staple
(biscuits category), traditional (namkeens) and ready-to-eat packaged snacks (chips / crisps).
The RTE snacks food is slowly but surely coming into its own, with a number of new / high
profile entrants joining the fray. As consumers and companies turn experimental, as reflected
in the new variety of snacks available in the market, extruded snacks which include the likes
of PepsiCo India’s Kurkure will soon overtake potato chips as the biggest snack item in the
Indian market. Extruded snacks are snacks cooked, pressurised and pushed out of a die that
gives them their unique shape. According to a report by consultancy firm KPMG, the market
value for extruded snacks which in 2009 stood at $223.7 million will touch $298.7 million by
2011. Not just that, it will be growing the fastest in the next five years.
While Haldiram’s, one of India’s oldest traditional snacks makers, and PepsiCo with its Lays
and Kurkure brands dominate the market, the last five years have seen more companies join
the fray. Not so long ago, the unorganised players had a field day with the consumer opting
for quantity over quality. The trend is slowly changing with rising incomes and health-
consciousness. Brand consciousness is taking precedence over cost consciousness among a
large section of consumers.
To PepsiCo goes the credit of expanding the organised snacks market. Till 1995, when
PepsiCo introduced two brands Lays and Cheetos, there were only Haldiram’s and Amrit
Agro that launched potato chips under the brand name Uncle Chips. When PepsiCo launched
Kurkure in 1999, it became a runaway success. In 2000, Frito Lay India, a division of
PepsiCo India, acquired the Uncle Chips brand. And from then on there was no looking back.
Aliva, the latest in its kitty, marks Frito Lay India’s creation of yet another category –
borrowing ingredients and textures from biscuits and flavours from namkeens and is
positioned as a healthier snacking option.
The next big leap happened in 2007, when fast moving consumer goods company ITC
launched an array of potato chips and finger snacks products under the brand name Bingo!
Within a year, it grabbed a market share of 9%. Bingo brought tastes which were familiar to
the Indian taste buds but with a hint of unfamiliarity. The next innovation in the market came
in lesser time. Parle Agro’s Hippo and Parle Products’ Smart Chips entered the market in
2009. Currently, the salty snacks market stands at around Rs.7, 000 crore. It is the high pace
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of growth that has attracted a lot of players. The increase in competition has seen players
launching their own versions of the popular snacks of their rivals.
Consumers now want variety and new tastes. They are not loyal to any particular brand.
Another factor that has worked towards the shift from the home-made snacks to the branded
packs is the price. It is challenging to give quality and quantity at the price points of Rs.5 and
Rs.10. The bulk of the consumers are in the middle and lower middle classes. Therefore,
affordability is what has driven the upsurge in the demand for snacks.
Even as there has been a proliferation of brands in the salty snacks category, there has been a
gradual shift towards offering healthier snacking options. Whether it is the no trans-fat tag or
healthier snacks like Smart Chips or Aliva, consumers are looking for healthier alternatives in
every food category. “What is driving innovation in the segment is the need to balance taste
and health without compromising on one or the other and break this credit-debit lifestyle we
live every day,” says Deepika Warrier, marketing director, Frito Lay India, PepsiCo.
Several manufacturers are putting new face on snacks. One is appropriately named Sensible
Portions that presents a wide range of “better-for-you” snacks including “all-natural” choices
such as multigrain crisps, pita crackers and pita chips. In addition to convenient packaging
that gives built-in portion control, ingredients like whole grains, soya protein, vitamins, iron,
and fibre are included and trans-fats, saturated fats and cholesterol are avoided. It provides a
healthier feel to snacking that is highly marketable.
Use of nuts in healthy snacks continued to rise including staples like almonds and cashews as
well as exotics like pistachios and hazelnuts. Skinless almonds and cashews are roasted with
real herbs and spices for extraordinary flavour. One line of almonds has been released with
low-sodium sea salt, vinegar and bold wasabi soya variants. Another nut company introduced
snack nuts that are gluten-free with all-natural ingredients and some organics like cocoa,
vanilla extract and coconut.
Peanuts can support and complement a vast range of spices and flavours. Peanut is a canvas
upon which one can display works of art, delivering healthy snacks. Fat in peanuts is also
healthy which can help lower LDL cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is an
excellent source of protein.
Indeed, Indians continue to show a great appetite for snacks. According to a survey
conducted by electronics payments company VISA on mystery spending or cash spent but
which cannot be accounted by consumers, Indians spend the second highest on snacks. The
average mystery spending per week of young Indians in the age group of 18 to 24 years stood
at Rs.383 of which almost 36% was on snacks. The total spending per year on snacks for one
person thus stands at around Rs.7, 000.
As per data from The AC Nielsen Company, the compounded annual growth rate for snacks
in the rural market over the last two years stood at 26.7% as against 13.2% for urban areas.
Though rural’s contribution is only about 33%, it’s growing much faster than the urban
markets. The way things are happening -- better spending power of the people, good
knowledge and great exposure – better times are ahead for the snacks industry.
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NOBLE BEGININGS OF FRITO-LAY
H.W. LAY & COMPANY
In the 1920s, salesman Herman Lay sold potato chips in southern United States out of his car.
In 1932, Lay began a potato chip business in Nashville, Tennessee. Lay was hired as a
salesman for the Barrett Food Products Company, an Atlanta, Georgia manufacturer of
Gardner's Potato Chips, and eventually took over Barrett's Nashville warehouse as a
distributor. Lay hired his first salesman in 1934, and three years later had 25 employees and a
larger manufacturing facility where he produced popcorn and peanut butter sandwich
crackers.
A representative of the Barrett Food Company contacted Lay in 1938, offering to sell
Barrett's plants in Atlanta and Memphis to Lay for $60,000. Lay borrowed $30,000 from a
bank and persuaded the Barrett Company to take the difference in preferred stock. Lay
moved his headquarters to Atlanta and formed H.W. Lay Lingo & Company in 1939. In
1942, Lay introduced the first continuous potato processor, resulting in the first large-scale
production of the product. He later purchased the Barrett manufacturing plant in Jacksonville,
Florida, along with additional plants in Jackson, Mississippi, Louisville, Kentucky and
Greensboro, North Carolina.
Lay retained the Gardner trademark of Barrett Food Products until 1944, when the product
name was changed to Lay's Potato Chips.
Lay's became the first snack food manufacturer to purchase television commercials, with Bert
Lahr as a celebrity spokesman. His signature line, "so crisp you can hear the freshness,"
became the chips' first slogan along with "de-Lay-sious!" As the popular commercials aired
during the 1950s, Lay's went national in its marketing and was soon supplying product
throughout the United States.
Lay expanded further in the 1950s with the purchase of The Richmond Potato Chip Company
and the Capitol Frito Corporation. By 1956, with more than 1,000 employees, plants in eight
cities and branches or warehouses in thirteen others, H.W. Lay & Company was the largest
manufacturer of potato chips and snack foods in the United States.
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THE FRITO COMPANY
In 1932, Charles Elmer Doolin, manager of the Highland Park Confectionery in San Antonio,
purchased a corn chip recipe, a handheld potato ricer and 19 retail accounts from a corn chip
manufacturer for $100, which he borrowed from his mother.
Doolin established a new corn chip business, The Frito Company, in his mother's kitchen.
Doolin and his mother and brother produced the corn chips, named Fritos, and had a
production capacity of approximately 10 pounds per day. Doolin distributed the Fritos in 5¢
bags. Daily sales totalled $8 to $10 and profits averaged about $2 per day. In 1933, the
production of Fritos increased from 10 pounds to nearly 100 pounds due to the development
of a "hammer" press. By the end of the year, production lines were operating in Houston and
Dallas. The Frito Company headquarters also moved to Dallas to capitalize on the city's
central location and better availability of raw materials. In 1937,
The Frito Company opened its Research and Development lab and introduced new products,
including Fritos Peanut Butter Sandwiches and Fritos Peanuts, to supplement Fritos and
Fritatos Potato Chips, which had been introduced in 1935.
In 1941, the company opened its Western Division in Los Angeles with two sales routes,
which would become the prototype for The Frito Company's distribution system. In 1945,
The Frito Sales Company was established to separate sales from production activities.
Expansion continued with the issue of six franchises through the Frito National Company in
the same year.
In 1950, Fritos were sold in all 48 states. The Frito Company issued its first public stock
offering in 1954. At the time of Doolin's death in 1959, The Frito Company produced over
forty products, had plants in eighteen cities, employed over 3,000 people and had sales in
1958 in excess of $50 million. By 1962, Fritos would be sold in 48 countries.
Product Promotion: A beautiful girl selling FRITO chips at a busy food joint!
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FORMATION OF FRITO-LAY, INC.
In 1945, the Frito Company granted the H.W. Lay & Company an exclusive franchise to
manufacture and distribute Fritos in the Southeast. The two companies worked toward
national distribution and developed a close business affiliation. In September 1961, The Frito
Company and H.W. Lay & Company merged to become Frito-Lay, Inc., combining their
headquarters in Dallas, Texas. At this point, the company's annual revenues totalled $127
million, largely generated from sales of its four main brands at the time: Fritos, Lays, Cheetos
and Ruffles.
Shortly thereafter, Lays introduced its best-known slogan "betcha can't eat just one." Sales of
the chips became international, with marketing assisted by a number of celebrity endorsers.
DIVISION OF PEPSICO, INC.
In February 1965, the board of directors for Frito-lay, Inc. and Pepsi-Cola announced a plan
for the merger of the two companies. On June 8, 1965, the merger of Frito-Lay and Pepsi-
Cola Company was approved by shareholders of both companies, and a new company
called PepsiCo, Inc. was formed.
At the time of the merger, Frito-Lay owned 46 manufacturing plants nationwide and had
more than 150 distribution centres across the United States.
The merger was pursued for multiple factors, one of which was the potential for Frito-Lay
snacks to be distributed outside of its initial markets of the United States and Canada—via
Pepsi-Cola's existing presence and distribution network in 108 countries at the time of the
merger. International distribution of Frito-Lay products expanded shortly following the 1965
merger, and its U.S. presence grew at the same time, resulting in Lay's becoming the first
potato chip brand to be sold nationwide (in all 50 U.S. states) in 1965.
Also at this time, PepsiCo had envisioned marketing Frito-Lay snacks alongside Pepsi-Cola
soft drinks. In an interview with Forbes in 1968, PepsiCo CEO Donald Kendall summarized
this by noting that "Potato chips make you thirsty; Pepsi satisfies thirst." Plans to jointly
promote the soft drink and snack products were averted later that year, with the Federal Trade
Commission ruling against it.
A new formulation of chip was introduced in 1991 that was crisper and kept fresher longer.
Shortly thereafter, the company introduced the "Wavy Lays" products to grocery shelves. In
the mid to late 1990s, Lay's modified its barbecue chips formula and rebranded it as "K.C.
Masterpiece," named after a popular sauce, and introduced a lower calorie baked version and
a variety that was completely fat-free (Lay's WOW chips containing the fat substitute
olestra).In the 2000s, kettle cooked brands appeared as did a processed version called Lay's
Stax that was intended to compete with Pringles, and the company began introducing a
variety of additional flavour variations. Frito-Lay products currently control 59% of the
United States savoury snack-food market.
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THE EVOLUTION OF FRITO LAY
1965–1980
Upon the formation of PepsiCo, Frito-Lay maintained the same brand and product line;
consisting of Fritos, Lay's, Cheetos, Ruffles, and Rold Gold pretzels. It soon began efforts to
expand with the development of new snack food brands in the 1960s and 1970s,
including Doritos (1966), Funyuns (1969) and Munchos (1971). The most popular new Frito-
Lay product launched during this era was Doritos, which initially was positioned as a more
flavourful tortilla chip. At first the chip was perceived by consumers as being too bland. In
response, the company re-launched Doritos in Taco, and later Nacho Cheese, flavours. The
spicier composition proved successful, and Doritos quickly became the second most popular
Frito-Lay product line, second only to Lay's potato chips.
Frito-Lay faced increased competition in the 1970s, from competing potato chip brands such
as Pringles, launched by Proctor & Gamble in competition with Lay's. Nabisco and Standard
Brands also expanded in the 1970s to produce potato chips, cheese curls and pretzels, which
placed added pressure across Frito-Lay's entire line of snack food brands.
1980–2000
Frito-Lay acquired Grandma's Cookies in 1980, which launched nationwide in the United
States in 1983. In January 1978 Frito-Lay's product development group led by Jack
Liczkowski has completed development of TOSTITOS, authentic Mexican-style tortilla
chips. The chips were round, made of white corn and had this Mexican, slightly soapy
flavour. To achieve this taste, it was discovered that Mexicans after cooking corn with lime,
do not wash the corn as well as one would desire, therefore the resulting stone ground corn
masa has higher content of lime and lower pH. When deep fat frying the formed chips,
calcium hydroxide reacts with oil and gives this specific taste. After successful test marketing
in 1979, Tostitos Traditional Flavour and Tostitos Nacho Cheese Flavour went in 1980 into
national distribution in the United States and have reached the sales of $140 million, making
it one of the most successful new products introduction in Frito-Lay history. Tostitos sales
grew quickly, and in 1985 it had become Frito-Lay's fifth-largest brand, generating annual
sales of $200 million. Ahead of Tostitos at the time were Doritos, Lay's, Fritos and Ruffles,
each recording annual sales between $250 and $500 million. While Tostitos became a long-
term success, several other new products launched in the 1980s were discontinued after
lacklustre results. In the late 1980s, Frito-Lay acquired Smartfood, a brand of cheese-
flavoured popcorn which it began to distribute across the United States. International sales
began to increase significantly at this time as well, with annual revenues from sales outside of
the U.S. and Canada accounting for $500 million in 1989, contributing to total Frito-Lay
sales of $3.5 billion in the same year.
Several new products were developed internally at Frito-Lay and launched in the 1990s, the
most successful of which was Sun Chips, a multi-grain chip first sold in 1991. Sun Chips,
along with new Baked (instead of fried) variants of Tostitos and Lay's, represented Frito-
Lay's intent to capitalize on an emerging trend among adults in the U.S., who were displaying
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a growing preference for healthier snack alternatives. In 1994, Frito-Lay recorded annual
retail sales of nearly $5 billion, selling 8 billion bags of chips, popcorn and pretzels during
that year—outpacing competitors Eagle (owned by Anheuser-Busch) and Wise (owned by
Borden).
Up until the mid-1990s, Frito-Lay was represented in PepsiCo's organizational structure as
Frito-Lay, a single division of PepsiCo. This changed in 1996 when PepsiCo merged its
snack food operations into what was titled the "Frito-Lay Company", made up of two
subsequent divisions, Frito-Lay North America and Frito-Lay International. In 1997, Frito-
Lay acquired the candied popcorn snack brand Cracker Jack, followed in 1998 by multiple
international acquisitions and joint ventures, including Smith's Snackfood
Company (Australia), as well as Savoy Brands (Latin America).
(2000 – PRESENT)
In the early 1980s, PepsiCo continued to grow its Frito-Lay brands in two ways—through
international expansion and acquisition. Through a joint-venture with Walkers, a U.K. chip
and snack manufacturing company, Frito-Lay increased its distribution presence in Europe.
Similar joint-ventures were arranged in other regions of the world in the 2000s,
including Smith's in Australia, and Sabritas and Gamesa in Mexico. As a result of these
international arrangements, some global Frito-Lay products (such as Doritos) are branded
under the same name worldwide. Others maintain their original name within North and South
America, while being branded under region-specific names in other parts of the world. For
example, Lay's chips are branded as Walkers Crisps in the U.K.
The Quaker Oats Company merged with PepsiCo in 2001, resulting in Quaker snacks
products becoming organized under the Frito-Lay North America operating division. This
operating structure was short-lived, and in 2003, as part of a restructuring, the international
operations of Frito-Lay (formerly Frito-Lay International) were brought within the PepsiCo
International division, while Frito-Lay North America was maintained as its own division,
comprising Frito-Lay business within the United States and Canada.
Frito-Lay introduced Reduced Fat Lay's and Cheetos in 2002. The "Baked" product line also
expanded in 2002 to include Baked Doritos. In 2003, Frito-Lay introduced the first products
in its "Natural" line, which were made with ingredients that had been organically produced.
The first of these included Organic Blue Corn Tostitos, Natural Lay's Potato Chips (seasoned
with sea salt), and Natural Cheetos White Cheddar Puffs.
In 2005, Stacy's Pita Chip Company was acquired, which represented "Frito-Lay's desire to
participate more broadly in the $90 billion macro snack category", particularly involving
snack foods made with more natural ingredients. In 2010, Frito-Lay reformulated Lay's
Kettle and Lay's flavoured chips into a new variant labelled as being made with all-natural
ingredients. Sales of Lay's potato chips grew by 8% following the change to all-natural
ingredients. As a result, Frito-Lay announced in 2010 its plans to convert approximately half
of all Frito-Lay products, including Sun Chips, Tostitos, Fritos and Rold Gold pretzels, to all-
natural ingredients in 2011.
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FULL LIST OF FRITO LAY BRANDS
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FRITO LAYS AREA OF BUSINESS
As of 2010, Frito-Lay operates production plants, distribution centres and regional offices in
more than 40 countries.
NORTH AMERICA
PepsiCo Americas Foods consists of PepsiCo's food and snack operations in North and South
America. This operating division is further segmented into Frito-Lay North America,
Sabritas, Gamesa and Latin America Foods. It also contains Quaker Foods North America.
Food and snack sales in North and South America combined made up 48 percent of
PepsiCo’s net revenue as of 2009.
Frito-Lay North America controls Frito-Lay product research and development, sales
and distribution within the U.S. and Canada. Its primary brands include Lay's and Ruffles
potato chips, Doritos tortilla chips, Tostitos tortilla chips and dips, Cheetos cheese flavoured
snacks, Fritos corn chips, Rold Gold pretzels, Sun Chips and Cracker Jack popcorn. Products
made by this division are sold to independent distributors and retailers, and are transported
from Frito-Lay's manufacturing plants to distribution centres.
Sabritas and Gamesa are two of PepsiCo’s food and snack business lines headquartered
in Mexico. Sabritas markets Frito-Lay products, such as Cheetos, Fritos, Doritos and Ruffles,
in Mexico. It also distributes local brands such as Poffets, Rancheritos, Crujitos and
Sabritones. Gamesa is the largest manufacturer of cookies in Mexico, distributing brands
such as Emperador, Arcoiris and Marías Gamesa.
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
PepsiCo’s Latin Americas Foods sells Frito-Lay branded snack foods in Central and South
America. Its portfolio of brands includes Lay's, Cheetos, Fritos and Doritos, as well as local
brands such as Lucky snacks in Brazil.
EUROPE
Frito-Lay snacks are distributed in Europe under the PepsiCo Europe operating division,
previously PepsiCo International. Its products includes Walkers Crisps, Doritos, Paw Ridge,
Smiths, Cheetos, Duyvis, Snack-a-Jacks, Looza, Twistos, and Solinki. PepsiCo maintains
manufacturing plants in Europe, the largest of which are two snack manufacturing and
processing plants located in Leicester, United Kingdom and Coventry, United Kingdom.
ASIA, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
Frito-Lay products sold under the PepsiCo Asia, Middle East & Africa division represent the
smallest (as of 2010) proportion on a revenue basis. However, its distribution is growing
more quickly than Frito-Lay's primary markets. While the primary global Frito-Lay brands
are sold in some parts of these regions, many snack food products have been created to match
local taste and cultural preferences. In India, one of these is Kurkure Twisteez, a potato-based
snack food produced in flavors popular in the country such as "Masala Munch". Frito-Lay
has also employed alternate distribution means in these regions. In South Africa, it hired
delivery drivers who had grown up in their delivery areas, with the intent of "making the
product seem less foreign".
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FRITO LAY INDIA
Since its entry in India in 1989, PepsiCo’s snack foods division Frito Lay India (FLI) has
become the clear leader in branded salty snack segment with popular brands like Lay’s,
Kurkure, Uncle Chips Cheetos and Lehar Namkeens. Quaker Oats, & Aliva, baked savoury
crackers Cheetos whole grain salty snacks enhance the choices available to the growing
health and wellness needs of FLI consumers. Frito Lay India produces its snacks at its state-
of-the-art plants in Channo (Punjab), Pune (Maharashtra) and Sankrail (West Bengal). The
company operates over 40 distribution centres that serve more than 2,500 active stockists,
reaching approximately 1 million retail outlets that in turn makes the product available at an
arms length. Lay’s is the World’s No. 1 and India’s favourite Potato Chip brand. It has a wide
range of flavours and formats. It is available in Indian flavours like Magic Masala and the
recently launched India’s lime and Masala Masti and also has brought innovative
international flavours like Spanish Tomato Tango, American Style Cream & Onion,
Caribbean Hot & Sweet Chilli and Classic Salted to the youth.
PEPSICO FOOD PORTFOLIO
PepsiCo’s food division, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market. All Frito-
Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG.
Frito-Lay’s core products are:
Lay's potato chips
Kurkure
Uncle Chipps
Lehar
Cheetos extruded snacks (including Cheetos Whoosh made of whole grain and vegetables)
Aliva
Quaker Oats (high-fibre breakfast cereal)
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PRODUCT IMAGES
1. ALIVA: MULTIGRAIN & MILK MINIS
2. KURKURE:
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3. LAYS:
4. QUAKER OATS:
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DIRECT COMPETITORS
1. Balaji
2. ITC (Bingo)
3. Parle (Hippo)
4. Procter & Gamble
5. A-Top
6. Haldiram's
7. MTR (Mavalli Tiffin Room)
8. Perfetti (Stop Not Fofos & Stop
Not Golz chips)
9. Mother Dairy (with "Aaja Khaja",
snacking product)
10. Hostage
11. Binnie's
12. Funmunch
13. Marvel
14. Garden
15. MOTA chips
16. Chedda
17. Ok
18. Brijwasi
19. Monginis
20. Satnam Overseas (Kohinoor
Namkeenz)
21. Prakash Namkeens (Madhya
Pradesh's local brand
22. Akash Namkeens (Madhya
Pradesh's local brand)
23. Unorganised Snacks industry
INDIRECT COMPETITORS
24. Snack bars
25. Fast food outlets (McDonalds,
Jumbo Vada Pav, etc.)
26. Biscuit industry
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OATS Main Players
1. Quaker
2. GSK
3. Kellogg
4. Bagrrys
5. Marico
6. Britannia
OATS Indirect Competitors
1. Maggi Healthy Noodles
2. Muesli
3. Cornflakes
4. Indian wheat-based/ home-made breakfast
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INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUMMER PROJECT DURATION: 29th May, 2012 to 29th July, 2012
PEPSICO INDIA HOLDINGS PVT. LTD. (Frito Lay India Office)
R.O.: 202, XLNC Chambers, 2nd floor, Sion-Trombay Road, Chembur, Mumbai-400071.
PROJECT TITLE: Effect of 3Ps on the reach/ penetration of PepsiCo food products.
OBJECTIVE
The project title, "Effect of 3Ps on the reach/ penetration of PepsiCo food products", was
decided by Frito Lays India's Zonal Manager, Mr. Durga Prasad Rath. He has the states of
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Goa and, Chattisgarh, under his supervision. He
looks after organized trade* of Frito Lay in these five states.
As per his instructions;
1. As an intern at Frito Lay India, I had to increase the reach of PepsiCo's food products
in the region allotted to me. The food products were; Lays, Kurkure, Aliva, Cheetos &
Quaker Oats.
2. Besides increasing the customer base, I had to understand the reasons why customers/
consumers love our products (strengths), and also why customers/ consumers don't
buy our products (weakness).
3. The obstacles faced can be broadly categorised as solvable and unavoidable, (the
categorisation has been given by me). The obstacles and its nature have been
explained later in the project.
4. Understanding what our competitors are doing better than us, why customers/
consumers prefer our competitors over us, etc.
*OT: explained later in the project.
So, now as we know the objective of my summer project, I would start with giving you an
introduction about the FRITO LAY's CATEGORIES & CHANNEL STRUCTURE.
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FRITO LAY CATEGORY INFORMATION
The food business has been broadly categorised as;
1. SNACKS: Snacks include biscuits, baked biscuits, traditional snacks, and western
salty. Western Salty snack is available in three types; potato chips, bridge and
extruded.
2. BREAKFAST CEREALS: Quaker Oats is a breakfast cereal.
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FRITO LAY CHANNEL STRUCTURE
As mentioned in the picture above; the FRITO LAY INDIA business is divided into two
branches;
1. TRADITIONAL TRADE
This branch looks after supply of Pepsi foods to the kirana stores across India and
collection of bills as well. Currently, about 80% of FRITO LAY revenue comes from
this branch.
2. ORGANIZED TRADE
This branch looks after supply of Pepsi foods to transport centres, means of transport,
entertainment institutes, food outlets, etc. The POS in the organized are shown in the
picture above. Currently, about 20% of FRITO LAY revenue comes from organized
trade.
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HIERARCHY
The organized trade on the territory of Mumbai was looked after by;
1 Zonal Manager
1 Area Sales Manager
3 Customer Executives
5 Distributors
About 20 Pre-Sales Executives
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BUILDING BLOCKS OF ORGANIZED TRADE
Primary and Secondary Sale: Primary sales is what a distributors buys from PepsiCo
and Secondary sales is what the distributors sells to the customers.
Distributor: Each zone in O.T. has one distributor. The distributor is responsible for
recruiting PSRs, cracking new outlets, delivering ordered products on time, paying
PSRs, etc.
Role of Pre Sales Representative (PSR): A PSR is recruited by the distributor. His
primary role is to service the existing clients/ customers, i.e. he has to visit them
regularly and take orders, get feedback, collect pending bills, market new products
and flavours, etc.
Role of Customer Executive (CE): A CE is recruited by PepsiCo. He is a link between
the ASM and PSRs and distributor. He overlooks the work of the PSRs and
distributors. He is also responsible for cracking new outlets.
Role of Area Sales Manager (ASM): The ASM is also recruited directly by PepsiCo.
In O.T., only one ASM is responsible for the whole of Mumbai, i.e. all five zones. He
sets targets for the CE to achieve. The target is in volume as well as in value. He also
forecasts future sales (requirement) and forwards it to the manufacturing unit. This
enables the manufacturing facility of PepsiCo to meet the market demands. He takes
weekly briefings of all the CEs under him. He is also responsible for tying up with
food & beverage outlets, e.g. SUBWAY, etc. He plans all the promotional schemes
and strategies.
Role of Zonal Manager (west zone): The zonal manager, west zone, has under him the
five states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. He visits
the market on regular basis to find the problems faced by Frito Lay. He plans all the
promotional schemes and strategies.
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TERRITORY DIVISIONS
Territory: Mumbai
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MUMBAI DIVISIONS
1. DAHISAR TO BANDRA
2. MAHIM TO CHURCHGATE
3. CST TO MULUND (CENTRAL LINE)
4. CST TO CHEMBUR (HARBOUR LINE)
5. GOVANDI TO PANVEL & THANE
CST- CHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS
ZONE ALLOCATION
1. ZONE 1 : Mr. Sachin Jadhav
2. ZONE 2 : Mr. Mohammad Ilias
3. ZONE 3 : Mr. Mohammad Ilias
4. ZONE 4 : Mr. Mohammad Ilias
5. ZONE 5 : Mr. Vibhash
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
ZONE 5
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZED TRADE
1. Average business volume per outlet
The amount of business provided by one outlet under O.T. channel is much higher
than an outlet in the T.T. channel. As a result, more revenue is generated in O.T. than
in T.T. even with equal number of outlets.
Thus, we can summarise that, as per average business per outlet; O.T. > T.T.
2. Discount rates
As the amount of business per outlet in O.T. is more, the buyers in this channel are
given higher discounts than retailers in the T.T. channel.
3. Credit period
As the customers in the O.T. channel usually give voluminous orders, they are likely
to get more credit period than the retailers in T.T. channel. In the O.T. channel,
customers get a credit period of up to 2 months.
Higher credit period is to encourage the customers to keep ordering and thus, maintain
a healthy business relationship.
4. Documentation
In O.T., most of orders are directed through a central purchasing system/ practice
followed by the company/ client. As result of other such practices followed by the
company/ client, a lot of documentation is needed in O.T. E.g.: Vendor Registration
Form, requiring to fill a lot of details, Quotation, Credit Period approval letter, etc.
5. Urgency of Delivery
In O.T., we receive lots of orders on a short notice. The deliveries tend to be on
urgency basis. The orders being large and clients being important, the delivery cannot
be delayed.
As a result, operating costs go up. With even 10 urgent deliveries per month, the
logistics cost goes up considerably and moreover, manpower crunch.
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6. O.T. Vendor Authentication
The O.T. channel faces issues of overlapping from the T.T. channel. The distributors
of T.T. end up supplying to O.T. potential clients. As they are not entitled to give
higher discounts, the account is lost out to a competitors on the grounds of
uncompetitive pricing!
WHY ORGANIZED TRADE?
1. In developed countries, organized trade accounts for about 75% of the revenue
generated by Frito Lay and traditional trade accounts for a mere 25% of the revenue.
The reason for such a vast difference in India clearly points out at the scope for
development of the O.T. channel.
2. Apart from the above mentioned reasons and characteristics of the O.T. channel, India
is a developing economy and provides greener pastures for investments. A good
number of MNCs are either entering the Indian markets or expanding their Indian
operations. Hence, we are looking at a growing number of corporate offices in India,
which provides for a bright business opportunity for Frito Lay.
3. Coffee shops are popping up across India. India also has a couple of established
coffee shop chains, like CCD, Barista, etc. Such coffee shops can be a potential
revenue generator.
4. In comparison with developed nations, India still has a lot of scope for development
when it comes to airline industry. So, keeping in mind a bright future of the Indian
airline industry, supplying PepsiCo food products to airline caterers can contribute
enormously to PepsiCo's revenues.
5. Hospitals: Developed nations have about 300 beds per 1000 people. Whereas India
has only 30 beds per 1000 people. So, definitely, hospital business is going to boom
in the years to come. Hospitals have canteens to cater to patients and visitors.
PepsiCo has food products which are healthy as well as indulgent! So, definitely
it can make its way into hospital canteens.
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6. WINE shops: After recent hike in alcohol prices and service tax and VAT, bars and
pubs have been experiencing a downfall in average footfall! People, now-a-days,
prefer to buy alcohol from wine shops and consume it in the comfort of their homes
or other suitable places.
This wine shops frequenters prefer to eat some snacks while consuming
alcohol. So here we have another potential source of revenue!
7. With the multiplex culture catching up in India, it opens up more outlets for selling
PepsiCo food products like Lays, Kurkure and Aliva.
For e.g.
CINEMAX, a multiplex chain, is in about 40 locations across India and are in
the process of opening up more multiplexes.
40 locations means they at the least have about 80 screens across India. 80
screens means a lot a cinema goers, i.e. on an average about 4500 people per
week!
Calculating further, per year it makes up about 3,00,000 viewers; and that too
if each location has only "2" screens!
CINEMAX allows food companies to sell their products across its 40 screens
provided the food companies sign a branding deal of Rs. 50,00,000!
Now, as per my experience during my internship, even a single screen theatre orders
about 6 cartons of Lays or Kurkure per week. The SKUs are of Rs.10/-, which is
given to the theatres at Rs.8/- and each carton contains 90 packets.
So, per month a single screen theatre gives a business of Rs. 21,600/-.
(5weeks x 6cartons= 30 cartons;
30 cartons x 90pieces= 2700 pieces;
2700pieces x Rs.8= Rs. 21600/-)
So, annually, a single screen theatre would give a business of Rs. 2,59,200/-
So, as per all the above points; even if a food company signs branding deal
with CINEMAX, it would still make profits. Calculations are given below;
BRANDING DEAL calculation: Rs.259200 x 40screens= Rs. 1,03, 68, 000/-
By signing a Rs.50 lakhs deal with CINEMAX, a food company stands a
chance of earning about Rs.1 crore in revenue!
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8. Apart, from the above mentioned opportunities, given below are other potential
sources of revenue;
Amusement Parks
Upcoming Metro stations
Star rated Hotels
Railway AHAR and IRCTC
Airports
Bus stands
Juice parlours
Events (Corporate events, fairs, exhibitions, etc.)
Educational Institutes
Bakery shops
Petrol pumps, etc.
Thus, Organized Trade is an attractive channel with more average business per outlet.
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ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVE
On the first day, the Zonal Manager (West), Mr. Durga Prasad Rath briefed me about
the kind of work I was supposed to do. He gave me my summer project title. I was
explained how I can leverage my field work experience to realise my project title with
full integrity.
As rightly said by David Ogilvy, "The more informative your advertising, the more
persuasive it will be." So, putting the quote in practice, I studied all the food products
thoroughly; MRP, weight, benefits, flavours, etc. Knowing what your product really
helps while selling it!
From the second day, I started with my field training under Mr. Sachin Jadhav (CE,
Dahisar to Bandra) and Intern Mr. Pratik Rangari. I learnt how they started the
conversation with potential customers and how they pursued them and closed the
deal.
Price negotiation was an important part and so also giving the right price.The training
continued for five days.
Post training, I was allotted the area form Dahisar to Bandra. I was to increase the
reach in institutions like; colleges, schools, hospitals, theatre, restaurants, pubs, wine
shops, etc.
I started from Dahisar and Borivali on the first day. Using Google, just dial, Google
map; I choked out a road map, outlet list to help me how to go about tracking new
outlets. The other regions were visited later on. Certain regions were covered
completely on foot so as to not miss any potential outlets.
As I advanced, I learnt that telling a customer how the product can benefit him
generates a positive response, in most cases. Telling them about the size of the
company really doesn't help. Apart, from the price and product, regular service
matters a lot to retailers.
So, basically it was through training, product research, competitor's analysis and self-
learning, I went about achieving my objectives.
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GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION: CLIENT VISITS
At the end of the summer project duration, I had visited and cracked a good number of
outlets. The above given graph gives a rough idea about the types of outlets visited.
In B2B marketing, follow-up visits take up most of your time spend on field!
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
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Number of Outlets
Number of Outlets
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MARKETPLACE CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS
1. Creating a database of potential customers. In order to create one, I used internet, Just
Dial services, conversed with retailers and well connected people, took help from
salesman and CE Mr. Sachin Jadhav. Covering the allotted area on foot helped in
reaching maximum number of outlets.
2. Competitor's schemes and policies. Our competitors provided better margins and they
also exchanged packages that were eaten away by rodents. PEPSICO didn't entertain
such kind of exchange. So, the only option left was to provide them will anti-rodent
racks. But the racks cost about Rs. 5000/-. So, if the customer is not giving a good
business to the company, their rack request wasn't entertained. As far as, credit policy
is concerned, it rests with the distributor. It may differ from region to region.
So, on this front, there was point where I had to just focus on the product's brand
image and quality and tell them about how fast moving our products are!
3. Rumours which malign the brand's name. Rumours like Kurkure containing plastic
was a major concern for the customers to trust our company's other products as well.
The only thing I had to fall back on was to tell them, that there has been no complains
nor has any consumers suffered after eating our products. If that would have been the
case, the company would have shut down the particular product's manufacturing!
4. Fixing an appointment.
5. Differentiating between the quality of Pepsi Co.'s and competitor's products. As a
salesman, it was my duty to know the difference between the our products and those
of our competitors. The customers thought that Balaji and others have the same taste
as of Lays and Kurkure. But that wasn't really the case.
6. Quantity issues; a decision can only be taken by the senior management.
7. Aligning distribution schedule with customer's preferences, a proper time-table for
delivery schedules, which day-which place.
8. Getting a lower price passed from the company's senior officials for a big order.
Giving more liberty to Customer Executives in terms of margin flexibility. Fixing
margin slabs as per the volume ordered.
9. Travelling and route planning. A thorough study of the routes frequented for delivery
and choosing the delivery time as per the traffic. Preparing a best route chart as per
the different time of the day.
10. Getting the salesmen service the new outlets.
11. Getting racks from the company to provide to the customers.
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LEARNINGS & OBSERVATIONS AT THE MARKETPLACE
1. As far as market share is concerned, Lays still has the leading market share, followed
by Balaji which is gaining steady grounds. Bingo, Hippo, Diamond, A- Top, etc. are
also prevalent. (MARKET SHARE IMAGE IS ON PAGE 44)
2. Our competitor's aim at increasing their market share by giving more quantity in all
the SKUs and better margin to the retailers.
3. Balaji provides better value for money,(more quantity at the same price) than Lays
and Kurkure.
Balaji gave more quantity in certain flavours it launched first. This flavours were
mostly all Indian snacks. The flavours that the launched later have almost the same
quantity as Kurkure.
Now, it has become a talk of the town that Balaji gives more quantity always at the
same price!
4. Many people due to religious sentiments prefer to keep Balaji. The name "Balaji"
refers to the Indian deity, "Venkateswara", a form of Vishnu.
5. More and more retailers have started pushing our competitors products as they
provide better margins. Many have even stopped keeping Lays, primary reason being
poor service.
6. Lays has an edge over its competitors with regards to products like, ASCO (American
style Cream and Onion. Other flavours are effortlessly imitated by the competitors.
The taste of the imitated products is not as good as Lays but the majority of the
consumers don't really opt for trial and error method. They prefer to go with more
quantity at same price.
7. W.r. to salesmen, recruitment and job enrichment is not good enough. The quality of
work suffers. As a result, distribution system and service also gets affected.
8. Late deliveries, often.
9. Frito Lays spends a fortune on advertising, but does a little for the very people who
help them sell their products. Cutting down a little on advertising budget and giving
an incentive to retailers would be a good idea. To prove my point, I can give Balaji as
an example. Balaji doesn't advertise and passes on the benefit in terms of more
quantity and better margins. Even without marketing, Balaji is known to every
consumer of snacking products.
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10. With increase in taxes, boozing out in pubs and bars has become expensive. As a
result, more and more people have started buying from wine shops and are having
their drinks at home or outside. They prefer eating chips as a snack while boozing.
Now the kind of consumer in this category are mostly price sensitive and conservative
by taste.
11. To attract this price sensitive consumers, we need to come up with lesser priced SKUs
which are more Indian in taste. The answer is LEHAR, a Pepsi Co. product. But the
distribution and manufacturing has been outsourced to A-TOP. What I am suggesting
is that, if we get the distribution in our hands, it would become easier to sell Lays and
Kurkure along with Lehar to wine shops. A whole range of products with different
flavours and price, (Rs. 2 & 5). Another reason, alcohol is priced at 5s, 8s, 4s,etc. (98,
65, 55, etc). So such prices solve the problem of "change" for the wine shop operator.
ANALYSING THE 3 Ps
As per the project title, out of the four marketing Ps, only three have been considered;
Product
Price
Promotion
The fourth P, Place, has been considered common as Mumbai.
PRODUCTS & PRICING
Analysis of FRITO LAY INDIA products & its prices;
1. LAYS
2. LAYS BAKED(Lays Baked Original Salted, Cream, Herb & Onion, Sunkissed
Tomato)
3. KURKURE
4. ALIVA
5. LEHAR
6. QUAKER OATS
7. CHEETOS
8. UNCLE CHIPS
(P.S.: LEHAR Namkeen, though a product of PEPSICO, its manufacturing and distribution
has been outsourced to ATOP, another chips manufacturer).
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SR.NO. PRODUCT FLAVOUR WEIGHT
PIECES PER
CARTON VALUE IN R.S.
1 LAYS MAGIC MASALA 13 208 5
2 LAYS SPANISH TOMATO 13 224 5
3 LAYS AMERICAN ONION 13 224 5
4 LAYS CLASSIC SALTED 13 208 5
5 LAYS HOT & SWEET 13 224 5
6 KURKURE MASALA MUNCH - 25 225 5
7 KURKURE RAJASTHANI 25 225 5
SR.NO. PRODUCT FLAVOURS WEIGHT
PIECES PER
CARTON VALUE IN R.S.
8 KURKURE HYDERABADI 25 225 5
9 KURKURE RED CHILLY CHATKA- 25 225 5
10 KURKURE TWISTEEZ 25 234 5
11 LAYS MAGIC MASALA- 27 90 10
12 LAYS SP.TANGO 27 90 10
13 LAYS AMERICAN CREAM N ONION 27 90 10
14 LAYS CLASSIC SALTED 27 90 10
15 LAYS HOT & SWEET 27 90 10
16 LAYS L-M-N LIME 27 90 10
17 UNCLE CHIPS UC ST 36 96 10
18 UNCLE CHIPS UC PS 36 96 10
19 UNCLE CHIPS UC CM 36 120 10
20 UNCLE CHIPS PAPRI CHAT 36 120 10
21 KURKURE MASALA MUNCH 52 96 10
22 KURKURE RAJASTHANI 50 96 10
23 KURKURE HYDERABADI 50 96 10
24 KURKURE RED CHILLY CHATKA 50 96 10
25 KURKURE TWISTEEZ 50 96 10
26 LAYS MAGIC MASALA 61 56 20
27 LAYS SP.TANGO 61 56 20
28 LAYS AMERICAN CREAM N ONION 61 56 20
29 LAYS CLASSIC SALTED 61 56 20
30 KURKURE MASALA MUNCH 115 60 20
31 KURKURE HYDERABADI 115 60 20
32 KURKURE RAJASTHANI 115 60 20
33 KURKURE RED CHILLY CHATKA 115 60 20
34 CHEETOS MASALA BALL 34 120 10
35 CHEETOS TANGY LOOPS 34 120 10
36 CHEETOS CHEESE PUFF 34 88 10
37 CHEETOS CHEESE BALL 34 120 10
38 ALIVA ALIVA ORIGINAL SALTED 60 96 15
39 ALIVA ALIVA PINDI MASALA 60 96 15
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40 ALIVA ALIVA MINT & HERBS 60 96 15
41 ALIVA ALIVA TOMATO & ROASTED 60 96 15
42 ALIVA ALIVA INDIAN MASALA 60 96 15
43 ALIVA ALIVA CHEESE DELIGHT 60 96 15
44 LAYS BAKED BAKED O.SALTED 35 80 15
45 LAYS BAKED BAKED SUN TAMATO 35 80 15
46 LAYS BAKED BAKED CH/ONION 35 80 15
47 QUAKER OATS QUAKER OATS REFILL 1KG 1 KG 12 129
48 QUAKER OATS QUAKER OATS REFILL 400GM 400 GMS 24 61
ANALYSIS:
(The comments are made in general after analysing all the products sold by PepsiCo. In case
of a special comment, it has been mentioned).
The quality of the products is the best in the chips market
Moreover, the flavours are also good. Though, there have been imitation of these
flavours, they have not been successful to create the same taste as FRITO LAY.
So, when it comes to quality and taste, PepsiCo still has an upper hand!
The issue is that of quantity!
Our competitors are eating up into Lay's market share by giving more quantity. Their
focus is on the middle class consumers and this class is in majority in India.
A competitor played smart by providing good quantity in its initial launches and thus,
created the perception that they provide more at the same price. The flavours that
were launched eventually had lesser quantity. Though, not as less as FRITO LAY's.
The packaging is up to standards as made mandatory by the FDA. The nutrition table
clearly mentions all the details.
Moreover, the packaging is also smarter than the contemporaries in the industry.
The pricing is the same as our competitors. Hence, the issue of value comes into
picture. The majority of the consumers prefer products with more quantity.
It comes naturally, that the middle class wants more quantity at the same price.
QUAKER OATS: The instant oats available for Rs.10/- is a good way to make the
consumers try it at least once. The other SKUs are also attractively priced. The rising
concern for health is helping the Oats industry to grow at a CAGR of 25%.
KEY STRENGHTS IN Product & Pricing segment: Taste of the flavours, packaging, brand
name.
Time for another PEPSI CHALLENGE, of reminding the consumers of the FRITO
LAY taste & reliability?
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PROMOTION
This part deals with the promotional activities undertaken by PepsiCo for increasing reach of
its products.
For the end-consumer:
1. LAYS
'No one can eat just one' campaign
'What's the programme?' campaign featuring Saif Ali Khan and later, M.S.
Dhoni
'Fight for you Flavour' consumer engaging campaign featuring Saif Ali Khan
and M.S. Dhoni.
Chip-N-Sauce campaign wherein a sauce sachet was given inside the packet;
Chilli Chinese with a Schezwan Sauce sachet and Chatpata Indian with a
Tamarind Sauce sachet.
Be a Little Dillogical
Pal Banaye Magical
Guess Whose Flavour?
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WORLD CUP CAMPAIGN
2. LEHAR
Taste zyada kyunki oil taza!
Khushiyon ka Khazana
The Joy of Sharing- Khao Khilao Khushiyan Badhao
3. UNCLE CHIPPS
Bole Mere Lips I love Uncle Chipps!
Uncle Chipps is warm, playful, lively, companionable and traditional at heart,
just like the good-natured uncle everyone in the family relates to and no
family gathering is complete without!
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4. KURKURE
Spend time with family ad campaign
Tedha hai par mera hai ad campaign
Saas Bahu ad campaign
Desi Beats campaign; No fun without Desipann!
Muh Kurkure Karo ad campaign
Chai-time Achievers campaign
Kurkure has been placed as fun and lovable quirks, i.e. crunchy new-age snack which stands
for light-hearted fun!
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5. QUAKER OATS
'Say Good Morning To Your Heart' ad campaign
'Make India Heart Healthy' campaign in association with APPOLO Hospitals.
www.goodmorningheart.com wherein register for a heart health test!
Quaker Smart Heart Challenge for 30 Days!
6. ALIVA
Tasty hai, Acha hai ad campaign
Upar se tasty, Andar se healthy featuring Vidya Balan, a bollywood actress.
Available in about 11 healthy flavours!
7. CHEETOS
Cheetos promotional campaign didn't last much long. The most memorable one
was CHEETOS WHOOSH campaign! It was about seeing the world differently
and hence, get a fun and different life!
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FOR RETAILERS:
1. In order to convince retailers to keep PepsiCo products, they are given free pieces for
every dozen they order, in Traditional Trade. In O.T., they are given better margins
and no free units.
2. They are provided with display racks, simple ones or anti- rodent racks.
3. If the products are not sold until expiry, they are exchanged!
4. If the retailers are giving good business, they are given an added benefit of credit
period, on demand.
5. For some seasonal flavours which don't attract good sales, in order to extinguish the
remaining stock, they are given away to the Point Of Sales, at a very discounted rates
or even for free!
The comparison of retailer's scheme of Frito Lay and its competitors has been done in the
earlier part of the project.
Some of the attractive schemes given by the competitors;
Retailer's Platinum Card, Gold Card, etc. adopted by ITC.
Margin scheme by Balaji
Free SKUs scheme
Exchange of rodent damaged SKUs, etc.
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SUGGESTIONS
1. With the distributors, prepare a logistics and delivery plan, also keeping in mind
sudden and urgent orders. A logistics plan will help in timely deliveries.
2. Creating a standard procedure (& checklist) for recruitment of a new salesman and
strict rules and regulations to be followed by all the salesmen.
3. Making it compulsory to report to the distributor point at the end of each working day
and pass over the whole day's working to the distributor (order and progress). This
helps in inducing a certain amount of discipline and control over the work force.
4. Creating a standard procedure for selection of distributor.
5. Moreover, making it mandatory for the senior officials to meet the distributor at
regular intervals and the distributor needs to submit certain reports to the company.
Reports like primary and secondary business report, Stock, Expiry stock, progress
report, SKU progress report, Flavour report, salesmen report, etc.
6. Such reports will help the senior officials in understanding the market in a better way
and help them in forecasting, planning, firing, marketing, etc. An added benefit would
be that the distributor would be disciplined and automatically answerable to the
company.
7. Provide with anti-rodent racks to potential customers, of course with a minimum
opening order.
8. Developing an automatic ordering system for repeat orders.
9. If not the 7th option, then sending out the delivery van along with the salesman.
Delivery given right at the time of order.
10. Proper training for CEs, salesmen and distributor and also a product test.
11. Schemes for retailers. A display to be placed at their shop and they will get some cash
for keeping the ad. This cash would cover up for lesser margin. Another scheme can
be like free packets or point system.
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12. Keep certain running flavours as perennial and making other flavours a seasonal
affair.
EXAMPLE;
Lays flavours like American Style Cream and Onion, Classic Salted and Magic
Masala are the fast moving ones. So this flavours will be year round.
Other flavours like Hot n Sweet, Spanish Tomato, IPL Season, etc. should be made a
seasonal affair. This flavours should be used as a seasonal attraction, to keep things
new and running.
13. May be popularising a concept like LAYS Calendar can be a good idea. Lays
Calendar means, January, February and March are the Hot n Sweet Months, April and
May IPL Season and so on.
14. The pizza industry is gaining momentum in India. So, may be tying up with Pizza
Hut, only for home deliveries, to give out Lays and Kurkure SKUs for free or instead
of change.
15. Tying up with Shivneri, luxury bus service of the state government. About 300
Shivneri bus trips originate from Mumbai each day. So, a similar concept of giving
away Lays and Kurkure SKUs instead of change or keep it in Shivneri buses for sale
would be new channel for sale. To avoid any agitation from the bus conductor, for
every packet he sells, he will get 50 paise or a certain amount.
75 | P a g e
KEY LEARNINGS:
1. Apart from increasing visibility on television and other mediums of communication, I
would concentrate a little more on devising a scheme for retailers, display benefits or
better margins.
2. The realisation comes from the fact that fewer and fewer consumers will be concerned
about buying a certain product once they disappear from the retailer's shelf.
3. I would not sideline the wealth on the bottom of the pyramid, making a rich product
but a little more quantity, would maintain the image of the product for the rich ones as
well as maintain a goodwill among the lesser privileged.
4. Lack of advertisement may work in the favour of the brand, provided it's product and
distribution is good. The brand may emerge to be a business brand.
5. Negotiation skills have improved.
6. Got to know about how to understand a market i.e. market analysis.
7. There are many problems apart from marketing and production problems that are not
easily visible. But together this problems hamper the functioning of company. Putting
in efforts to know about such problems is worth it.
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CONCLUSION
BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
1. As Frito Lays follows "Partnership with Farmers" , they are not under
much of pressure from the supplier i.e. the farmer.
2. PepsiCo practices contract farming across the country in order to source
raw material or its products.
3. The other suppliers: Frito Lays' products sell like hot pancakes in India.
Besides, it is also a MNC and hence, it also exports some of its Indian
products. With such a lucrative business opportunity for its other
suppliers, why would someone lose such a account by merely
pressurising.
4. Lays has already gotten into making organic products, (LAYS
NATURAL) in the US.
So, as of now, there are not many organic farmers in India. So, in order to
take such a decision in India, it needs to do a lot of pre-launch work of
partnering with more farmers to grow organic crops.
5. Supplies do determine the success of Frito Lay in the market.
6. There is no supplier's threat for forward integration.
7. Switching cost may be moderate, but if production slow down is
considered, it may be termed as high.
BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
1. Buyers are definitely large in number and small in size, (retailers, etc).
2. The threat of substitute products is high.
3. Frito Lay's products are not critical for the buyer's success.
4. Switching costs are not at all high.
5. With food processing plant costing about $80 million, there is a low risk
of backward integration from the buyers.
6. However, if all these retailers brought together, they form an association
which have a united voice to speak up against the company. For example,
P&G was boycotted by Mumbai's medical shop and retail shop owners as
they would not give a good margin. After the boycott, P&G started giving
higher incentives
77 | P a g e
THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
1. The customers/ consumers have to bear no switching cost to switch to its
substitute product or even competitor's product.
2. There are substitute products which are lower in cost and there also substitute
which cost the same but give more quantity, i.e. more value.
3. Both of the above mentioned substitute's quality is acceptable enough.
4. The products offered by Frito Lays is definitely not a differentiated product.
RIVALRY
1. There is tremendous competition in snacks industry with giants like Parle, ITC,
MTR, Perfetti, Procter & Gamble , ConAgra Foods, Nabisco, etc and other
SMEs fighting for a pie of the Rs. 7000 crore snacking market.
2. Apart from the branded snacks segment, the unorganized or unbranded snacks
industry is the biggest competitor for Frito Lays.
3. Another major competition is from healthy snacking industry due to a rising
concern for eating healthy and to avoid snacks!
4. The fast food joints also pose a major threat to Frito Lay's products. E.g.:
McDonalds, Vada pav stalls, etc.
THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
1. The capital needed to get into the snacking industry is not so high.
2. Economies of scale is achievable if the new entrant has that much of capital. But
achieving efficiency on such a large scale may take some time.
3. Customer switching costs are not high at all.
4. Distribution in the urban areas may be easy and doable but penetrating into the rural
areas and developing such a network will take a long time and lots of efforts.
5. Pepsi does have an advantage in terms of raw material procurement due its "
Partnership with Farmers" initiative. Other cost advantage can be promotional
advantage.
6. Government regulations for the snacking industry are not steep.
7. FRITO LAYS does enjoy a brand loyalty with the highest market share of about 48%.
The snacking industry is a highly competitive industry with wide of range of substitutes
available, branded and unbranded.
With entry barrier being low, it further intensifies the fight for higher market share.
With continuous innovation needed in this industry, small players may not be able to
stick around for a long time.
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WORKING WITH PEPSICO
Working with PEPSICO was a great learning curve. I got to know many ground realities. I
got a chance to work with lower most people in the company's hierarchy as well as chance to
interact with the sellers of our product. Selling provides a unique way of conducting a survey,
which helps in knowing the retailer psychology. It has helped me in becoming better at
communication, not as per English, but saying the right words at the right time and place.
As mentioned earlier, at the time of my joining there were about 160 outlets, at the end of my
internship there were about 250 outlets. Some of the outlets are still under negotiations which
were initiated by me.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Source:
1. Observation
2. Q&A with retailers
3. Q&A with consumers at random
4. Q&A with sales rep. of other companies.
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79 | P a g e
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80 | P a g e
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PRINT:
1. Book on Strategic Management by;
Mr. Mani Kutti
Robert A. Hitt
2. National Sunflower Association;
Dynamics of the Snack Food Industry by Sally Lyons Wyatt
3. Economic Times
4. Marketing Management by Mr. Philip Kotler
5. PEPSICO Annual Report 2011
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