Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions

7/31/2019 Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions

1/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 4

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b?

C`qb Nd{dif{fb}) C`qb Trb}{f`h}B|bmr{f~b ]rccdqv (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 1

Fh{q`krm{f`h (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2

]bm{f`h @hb?

K`ra{} dhk Uq`cf}b ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( kbd{l} dc`hg ubùib wl` wbqb ubuubq#}uqdvbk

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dn{bq abfhg ubuubq }uqdvbk n`q da`r{ b~bqv >55 {fcb} {lb }uqdv f} r}bk av uìfmb(

[lb nd{dif{v }rccdqv ubqf`k bhkbk or}{ abn`qb {lb Orhb ;) 4662) kbd{l `n udqìbb Ddq`h Wfiifdc}) =7) wl`)

dmm`qkfhg {` wf{hb}}b}) wd} }d~dgbiv abd{bh) jfmjbk dhk qbubd{bkiv ubuubq#}uqdvbk av ]dh Nqdhmf}m` Uìfmb

Kbudq{cbh{ `nnfmbq} fh d md}b {ld{ ld} uq`~`jbk d cdo`q m`h{q`~bq}v fh {lb Adv Dqbd(

Fhmqbd}bk r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv av idw bhn`qmbcbh{ ld} qdf}bk }bqf`r} m`hmbqh} da`r{ wlb{lbq uìfmb wfii r}b

ubuubq }uqdv {` fcu`}b d udfhnri mlbcfmdi }{qbb{ or}{fmb wf{l`r{ qb}`q{ {` mqfcfhdi mldqgb} `q {lb m`rq{}( C`qb`~bq)

{lb gq`wfhg hrcabq `n nd{dif{fb} fh Mdifn`qhfd ld} uq`~`jbk trb}{f`h} da`r{ wlb{lbq ubuubq }uqdv wd} uqùbqiv

qb~fbwbk n`q }dnb{v dhk bnnbm{f~bhb}} abn`qb f{ wd} ibgdifzbk n`q r}b av idw `nnfmbq} `q mf~fifdh}([lb DMIR `n ]`r{lbqh Mdifn`qhfd à{dfhbk dmmb}} {` lrhkqbk} `n udgb} `n k`mrcbh{} nq`c {lb Mdifn`qhfd

Bh~fq`hcbh{di Uq`{bm{f`h Dgbhmv} @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk D}}b}}cbh{ {ld{ qbnibm{ m`hmbqh} av

}{d{b }mfbh{f}{} `~bq ubuubq }uqdv} }dnb{v( [lb DMIR di}` à{dfhbk dh fh{bqhdi cbc`qdhkrc uq`krmbk av {lb idqgb}{

}ruuifbq `n ubuubq }uqdv {` {lb Mdifn`qhfd uìfmb dhk mf~fifdh cdqjb{} {ld{ m`hmirkb} {ld{ }bqf`r} lbdi{l qf}j} cdv

bh}rb fn uìfmb }uqdv d ubq}`h wf{l @M wf{l c`qb {ldh d }fhgib arq}{ `n `hb }bm`hk krqd{f`h(

Fh {lb }bqfb} `n 1> nd{di md}b} b|dcfhbk av {lb DMIR) h`hb fkbh{fnfbk ubuubq }uqdv d} {lb mdr}b `n kbd{l( Ar{

k`mrcbh{} qbm`~bqbk av {lb DMIR b}{daif}l {ld{ }{d{b }mfbh{f}{} ld~b wdqhbk n`q c`qb {ldh {w` vbdq} {ld{ }` if{{ib

f} jh`wh da`r{ qb}fkrdi bnnbm{} `n ubuubq }uqdv {ld{ cbkfmdi b|dcfhbq} cdv h`{ jh`w wld{ {` i``j n`q krqfhg dh

dr{ù}v(

[lb DMIR} fh~b}{fgd{f`h `n {lb}b nd{di md}b} fhmirkbk qb~fbw `n dr{ù}v qbu`q{} dhk cbkfmdi b|dcfhbq

fh~b}{fgd{f`h qbu`q{}) d} wbii d} fh{bq~fbw} wf{l nqfbhk} dhk qbid{f~b} `n {lb ~fm{fc} dhk fh~b}{fgd{fhg uìfmb `nnfmbq}(

[lb DMIR di}` qb~fbwbk qbu`q{} `n fh~b}{fgd{f`h} `n }`cb `n {lb md}b} av }{d{b `nnfmfdi} dhk {lb I`} Dhgbib} M`rh{v

Kf}{qfm{ D{{`qhbv} @nnfmb(

[lb DMIR dhdiv}f} `n {lb 1> nd{dif{fb} n`rhk {ld{?

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3/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 =

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wbqb wd} fkbh{fnfbk d} m`h{qfar{fhg {` {lb mdr}b `n kbd{l `q {lb uqfcdqv mdr}b `n kbd{l((

Dii `n {lb ~fm{fc} wbqb dm{fhg fqqd{f`hdiiv wlbh u ifmb nfq}{ m`h{dm{bk {lbc) ar{ ubuubq }uqdv ldk d 5"bnnbm{f~bhb}} qd{b `h {lbc( Fh ~fq{rdiiv b~bqv md}b) ~fm{fc} m`h{fhrbk {` }{qrggib wf{l `nnfmbq} dn{bq {lbv

wbqb }uqdvbk) }`cb{fcb} abm`cfhg c`qb m`cad{f~b( H`hb `n {lbc wd} m`ccf{{fhg d }bqf`r} ~fìbh{ mqfcbwlbh uìfmb nfq}{ dqqf~bk(

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Di{l`rgl ubuubq }uqdv} }ruu`q{bq} ld~b dqgrbk {ld{ f{ f} ifjbiv {` qb}ri{ fh ib}} if{fgd{f`h `~bq uìfmb dar}bdhk wq`hgnri kbd{l) hbdqiv d {lfqk `n {lb Mdifn`qhfd nd{dif{fb} ld~b qb}ri{bk fh ibgdi dm{f`h( Dhk wlfibubuubq }uqdv uqù`hbh{} ld~b uqbkfm{bk ~fm{fc} w`rik ld~b kfnnfmri{v wfhhfhg }rml }rf{}) }b{{ibcbh{} ld~bdiqbdkv abbh udfk fh {w` wq`hgnri kbd{l dm{f`h}(

Fh k`mrcbh{} à{dfhbk av {lb DMIR fh uqbudqd{f`h `n {lb qbu`q{) wb n`rhk?

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D R(]( Dqcv }{rkv m`hkrm{bk d{ {lb Dabqkbbh Uq`~fhg Gq`rhk fh 466= m`hmirkbk {ld{ ubuubq }uqdv}dm{f~b fhgqbkfbh{) f} mdudaib `n uq`krmfhg cr{dgbhfm dhk mdqmfh`gbhfm bnnbm{}) }bh}f{fzd{f`h) mdqkf`~d}mridq

dhk uric`hdqv {`|fmf{v) hbrq`{`|fmf{v) d} wbii d} u`}}faib lrcdh nd{dif{fb}( Fh d 466; udubq) {lb Mdi#BUD} @nnfmb `n Bh~fq hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk D}}b}}cbh{ ,@BLLD& m`hmirkbk

{ld{) di{l`rgl f{ f} mibdq {ld{ {lb cbkfmdi b|dcfhbq} ld~b {lr} ndq h`{ cdkb dh d}}`mfd{f`h ab{wbbh @Mr}b dhk {lb}b kbd{l}) wb dqb }{fii m`hmbqhbk {ld{ fh bdml fhmfkbh{) rh{`wdqk qbdm{f`h} {` @M cdv ld~babbh d m`h{qfar{fhg mdr}b `n kbd{l `q b|dmbqad{bk rhkbqivfhg m`hkf{f`h} }rml d} uqb#b|f}{fhg kf}bd}b `qkqrg r}b) {` mdr}b mdqkfdm `q qb}ufqd{`qv ndfirqb(

Fh Orhb) 466;) `hb @BLLD }mfbh{f}{ à}bq~bk fh dh B#cdfi cb}}dgb }bh{ {` d mìibdgrb) wb ld~b dgqbbk{ld{ @M cdv ld~b abbh fhkfqbm{iv) dhk u`}}faiv b~bh kfqbm{iv abbh {lb mdr}b `n }`cb `n {lb}b kbd{l}(

K`mrcbh{} à{dfhbk av {lb DMIR di}` }l`w {ld{ {lb Mdi#BUD dhk Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb wfii ab

rhdaib {` cbb{ dh Drgr}{) 4662 kbdkifhb n`q m`cuib{f`h `n }mfbh{fnfm }{rkfb} {` trdh{fnv ubuubq }uqdv} lbdi{l qf}j}(

Dh fh{bqhdi Mdi#BUD b}{fcd{b }rggb}{} {lf} qb}bdqml cdv ab d{ ibd}{ {w` vbdq} ablfhk }mlbkrib dhk ld} h` mldhmb `nabfhg nfhf}lbk abn`qb {lb {lqbb#vbdq uq`~f}f`hdi mbq{fnfmd{f`h bhk} fh Drgr}{) 4662(

[lb DMIR qbu`q{ m`hmirkb} {ld{?

4& [lbqb f} mibdq b~fkbhmb {ld{ ubuubq }uqdv f} rhifjbiv {` w`qj `h ubùib wl` dqb lfgl `h kqrg} dhk fhu}vmlfd{qfm mqf}f} dhk {lbqb f} mibdq b~fkbhmb ubuubq }uqdv u`}b} }bqf`r} qf}j} fn f{ f} r}bk `h ubùib wf{lqb}ufqd{`qv kf}bd}b) b}ubmfdiiv d}{lcd(

1& [lbqb f} d }{q`hg }{d{f}{fmdi d}}`mfd{f`h ab{wbbh r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv fh m`cafhd{f h wf{l uìfmb qb}{qdfh{


4/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 ;

{bmlhftrb}) ifjb {lb m`h{q`~bq}fdi l`g#{fb) dhk kbd{l(

=& Mdi#BUD }mfbh{f}{} ld~b wdqhbk {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb dhk D{{`qhbv( Gbhbqdi( KdhIrhgqbh `n {lbfq qb}bq~d{f`h} da`r{ ubuubq }uqdv dhk m`hmbqh} da`r{ f{} u`}}faib qìb fh mdr}fhg nd{dif{fb}n`q c`qb {ldh {w` vbdq}) ar{ h` dm{f`h ld} abbh {djbh fh qb}u`h}b( Fh ndm{) {lb Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmbubqcf{{bk mf~fifdh r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv kb}uf{b cdhv `n {lb}b nbdq} av }mfbh{f}{}(

;& H` nbkbqdi dgbhmv ld} {djbh qbgrid{`qv qb}u`h}fafif{v n`q ubuubq }uqdv dhk Mdifn qhfd} }{d{b dgbhmv {ld{`~bq}bb} idw bhn`qmbcbh{ {qdfhfhg ld} ndfibk {` mdr{f`h uìfmb {ld{ ubuubq }uqdv }l`rik h`{ ab r}bk fhb|mb}} `n d }fhgib `hb#}bm`hk arq}{(

[lb DMIR }{rkv qbm`ccbhk} {ld{?

4& [lb K@O kb~biù bcbqgbhmv qb}{qfm{f h} `h ubuubq }uqdv {` cfhfcfzb b|u`}rqb `n ubùib wl` cdv ab d{fhmqbd}bk qf}jfhmirkfhg kqrg r}bq}) d}{lcd{fm}) {lb cbh{diiv fii dhk ubùib wf{l uqbb|f}{fhg lbdq{ `qqb}ufqd{`qv kf}bd}b(

1& Uìfmb dhk m`qqbm{f`h} dgbhmfb} }l`rik dkù{ c`kbi uìfmfb} n`q @M r}b kb~bi ubk av {lb DMIR( [lb}b

uìfmfb} duubdq d} dh duubhkf| {` {lf} qbu`q{(=& [lb Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb dhk Mdi#BUD w`qj {` kb~biù bnnbm{f~b wdqhfhg idabi} n`q a`{l uìfmb dhk

mf~fifdh ~bq}f`h} `n ubuubq }uqdv(

;& [lb Ibgf}id{rqb }l`rik kbnbd{ DA & [lb K@O dhk {lb Mdifn`qhfd M`ccf}}f`h `h Ubdmb @nnfmbq ]{dhkdqk} dhk [qdfhfhg }l`rik qbtrfqb idwbhn`qmbcbh{ dgbhmfb} {` }rcc`h udqdcbkfm admjru dhv {fcb d ubq}`h fh d lfgl#qf}j gq`ru cdv ab}uqdvbk( R}b `n {lb }`#mdiibk l`g#{fb qb}{qdfh{ `h ubùib wl` ld~b abbh ubuubq }uqdvbk }l`rik ab adhhbk(


5/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


FH[Q@KRM[F@H

@ib`qb}fh mdu}fmrc ,@M&) `q ubuubq }uqdv) f} gdfhfhg dmmbu{dhmb dhk uùridqf{v dc`hg idw bhn`qmbcbh{`nnfmbq} dhk uìfmb dgbhmfb} d} d }dnb dhk bnnbm{f~b cb{l`k `n fhmdudmf{d{fhg ~fìbh{ `q {lqbd{bhfhg }raobm{}( [lbqbf}) l`wb~bq) d idmj `n àobm{f~b kd{d `h @M) f{} qf}j} dhk f{} abhbnf{}(

##Hd{f`hdi Fh}{f{r{b `n Or}{fmb4

Nbw hbw idw bhn`qmbcbh{{bmlhì`gfb} ld~b d{{qdm{bk d} crml d{{bh{f`h) `q mqbd{bk d} crmlm`h{q`~bq}v) d} @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc) d m`cu`rhk kbqf~bk nq`c {lb mdvbhhb ubuubq uidh{ {ld{ nfq}{ gdfhbk

qbm`ghf{f`h abmdr}b f{ m`rik wdqk `nn d{{dmj} av cbhdmfhg abdq}(

Fcu`q{bk {` {lb Rhf{bk ]{d{b} nq`c Mdhdkd) wlbqb f{ nfq}{ wd} kb~biùbk fh f{} abdq qbubiidh{ n`qc) @M##uùridqiv jh`wh d} ubuubq }uqdv##fccbkfd{biv d{{qdm{bk {lb d{{bh{f`h `n {lb R(]( U`}{di ]bq~fmb) wlfml ldk abbh

}bdqmlfhg n`q d c`qb bnnbm{f~b wdv {` jbbu k`g} nq`c af{fhg f{} ib{{bq mdqqfbq}(

Av {lb id{b 46


6/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 >

fqqd{f`hdi wdv( [lb uìfmv di}` qbtrfqb} {ld{ dh dcaridhmb ab }rcc`hbk fccbkfd{biv fn d ubq}`h wl` ld} abbh

ubuubq }uqdvbk ld} kfnnfmri{v aqbd{lfhg dhk qbtrfqb} cbkfmdi b~dird{f`h fn d ubq}`h }{fii b|lfaf{} }vcu{`c} `n

kf}m`cn`q{ ;2 cfhr{b} dn{bq abfhg }uqdvbk(;]dh Nqdhmf}m` uìfmb dqb {qdfhbk {` nfqb ubuubq }uqdv d{ d }raobm{ `hiv

`hmb fh {lb abifbn {ld{ fn ubuubq }uqdv f} g`fhg {` w`qj fh d gf~bh }f{rd{f`h) `hiv `hb lf{ wf{l {lb }uqdv f} hbmb}}dqv(

@nnfmbq Qfmldqk Ibb) d ]NUK {qdfhbq) wd} tr`{bk d} }dvfhg? Fn v`r lf{ {lb {dqgb{) dhk v`r }bb f{} {djbh h` bnnbm{) Fk

qb}`q{ {` }`cb{lfhg bi}b(2

Fh {lb Wfiifdc} fhmfkbh{) dii `n {lb m`hmbqh} ~`fmbk av mqf{fm} `n rhqb}{qfm{bk) `~bqiv aq`dk dhk fhbnnbm{f~biv

m`h{qìibk r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv av uìfmb dqb qdf}bk(

[lf} qbu`q{ f} {lb {lfqk `h ubuubq }uqdv av {lb Dcbqfmdh Mf~fi Ifabq{fb} Rhf`h `n ]`r{lbqh Mdifn`qhfd( Bdqifbq

qbu`q{} wbqb f}}rbk fh ]bu{bcabq) 466=) dhk Cdqml) 466;(

Qb}bdqml n`q {lf} hbw qbu`q{ wd} abgrh fh Odhrdqv) 4662) wlbh {lbqb duubdqbk {` ab 15 nd{dif{fb} }fhmb Odh( 4)

466=) fh md}b} fh wlfml ubuubq }uqdv wd} r}bk( D} {lf} qbu`q{ wfii }l`w fh ]bm{f`h 1) av Cdv =4) 4662) d {`{di `n 1>

ubùib ldk kfbk fh ubuubq }uqdv fhmfkbh{}) di{l`rgl @M ld} h`{ abbh `nnfmfdiiv mf{bk d} {lb mdr}b `n kbd{l fh dhv `n

{lbc {lr} ndq(

[lf} qbu`q{ di}` n`mr}b} `h {lb qb}ri{} `n {lb DMIR} qb~fbw `n lrhkqbk} `n udgb} `n k`mrcbh{} à{dfhbk rhkbq{lb Mdifn`qhfd Uraifm Qbm`qk} Dm{ dhk nq`c ubuubq }uqdv cdhrndm{rqbq}( [lb}b k`mrcbh{} qdf}b kf}trfb{fhg

trb}{f`h} da`r{ {lb idmj `n }mfbh{fnfm jh`wibkgb da`r{ {lb lrcdh a`kv} qb}u`h}b {` ubuubq }uqdv##udq{fmridqiv

dc`hg d ldhknri `n duudqbh{iv lfgl#qf}j gq`ru} fhmirkfhg d}{lcd{fm} dhk {lb cbh{diiv fii( Dkbtrd{b u`}{#c`q{bc

{b}{} }fcuiv k` h`{ b|f}{ {` kb{bqcfhb fn ubuubq }uqdv f} {lb mdr}b `n `q m`h{qfar{bk {` {lb kbd{l `n ubùib wl` kfbk

dn{bq {lbv wbqb }uqdvbk(

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duuqùqfd{b grfkbifhb} n`q r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv: dhk 1& rqgb }{d{b ifmbh}fhg dr{l`qf{fb} {` qbtrfqb {ld{ ad}fm }mfbhmb

qb}bdqml `h {lb bnnbm{} `n ubuubq }uqdv ab m`hkrm{bk fccbkfd{biv( [lf} qb}bdqml w`rik kb{bqcfhb wlb{lbq ubuubq

}uqdv mdh fhorqb `q jfii) dhk `h wl`c f{ mdh##dhk mdhh`{##ab r}bk }dnbiv(

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}uqdv cdv ab dh duuqùqfd{b r}b `n uìfmb n`qmb( @rq fhtrfqv b}{daif}lb}) l`wb~bq) {ld{ {lbqb f} d uf{fnri idmj `n

}mfbh{fnfm kd{d `h ubuubq }uqdv( [lb hrcabq `n nd{di fhmfkbh{} ld~b abm`cb {`` hrcbq`r} {` qrib `r{ ubuubq }uqdv

d} d m`h{qfar{fhg ndm{`q(

D} ]bm{f`h 4 b|uidfh}) {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb dhk Mdifn`qhfd Bh~fq`hcbh{di Uq`{bm{f`h Dgbhmv

f}}rbk d {lqbb#vbdq uq`~f}f`hdi mbq{fnfmd{f`h n`q ubuubq }uqdv fh Drgr}{) 4661( [ld{ mbq{fnfmd{f`h f} da`r{ {` b|ufqb)

ar{ wf{l`r{ m`cuib{f`h `n dhv `n {lb cdhkd{bk }mfbh{fnfm }{rkfb} qbtrfqbk d} {lb cdo`q m`hkf{f`h `n f}}rfhg {lb

mbq{fnfmd{f`h fh {lb nfq}{ uidmb( Wf{lfh {lb Mdi#BUD) mdr{f`hdqv ~`fmb} ld~b h`{ abbh if}{bhbk {`) di{l`rgl trb}{f`h}

dhk k`ra{} da`r{ ubuubq }uqdv ld~b abbh ~`fmbk m`h{fhr`r}iv }fhmb 4664(

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}{dhkdqk} g`~bqhfhg {lb r}b `n ubuubq }uqdv( Fh dkkf{f`h) `rq qb}bdqml `h {lb u`{bh{fdi lbdi{l qf}j} `n ubuubq }uqdv

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ndii} }trdqbiv wf{lfh m`h}{f{r{f`hdi }{dhkdqk}) qbubd{bkiv bhn`qmbk av {lb m`rq{}) {ld{ uìfmb cdv r}b `hiv {lb

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7/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


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8/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

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`q }{fcridh{ kqrg}) fhmirkfhg m`mdfhb) UMU dhk cb{ldculb{dcfhb dhk ubùib fh }{d{b} `n b|{qbcb cbh{di kf}{qb}}

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fhmfkbh{}(

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udgb bh{f{ibk IDUK Ubuubq ]uqdv Fhmfkbh{}(

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11/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


}{d{r{`qv dr{l`qf{v {` qbgrid{b `q ifmbh}b ubuubq }uqdv`q dhv `{lbq ib}}#{ldh#ib{ldi {bmlhì`gv( F{ idmj} dhv u`wbq

{` qbtrfqb uqb#cdqjb{ mibdqdhmb fh {lb nd}lf`h `n }`cb `{lbq nbkbqdi qbgrid{`qv dgbhmfb}) dhk f{ f} u`wbqib}} {` `qkbq

qbmdii} `q idabifhg }{dhkdqk} `h cd{bqfdi} dhk kb~fmb} }ìk n`q uìfmb r}b( Fh ndm{) ubuubq }uqdv duubdq} {` ld~b ndiibh

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dh dhfcdi m`h{qì }ra}{dhmb( Fh {ld{ m`h{b|{) {lb BUD ld} kb~biùbk d idqgb afaif`gqdulv `n }mfbh{fnfm kd{d `h

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}uqdv uq`krm{} r}bk uqfcdqfiv d} k`g qbubiibh{}(

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fh 4661(4;

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12/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


[lf} qdufk fhmqbd}b fh uùridqf{v dhk wfkb}uqbdk r}b `n @M ld} m`h{fhrbk kb}uf{b m`hmbqh} wf{lfh Mdi#BUD

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uq`~f}f`hdi mbq{fnfmd{f`h `n @M bf{lbq ld} h`{ abbh `q mdhh`{ ab m`cuib{bk `h }mlbkrib `q ld} hb~bq abbh }{dq{bk(

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Rhf{ kfk qb}bdqml `h @M fh 46


13/59


14/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 4;

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Dkkf{f`hdi fhn`qcd{f`h `h nd{dif{fb} mdh ab n`rhk fh B#cdfi cb}}dgb} bh{bqbk fh {lb }{d{b m`cur{bq }v}{bc

mdiibk UQ@N]( [lb}b cb}}dgb} b}{daif}l {ld{) }fhmb d{ ibd}{ 466=) }{d{b }mfbh{f}{} ld~b abbh m`hmbqhbk da`r{ {lb

gq`wfhg hrcabq `n nd{dif{fb} dhk ld~b b|uqb}}bk m`hmbqh} cdqjbkiv kfnnbqbh{ nq`c {lb uraifm u`}f{f`h} {djbh `h {lb

f}}rb av {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb( N`q b|dcuib?17

45426= 47?54 ///

]raobm{? @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc {bdq gd} uq`krm{}

[lr} {lbqb dqb d{ ibd}{ 4= kbd{l} wf{l }`cb d}}`mfd{f`h wf{l @M}(

[lf} f} dh didqcfhg hrcabq `n kbd{l}) dii fh da`r{ 4 vbdq( Wb wfii ab i``jfhg nrq{lbq fh{` {lf} d} }``h d} wbqbmbf~b {lb dkkf{f`hdi fhn`qcd{f`h( Uibd}b h`{fnv dhv`hb bi}b {ld{ v`r {lfhj }l`rik ab cdkb dwdqb `n {lf}kf}{rqafhg hbw}) `q ib{ r} jh`w fn v`r {lfhj wb }l`rik ab k`fhg }`cb{lfhg c`qb(

45466= 47?5< ///

]raobm{? @M Fh#mr}{`kv kbd{l}


28/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 1 fhmfkbh{}( [lf} {`{di

qbuqb}bh{} `hb nd{dif{v n`q b~bqv >51 qbu`q{bk r}b} `n ubuubq }uqdv av Mdifn`qhfd idw bhn`qmbcbh{ ubq}`hhbi }fhmb

@M wd} dr{l`qfzbk n`q uìfmb r}b fh @m{() 4661( H` nd{dif{fb} wbqb qbu`q{bk uqf`q {` Odh( 7) 466=([lb}b md}b} dqb }rccdqfzbk fh {lb mldq{ `h {lb nìi`wfhg udgb) ]{d{f}{fmdi Uq`nfib `n Kbd{l} Dn{bq Ubuubq ]uqdv(

@n {lb 1> md}b} b|dcfhbk) {w` fh~ì~b fhmfkbh{} {ld{ `mmrqqbk dn{bq Duqfi 4) 4662) dhk n`q wlfml m`q`hbq} nfib}

dhk qbib~dh{ }ruu`q{fhg k`mrcbh{}fhmirkfhg {`|fmì`gv qbu`q{}ld~b h`{ vb{ abbh cdkb uraifm( N`q {lb

qbcdfhfhg 1; md}b}) {lb DMIR `n ]`r{lbqh Mdifn`qhfd à{dfhbk m`cuib{b m`q`hbqcbkfmdi b|dcfhbq} nfib}) wlfml fh

dii md}b} fhmirkbk {`|fmì`gv qbu`q{}( [lb}b kd{d wbqb }ruuibcbh{bk) fh {rqh) av m`cudqf}`h wf{l d mldq{ kb{dfifhg

42 `n {lb md}b} kb~biùbk av {lb @BLLD( [lb @BLLD m`cudqf}`h fhmirkbk dkkf{f`hdi cbkfmdi lf}{`qv dhk

uìfmb qbu`q{ kb{dfi} `h {lb}b 42 fhmfkbh{}c`}{iv nq`c }`rqmb} rhd~dfidaib {` {lb DMIR(16

Fhn`qcd{f`h gibdhbk nq`c {lb m`q`hbq nfib} wd} }ruuibcbh{bk) `h d md}b#av#md}b ad}f}) av `{lbq k`mrcbh{})

fhmirkfhg uìfmb qbu`q{}) hbw} dmm`rh{}) m`qqb}u`hkbhmb dhk) fh `hb md}b) d uqb}} qbibd}b( Ab{wbbh Odhrdqv 4 dhkDuqfi 4) 4662) DMIR qb}bdqml fh{bqh} m`hkrm{bk {bibul`hb fh{bq~fbw} wf{l fh~b}{fgd{fhg `nnfmbq} dhk kb{bm{f~b} fh

}`cb `n {lb md}b} dhk wf{l ndcfiv cbcabq} dhk wf{hb}}b} {` {lb fhmfkbh{} fh `{lbq md}b}(

Fhkf~fkrdi mldqdm{bqf}{fm} `n {lb}b 1> fhmfkbh{} dqb uqb}bh{bk fh {lb nìk#`r{ cd}{bq {daib) Kbd{l} Dn{bq Ubuubq

]uqdv) dn{bq udgb 17( Hdqqd{f~b }rccdqfb} `n dii md}b} duubdq fh Duubhkf| D(

[lb nd{dif{v {`{di uqb}bh{bk lbqb kfnnbq} nq`c {lb hrcabq `n fh#mr}{`kv kbd{l} wlbqb @M wd} r}bk d} mdimrid{bk

av {lb Arqbdr `n Mqfcfhdi Fkbh{fnfmd{f`h dhk Fhn`qcd{f`h `n {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb( D} `n Cdv =4)

4662) {lb K@O nd{dif{v if}{fhg fhmirkbk 14 md}b}) =5 fhmirkfhg `hb n`q wlfml {lb DMIR wd} rhdaib {` nfhk

k`mrcbh{d{f`h(

[lb DMIR {daib if}{} }f| md}b} {ld{ k` h`{ duubdq `h {lb K@O q`}{bq( @n {lb}b }f|) {lqbb fh~ì~b `mmrqqbhmb} }`

qbmbh{ {lb K@O duudqbh{iv ld} h`{ vb{ qbmbf~bk qbm`qk} `h {lbc( [lqbb `{lbq} fh~ì~bk md}b} wlbqb {lb mdr}b `nkbd{l wd} d{{qfar{bk {` grh}l`{ w`rhk} `q }{da w`rhk}: {lb K@O kf}m`rh{bk ubuubq }uqdv d} d m`h{qfar{fhg ndm{`q

fh {lb kbd{l(=4 [lb DMIR fhmirkb} {lb}b {lqbb md}b}? fh d{ ibd}{ {w` `n {lbc {lb kbmbkbh{} b|lfaf{bk abld~f`q uqf`q

{` {lbfq nd{di }l``{fhg} {ld{ cdv ld~b abbh cd{bqfdiiv fhnirbhmbk av @M( Fh `hb md}b {lb mdr}b `n kbd{l `nnfmfdiiv f}

d{{qfar{bk {` }{da w`rhk} ar{ fh~ì~b} lfgliv rhr}rdi mfqmrc}{dhmb}(

H@[B]4 Ubuubq ]uqdv? D Cdgfm Ariib{ Rhkbq ]mqr{fhv) d qbu`q{ `n {lb Dcbqfmdh Mf~fi Ifabq{fb} Rhf`h `n ]`r{lbqh Mdifn`qhfd) I`} Dhgbib}) Mdifn() ]bu{bcabq)

466=) udgb 17(1

Ubuubq ]uqdv? D Cdgfm Ariib{ Rhkbq ]mqr{fhv) qb~f}bk ~bq}f`h fhmirkfhg Cdqml) 466;) nd{dif{v mldq{ dhk m`qqb}u`hkbhmb {` D{{v( Gbh( Kdh Irhgqbh dhk{lb I`} Dhgbib} A`dqk `n Uìfmb M`ccf}}f`hbq}(

= Ubuubq ]uqdv dhk Fh#Mr}{`kv Kbd{l}) av O`lh Gqdhnfbik) Odcf @hhbh dhk Mldqib} ]( Ub{{v) C(K() Dib|dhkqfd) ^d() Fh{bqhd{f`hdi D}}h( `n Mlfbn} `n Uìfmb)Cdqml) 466;) udgb} 2 dhk >(

; Hd{f`hdi Fh}{f{r{b `n Or}{fmb [bmlhì`gv D}}b}}cbh{ Uq`gqdc) @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc? Ubuubq ]uqdv d} d N`qmb Di{bqhd{f~b) Wd}lfhg{`h) K(M() R(](Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb) @nnfmb `n Or}{fmb Uq`gqdc}) Cdqml) 466;(

2fafk) udgb 2(>fafk) udgb 2( Biifu}f} fh `qfgfhdi(7 Kbd{l} fh Uìfmb Mr}{`kv fh [bcu`qdi D}}`mfd{f`h wf{l L`{ Ubuubq [bdq Gd} B|u`}rqb) rhuraif}lbk m`hnbqbhmb udubq uqbudqbk av Qàbq{ D( L`wk wf{l

Cfmldbi O( KfAdq{ì`cbf}) Dhhd C( Ndh dhk Mldqib} C( ]lri`mj) @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk D}}b}}cbh{) MdiBUD) Abqjbibv) 466=(


31/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

DMIR n ] r{lbqh Mdif n qhfd Orhb 4662 =4

6fafk(45 Lbdi{l Qf}j B~dird{f`h `n [bdq Gd} Uq`krm{} M`h{dfhfhg @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc) C(O( KfAdq{ì`cbf}) b{ di) @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk

D}}b}}c bh{) uqb}bh{bk d{ {lb =1hk dhhrd i cbb {fhg `n {lb ]`mfb{ v `n [`|fmì`gv) Cdqml 4;#46) 466=) udgb} > dhk 7(44 Ib{{bq {` L`h`qdaib Kdh Irhgqbh nq`c Kq( Mdqì O( Lbhqv) Drg( 1>) 466=( [lf} k`mrcbh{) uq`~fkbk av @BLLD rhkbq {lb Mdifn`qhfd Uraifm Qbm`qk}

Dm{) fhmi rkb} d ldhk#wqf{{ bh h`{d{f `h d{ {lb {ù? K` h`{ mf{b) tr`{b `q kf}{q far{b ) dhk duubdq} fh{bh kbk d} d uqf~ d{b m`ccrhfmd{f`h wf{l Irhgq bh([lb H`q{l Mdqìfhd nd{dif{v {` wlfml {lb ib{{bq qbnbq} wd} {ld{ `n Dhgbi` Kdqmbi Qàfh}`h) 1;) wl` kfbk `h Oriv 44) 466=) fh M`hm`qk Mf{v) H(M( Lf}

wd} {lb nfq}{ md}b fh wlfml mdr}b `n kbd{l wd} d{{qfar{bk kfqbm {iv {` ubuu bq }uqdv( ]fhmb {lbh) d }bm`hk md}b) fh Wb}{m lb}{bq M`rh{v ) H(V() ld} abbh

d{{qfar{bk fh udq{ {` @M }uqdv(41 [lf} nd{dif{v fh~ì~bk Dhgbi` Kdqmbi Qàfh}`h) 1;) dh Dnqfmdh#Dcbqfmdh cdh wl` wd} nd{diiv ubuubq }uqdvbk `h Oriv 44) 466=) fh {lb nfq}{dhk {lr} ndq)

`hivmd}b fh wlfml @M ld} abbh mf{bk }ubmfnfmdiiv d} d uqfhmfudi mdr}b `n kbd{l( D{ dr{ù}v) Qàfh}`h wd} n`rhk {` ld~b dh bhidqgbk lbdq{d m`hkf{f`hm`cc`h {` ubùib wl` ld~b kfbk dn{bq abfhg ubuubq }uqdvbk fh Mdifn`qhfd( Qàfh}`h} a`kv di}` }l`wbk b~fkbhmb {ld{ lb }rnnbqbk nq`c dmr{b aq`hmlf{f}(Lf} ai``k}{qbdc m`h{dfhbk ib~bi} `n dim`lì m`h}f}{bh{ wf{l fh{`|fmd{f`h) ar{ h` fiifmf{ kqrg} wbqb n`rhk fh lf} }v}{bc dhk {lb dim`lì wd} h`{ fcuifmd{bkd} d m`h{qfar{`qv mdr}b `n lf} kbd{l(

4= Cbc`qdhkrc {` Cfmldbi Jdl`b) D}}f}{dh{ ]bmqb{dqv) Mdi#BUD) nq`c Odcb} W( ]{qd{{`h) Mlfbn Kbur{v Kfqbm{`q) @BLLD) ]bu{( 4;) 466=( UQD k`mrcbh{(

[lb cbc`qdhkrc duubdq} {` m`h{dfh dh bqq`hb`r} Ubhdi M`kb mf{d{f`h }fhmb {lbqb f} h` ]bm{f`h 41266( @M qbgrid{`qv dr{l`qf{v f} }ubiibk `r{ fh ]bm{f`h41;25 b{ }bt() udq{fmridqiv bm{f`h} 41;24 dhk 41;22(

4; Mdu}dfmfh [`|fmì`gv Qb~fbw) Ldqqv ]dibc) B(O( @ido`}) I(C( Cfiibq dhk ](D( [l`c}`h) R(]( Dqcv BQKBM) Ifnb ]mfbhmb} Kbudq{cbh{( [lb udubq f}rhkd{bk ar{ wd} duudqbh{iv m`cuib{bk fh {lb id{b ndii `n 466=(

42fafk) udgb 4) bculd}f} dkkbk(4>fafk) udgb 45(47 Ib{{bq kd{bk Kbm( 4>) 466= {` Ldqqv ]dibc) Ul(K() R(]( Dqcv) Dabqkbbh Uq`~fhg Gq`rhk) nq`c Qàbq{ L`wk) Ul(K() Ub}{fmfkb dhk Bh~fq`hcbh{di

[`|fmì`gv ]bm{f`h) @BLLD( UQD k`mrcbh{(4< Mdifn`qhfd Bh~fq`hcbh{di Uq`{bm{f`h Dgbhmv) @BLLD [bibm`hnbqbhmb `h L`{ Ubuubq ]uqdv? Orhb 1=) 466;) rhuraif}lbk kqdn{ h`{b} kd{bk Oriv 12) 466;([lf} k`mrcbh{ wd} à{dfhbk nq`c @BLLD av {lb DMIR rhkbq {lb Mdifn`qhfd Uraifm Qbm`qk} Dm{(

46 @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk D}}b}}cbh{) Ub}{fmfkb dhk Bh~fq`hcbh{di [`|fmì`gv ]bm{f`h) Mdifn`qhfd Bh~fq`hcbh{di Uq`{bm{f`h Dgbhmv) L`{Ubuubq [bdq Gd} ]uqdv}) rhkd{bk wlf{b udubq mfqmrid{bk Orhb 7) 466;( Udgb 1(

15fafk) udgb =(14fafk) udgb 4(11fafk) udgb 1(1=fafk(1; Cbc`qdhkrc {` Mldqib} C( ]lri`mj) Mlfbn Kbur{v Kfqbm{`q) @BLLD) nq`c Cfmldbi O( KfAdq{ì`cbf}) Mlfbn) Ub}{fmfkb dhk N``k [`|fmì`gv Rhf{) Oriv

1>) 466;) ]raobm{? Dm{f`h F{bc} dhk Qb}`rqmb Hbbk} n`q @M Lbdi{l B~dird{f`h}) udgb 1( Bculd}f} fh `qfgfhdi(12 Dr{ù}v qbu`q{) Mldqib} Bqhb}{ Cdhh) Hb~dkd M`rh{v ]lbqfnn#M`qhbq) Drg( 1>) 466;) udgb 41(1> Ib{{bq {` Qàbq{ A`wbq}) ]dmqdcbh{` M`rh{v ]rubq~f}fhg Kbur{v M`q`hbq nq`c Mldqib} C( ]lri`mj( UQD k`mrcbh{( [lf} mùv) {djbh nq`c {lb @BLLD

nfib}) k`b} h`{ }l`w d kd{b }{dcu) ar{ f{ duudqbh{iv wd} }bh{ }l`q{iv dn{bq A`wbq} ~f}f{bk @BLLD} `nnfmb} `h Oriv 1>) 466;( D mùv `n {lf}

m`ccrhfmd{f`h wd} }bh{ {` {lb Nfqbdqc} Uq`gqdc `n {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb(17 UQ@N] B#cdfi cb}}dgb} à{dfhbk rhkbq {lb Mdifn`qhfd Uraifm Qbm`qk} Dm{ nq`c {lb Mdifn`qhfd Bh~fq`hcbh{di Uq`{bm{f`h Dgbhmv) Abqjbibv( UQ@N] ifhj}

{lb @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk D}}b}}cbh{ ,@BLLD& dhk `{lbq `nnfmb} `n Mdi#BUD wf{l `{lbq }{d{b }mfbh{fnfmdiiv#n`mr}bk qbgrid{`qvdgbhmfb}) c`}{ h`{daiv {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Lbdi{l ]bq~fmb}( UQ@N] f} h`{ m`hhbm{bk {` {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb( Cb}}dgb} mf{bk

lbqb wbqb qbm`~bqbk fh uqfh{`r{ n`qc nq`c k`mrcbh{ nfib} cdfh{dfhbk av @BLLD( [lb cb}}dgb} dqb qbuq`krmbk lbqb fh b|mbqu{ n`qc) n`q {lb c`}{ udq{)di{l`rgl }`cb `n wld{ duubdq} fh {lf} qbu`q{ dqb nrii {b|{} `n }l`q{bq cb}}dgb}(

1< [lf} f} d qbnbqbhmb {` {lb Odh( 4 nd{dif{fb} b|dcfhbk fh {lf} qbu`q{ dhk f}}rccdqfzbk fh Duubhkf| D( [lb mdr}b `n kbd{l n`q Wdiidmb) d} d}{lcd{fm) wd} n`rhk {` ab u`}f{f`hdi d}ulv|fd dhk cb{ldculb{dcfhb fh{`|fmd{f`h(

16 [lf} mldq{) FH#MR][@KV KBD[L] D]]@MFD[BK WF[L UBUUBQ ]UQDV DUUIFMD[F@H) f} dh d{{dmlcbh{ {` dh fh{bqhdi @BLLD udubq) Kbd{l}

fh Uìfmb Mr}{`kv fh [bcu`qdi D}}`mfd{f`h wf{l L`{ Ubuubq [bdq Gd} B|u`}rqb( UQD k`mrcbh{( Kbmbkbh{} fhmirkbk fh {lf} qb~fbw wbqb K`cfhgrb)U`ìb) Mìbcdh) C`qqf}`h) L`kg}`h) Nqf|) ]dhn`qk) Gdqmfd) Adiidqk) Wb}{) ]fi~d) Lbqqbqd) Cdq{fhbz) Ibfod dhk Odrqbtrf( Nrii qbnbqbhmb} dqb `h {lb cd}{bqnd{dif{v mldq{ fhmirkbk wf{l {lf} qbu`q{(

=5 Fh#Mr}{`kv Kbd{l} Wlbqb @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc Wd} R}bk ,Mdifn`qhfd& Cdv =4) 4662) rhuraif}lbk {daib uqbudqbk av {lb Arqbdr `n MqfcfhdiFkbh{fnfmd{f`h dhk Fhn`qcd{f`h) Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb(

=4

[bibul`hb fh{bq~fbw av Diidh Udqdmlfhf wf{l Cfjb Aq`kbqfmj) Orhb


32/59

Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


]BM[F@H =?M`hmir}f`h} dhk

Qbm`ccbhkd{f`h}

Mdifn`qhfd idw bhn`qmbcbh{ dgbhmfb}ld~b r}bk @ib`qb}fh Mdu}fmrc }uqdv} n`qhbdqiv {lqbb vbdq}( Mdifn`qhfd uìfmb) }lbqfnn} dhk m`qqbm{f`h kbudq{cbh{} r}bk ubuubq }uqdv hbdqiv 6)555 {fcb} fh

{lb 41 c`h{l} {ld{ bhkbk Cdv =4) 4662) d qd{b `n c`qb {ldh 1; }uqdvfhg fhmfkbh{} bdml kdv }{d{bwfkb( Fh }ifgl{iv

nbwbq {ldh `hb `n b~bqv >55 fhmfkbh{}) {lb }r}ubm{ kfbk dn{bq abfhg ubuubq }uqdvbk( Hbdqiv 255 Mdifn`qhfd uìfmb

dhk m`rh{v }lbqfnn} kbudq{cbh{} mrqqbh{iv r}b ubuubq }uqdv(

[lf} wfkb}uqbdk r}b ld} abbh qbubd{bkiv ndmfif{d{bk av {lb Mdifn`qhfd Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{fmb ,K@O&) kb}uf{b

rhbtrf~`mdi wdqhfhg} f}}rbk `~bq d{ ibd}{ {w` vbdq} av Mdi#BUD} @nnfmb `n Bh~fq`hcbh{di Lbdi{l Ldzdqk

D}}b}}cbh{ {ld{ if{{ib f} jh`wh da`r{ ubuubq }uqdv} mlbcfmdi dm{f`h} dhk kdhgbq} wlbh r}bk `h lrcdh}(Wlbh ubuubq }uqdv wd} dr{l`qfzbk av {lb Kbudq{cbh{ `n Or}{ fmb n`q uìfmb r}b fh @m{àbq) 4661)

cdhrndm{rqbq} wbqb gf~bh {lqbb vbdq}) w`qjfhg rhkbq {lb }rubq~f}f`h `n Mdi#BUD) {` m`cuib{b ad}fm {`|fmì`gv

qb}bdqml {` ~bqfnv ubuubq }uqdv} }dnb{v wlbh r}bk `h ubùib( [lf} mqf{fmdi qb}bdqml) wlfml wd} cdhkd{bk {` ab

m`cuib{bk av Drgr}{ 4) 4662) ld} h`{ b~bh abgrh(

Fh{bqhdi b~dird{f`h} m`h{dfhbk fh Mdi#BUD k`mrcbh{} à{dfhbk rhkbq {lb Mdifn`qhfd Uraifm Qbm`qk} Dm{ }l`w

{ld{ }{d{b }mfbh{f}{} k` h`{ abifb~b {lb qbtrfqbk ubuubq }uqdv qb}bdqml mdh ab m`cuib{bk abn`qb Oriv) 4667{w` vbdq}

ablfhk }mlbkrib( Kbnbh}b [bmlhì`gv M`qu`qd{f`h `n Dcbqfmd) {lb idqgb}{ kf}{qfar{`q `n uìfmb ubuubq }uqdv fh

Mdifn`qhfd) mfqmrid{bk d qb}bdqml uqù`}di {ld{ uqòbm{} d cfhfcrc 4< c`h{l kbidv fh m`cuib{f`h `n {lb cdhkd{`qv

ubuubq }uqdv {`|fmì`gv }{rkfb}(

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33/59


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Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

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35/59


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37/59

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fh u}vmlfd{qfm mqf}f}(

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38/59

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Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b

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41/59

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Ubuubq ]uqdv Rukd{b


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