'PEOPLE'S LEA RS - sahistory.org.za · f:1A 320,05~~EW (See page 3) A JOHANNESBURG. N important political statement, issued by three Congress Organisations here last week, demands

320,05~~EWf:1A

(See page 3)

JOHANNESBURG.A N important political statement, issued by three Congress Organisations here last week,

demands that the ban on the African National Congressbe lifted immediately. A peace­ful solution to 0 problems is impossible until this is done, they declare.

The statement, issued by the South African Indian Congress, the S.A. Congress of TradeUnions and the S.A. Congress of Democrats, was signed by their respective Presidents: Dr.G. M. Naicker,Mr. Leon Levy and Mr. P. A. B. Beyleveld.

The three Congresses also demand:

• Repeal the Unlawful Organisations Act and the Suppression of Communism Act;

• End the Pass Laws;

• Repeal the Bantu Authorities Act;

• Repeal the Group Areas Act;

Legislation for a £1 per Day Minimum Wage.

The following is the full text of the statement:-

THE endingof the State of Emergency should be accompaniedby further steps to ease the tension in South Africa. The

people have been kept in a state of uncertainty and great stressthroughoutthe recent period and the opportunity now existsforthe Government to take such measures which will meet thedemands of the people, thus ensuring that a similar situationwill not occur again.

Failure to do so is suicidal, and will mean that the countrywillgo from crisis to crisis with increasingly damaging effect onrace relations and the genera! well-being of South Africa.

We urge that the Government immediately repeal the Unlaw­ful Organisations Act, 1960 and its predecessor, the Suppressionof Communism Act, 1950. It was a seriouspolitical blunder toban the African National Congress, the only nationally acceptedspokesman of the African people, whose policy is a democraticSouth Africa for all.

The interestsof the people of SouthAfrica demanda peacefulsolution to our problems.This is onlypossibleif the organisatiooof the African people-the African National Congress-isallowed to speak and function on their behalf.

It is our view that there will be no lasting solution t9 theproblems of our co try until aU its peopleenjoyfuUand equalfranchise rights. We believe that it is imperativethat the ANCshould be able to campaignfor such a solutionwithout hindranceor control by the Government.

_(~t; ~ ..

BISHOP'SDEPORTATION

FUTILE- Rokwe

A h!NO PE CE WITHOUT'PEOPLE'S LEA RS

JOHANNESBURG.

'f'R~~~O~ecr~~~~~~e:;r~l, f~~~Nokwe commenting on the depor­tation of Bishoo Am brose Reeves,told New Age: "The deportation ofthe Bishop was an arbitrarv andfutile form of persecution servingmerely to demonstrate the fears ofthe Nationalists of any criticism oropposition. Bishop Reeves will 'beremembered by all for his unflinch­ing opposition to racialism a,n~apartheid, and more recently hispart in exposing police brutality atSharpeville."

Mr. Nokwe said that he had nodoubt that the Bishop's deportationwould not sever him from the strug­gle of our country, and that hewould continue to play his part inbrinainc about the Nationalists'downfall.

"We hope that the next Bishop ofJohann esburg will continue the finetradition left bv Bishop AmbroseReeves."

aC iefAnother Bantu Authorities Victim

LI

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1960

Z. S. XAMALASHE CAPE TOWN.Langa, Cape. Cecil Williams is to produce the

P.S I was one of those detained powerful play "The Strong Areat Worcester. During the interro- ~~:~~. at the Labia Theatre in

~~~~ alr~h:~~t~:s ?~adc~ft~~~ The all-male cast of 18 will beto New Age from as far back as headed by the prod ucer himself,1955. I therefore hope this one will with Michael Drin, Don Howie andbe safely filed by these kind Dennis Clack taki~ other leadillggentlemen as usual. roles.

DID YOU GET A KICKOUT OF NEW AGE?

~:;fO~~~~Pl~e~ tcliU~ ~h~r :~~;er°ga;b~e~o~~soedhow happy they are to have by so many. And it was thrill­New Age back again. But al- ing to receive the money weready there have been many need so desperately withoutletters from people expressing having to nag for it at all!their delight, even before they We hope that everyonehad seen the first issue that everywhere will show theirappeared after the emergency. appreciation of New Age's re-

And ~e have had some re- ~~e~hi: ~l:~n:~ ~~~r~~~

~~~~fedn a~~~ls~s ::~.~ a~~~ :~:...~;es~~ili~;e~~~~IYd~~~~week. have not been 10 vain, tion today!!

~:I1~uf~r~~ n~~~wth~i:o~r~ lan1no~~mo~s /91 , gF. /Eng-in order to bring the paper o~t. (jumble) 'lOs.,oCheque "£1,a~~And they have let us have It, red River £25, Anonymous £7,;~t~~~e~,o t nearly as much Hurra h for emergency's end

" £8.12.10. Rubar £10, Anony-I! is thrilling for those of us Ir.O US £100, Anonymous lOs.,

who work on New Age and R & R £2.~ who have been detained for TOTAL: £253 12s. lOd. =ffilllll lllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllil1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIm

EDITORIAL

SAY lINO" TOVE WOERD'S REPUBLIC

People's Music in ChinaNo less than four hundred and

twenty five symphonies, cantatas,oratorios, songs. suites, operas anddance dramas have been created inChina in the eleven years sinceliberation. The majority draw theirthemes from revolutionary historyand contemporary life.

Some of them have won favour­able comment and high appraisalboth at home and abroad. The"Cantata of the river of happiness"which won a first prize at the 11thWorld Youth Festival in Viennawas composed by four students ofthe Shanghai conservatory of musicafter working with the peasants invillages and construction sites andcollecting folk songs and tunes. Itstheme is the determination of thelocal people to conquer flood anddrought, and their confidence inthe future.

THE Minister of Bantu Administ ra tion, Mr. de Wet Ne l, toldan audience las t week that a goo d reason for having the

re public was th at the Ban tu would then know who wa s baa s­the Queen or the P rime Minister. To make thi s clear would beto the benefi t of th e cou ntry and in pa rt icula r of the Bantu.

As far as'we are conce rned , Mr. Nel has given us a very goodreason for not hav ing the republic. Not that we pref er the Q uee nto the Prime Minister as baas, but we don't want any base at all.

We are republicans. We don 't believe in ki ngs and que ensa nd their divine right to r ule over us, especiall y when they live

Oil for the Lamps of 6,000 miles awa y from us and know not hing abo ut our problems.But we believe in a peop le's de mocra tic republic, not in

China Verwoerd's fascist republic, where the Prime M inister will bebaas and the majority of the peo ple will have no righ ts at all.

China's oil industry has changed The very fact th at Verwoerd wa nts a republic is goo d enou gh

~~~:~:t~:~:yb:~~~e i~h~95~~g s~t~ reason for us to o ppose a republic, for history has sho wn thatthe Peking Review. There were whatever Ve rwoerd wants is in the in terests only of a tiny sectiononly four oilfields and two natural of the Whites, a nd can be ac hieved only at the expense of th e

fi~~r~~!~~. o~~n~u~g~~~ v::~e 3~ef~ll~ ~~~~ts of the majority of the po pula tion, Bla ck as well as

~i11d:n~n~a~8fi:fJs fidl~~v~~Jh~n~ A Verwoerd republic willliberation 32, or 72 per cent were • entrench White Supremacy;

~~ur;5~na~h: :~~9.1~~fk:~~ ~~~ • perpetuate the rule of the N ation alist Party;and extractable reserves of the • end up as a Christian Nationa l au thoritarian police sta te.existing fields have also been ex- Moreover , a victory for Ve rwoe rd in the coming referendumtended considerably. will consolidate hi s shaky regime at a time when his pres tige has

This, said Peking Review, dis- never been lower as a result of the disasters of Sharpeville andpelled the myth that China was oil- Langa and the whole period of the emergenc y. On the otherpoor-a theory cooked up bv scien- hand, a defeat fo r Verwoer d wou ld shatt er the my th of histists in the employ of the imperial- infallibility and might very well be the beginning of the end of

~~pI~g ~~s~~ro~~m ~~~d°J'c~~is~i~ his h ated ru le . .the Chinese market. We therefore issue a call to all de mocratic-minded E urope ans:!III 1111IIII1111111II111III11111 111111111II111111IIIII111111IIIIIIIE to cast their vote against the republic in the coming referend um.~ TAKE OUT A SUB- § T here can b~ no questi~n o~ boycott o r !ndifference in this mat ter .§ SCRIPTION FOR NEW § A chance exists for delivering a shatten ng blow to th e Verwoerd§ AGE TODAY § Go vernment; that chance must not be thrown aw ay through== -----¢-- == neglect.~ RATES ~ At the sa me time, it is as well to point out that the curse of~ Union of South Africa and ~ apa rtheid will rem a in with us irrespective of the outcome of the§ Protect~rates : § refere~dum on O~tober 5..Th~refor~ the struggle for a genu ine~ i.~j-1~~ 1~ :~~~~~: § people s democratic r~publ!c, In WhlC~ all peoples, of .all ~aces ,§ 6/- for 3 months. § creeds and colo urs, Will enjoy equal nghts and apartheid will be~ Overseas: ~ made a crime, m ust be intensified. Freedom will not Come as a§ 25/· for 12 months. ~ result of a. referendum or election restricted to European voters§ PO~~/~of~ew6~~~~sBarrack § only . It. will only come as .t~e resu lt of m.ass stru ggle in which§ Street, Cape Town. ~ all sections of o ur peopl e Jam han ds to rid the co untry of the;i!11111 1111 11 11 111 11 11 1111 11111111111 II111111 11111II11111III11111 rn curse of the col ou r bar and White supremacy.

MISSI G NOF THEE ER ENey

Have All Been Released?WIt~ f~U~~ryAf:;c:..ee;:~~:; ~~I~~~nF~~: I~W~~! hundreds r~et~~o~:n~r ours, what happened

of Africans arrested for so-called Some men were traced by wives The majority of the bewilderedpass offences and held under the going desperately from jail to jail. men brought before the closedState of ~ergencY' without trial in ~r~erti~lIi~ofi~eh~r:th~,w!bl~ t~~ courts that sat in the jails did not

°t;i1r:e ; ver even k~ow the nnm- tell their stories. ' Are there not ~h~rr :,:~~p=::; :~:~~~;jc~~::::' ~~I: ~~l~~~,o~~ ~1I1111111111111111111111111 111 11 J1111111111111111111111 11 11 1111~ under the pass laws.

~~u:~~ers of 14, IS and 16.yean !Ate With Branches ~ A maS:s~:Tp~e~i:~ver the

m~sh~d ~mth;M~dd:ra~edp;~o~~ ~ Detainees held in the Mod- ~ ~~cli~~ ~~fos~ inPfu~c~~n~b~~ ~~~j~i1-~~r~ cO~fe~~~~ ci~vert:t~aJ~ ~ ~::t :he;r1;;~e ~~~~e:~ri:: ~ ~~~~n:~id~a~e. ta~~ ~~~~teCdus~~~streams. == food on tin pla tes but were == was allowed no lawyer and was the

: ~~~~~ ~ O~imG- ! t'~~ U:r sr::: ~:te~i:~:~i ~ i~~j~~~~o~ hili~~' ~~~~h :ir:: r:~:STERS SHACKLED TOGETHER :: branches from trees to scoop § pletely by surprise. There was aAND SENT BY TRAIN TO UN- ~ the foOd into tIIelr mouths. ~ B~ard of Appeal. How many of the

~~~~S fc~~ T I N A T~ ON S 5111II111U1 111111111II111111IIII 1II111l11l1l11l1ll1l1l1l1ll1ll~ f~~~~nc~:~ ~~err? they could take

These thousands were the Miss- others? No one knows but the pri- Some of the men were sentenceding Men of the Emergency. They son and police authorities. They are for periods up to 12 months deten­were missing then because they dis- not offering any information. Parlia- tion, or for the duration of theappeared into South Africa's jails rnent is not in session and Minis- Emergency.overnight and their names were not ters' departments cannot be ARE THEY NOW ALL OUTpublished, or even released to their pressed for the facts. It is anybody's OF PRISON7

New LiteraryMagazine Planned

CAPE TOWN.The forthcoming publication of a

new magazine called "Contrast,""combining first-class stories, poetry,special articles on literature, the artsand general topics in this countryand overseas," was announced at apress conference in Cape Town lastweek.

The magazine will be owned bya non-profit guarantee companywhose directors are Mr. AnthonyClarice, Me. Gerald Gordon Q.c.,Professor Donald Inskip and Mr.Connell O'C Maggs. The editor willbe Mr. Jack Cope.

A statement issued at the pressconference says: "Contrast's edito­rial board has been set up especiallyto ensure impartiality, not to favourany one trend or to exclude anyangle of opinion except opinions onordinary party politics, religion orscience which have adequate expres­sion elsewhere . . . The Contrastpolicy is to have no policy."

The first number of the magazineis expected to appear in December.

Schoolboys WelcomeReturn of 'New Age'

It is indeed a pleasure to see the It makes us stronger! Evenreturn of New Age which we can though we are "white" we do notsee is stronger after oppression. agree with the "groot wit baas"Last Tuesday, after hearing about theory by which our brothers ofyour return to publication, we all races are at present being tor-went to your office, and bought mented.two copies there. We believe in a democracy

The next day we read these in where people will rise on meritthe ("Slegs Blankes") coach of a not on skin-colour.suburban train! Well, needless to Bravo! New Age is certainlysay there was quite a result. A among the foremost remedies forman said to his fr iend in Afri- South Africa's skin troubles andhans, "Hay, man, look what should be prescribed by all doc-those boys are reading!" His tors. Give us more "Up Myfriend replied. "Aa, tog, it's that Alley." It's good!'kaffi( paper we heard about , It's Yours democratically,

~~!~zl(Xllththi:t~asth::~ ki~3 s~~t 'T WO DEMOCRATS."whispers.)

As they left the train the onebumped us on the knees with hisbrief-case! (Accident? Not likelyl)

Yet, this form of persecutionhad no effect. It happens when weread New Age and other papersof that nature in public places.

I want to express my sincerethanks for the return of the demo­cratic organ of the oppressedpeople of South Africa. namelyNew Age. I say " Long live NewAge. Forward to freedom in ourlifetime."

We know you have served yourfive months sentence iust as wehave also done. We are also backhome and we feel more deter­mined than ever to fight for free­dom in suite of all the intimida­tion the Government have resortedto.

I hear some people talkingabout unitv between the Afrikaansand English-speaking people ofSouth Africa. Do these peopleever think in terms of SouthAfrica being a multi-racial coun­try? If we want to quell the racialproblem in this country then thedivision of races must be made anoffence punishable by a five-yearsentence or £500 or both.

We want peace in South Africa,not Saracens.

LONGLIVE NEW AGE!

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1960

DEPORTED!

Bishop Ambrose Reeves was deported from South Africa on M()ndaymorning less than 48 hours after he arrived from London. TheBishop was detained by Security Bran ch detectives on Mondaymorning a nd put onto a plane. Our picture shows the Bishop waving

to friends when he arrived in Johannesburg last Saturday ,

ing to place our people in the posi­tion of a charit able organisationinstead of an oppressed communtywhose place was and is in activealliance with other> stru ggling forthe common cause of democracyand equal oppor tuni ties for allpeople.

"The se so-called ' leaders' must berejected at once and completely, bythe Coloured peopl e.

NEED FOR UNITY"T hose scattered forces which

found common cause in suppo rt ofthe African peop le then, must sinkthei r differences now in order tobuild up a power ful f ront againstall forms of racial oppres sion andto forge an active a lliance of theColoured people with the Africansfor the liberation of the non-whitesof South Africa .

"The SACPC believes that at thisstage in the history of the continentof Africa every effort must be madeto create the great est unity amongour people, to break down the so­cial and political barriers whichhave divided us in tbe past, so tha tour people can make their worthycont ribution, not only towards theirown emancipat ion, but abo towar dstha t of the whole continent of whichthey are a part."

ShouldAfr; ans

JOHAN NESBURG.

Municipal Workers WantCompound Head Sacked

REJECTED

ColouredsStand by

• also if they are even one daylate returning from home leave;

SE~~N ~un~r::a~~;~~,~pbir; • if they have differences withCouncil held a spirited meeting boss-boys; and if they ask for com­from noon last Saturday to demand passionate home-leave in cases ofthe immediat e sacking of their family death or illness.compound manager. They are dueto hear the Council's answer this Those victimised were ssked toSaturd ay. come forward at the meeting. "How

can they ?" shouted the seven hun-Th e seven hundred sat round dred, "the y got sacked ."

Nancefield sanitar y compoun d whileone worker after another voiced Then one worker who had beentheir cornnla ints to the Council's refused permission to go homeChief Engineer. When the latter after the death of his wife camesaid somet hing they objected to, forwar d.

:~ee s~~~n ~~~d~~d r~~~t~~t~~~ir i-h~ The chief engineer promised ancompound manager , who was the investigation. The seven hund red in-

PART TO PLA Y cause of the trouble, had to be put sisted that the compound manager

So~f~ A1ri~:r~~ ~hkbmut~i~y S.~~ ~~~ t~a:e~~~N~~ ~ t~i~ ~~~in~~ce qU:,~~:::~te~~nt to sleep withColoure d People 's Congr ess speaks, him in the same compound,' theyhave also a pa rt to nlay in the • The workers grievances are said. .The seven hundred workersliberation of the non-white peoples that men are sacked on the spot if demanded that the head mana gersays the statement. they arc ill and hospitalised ; meet them.

-Says CPC

NAT. OVE,RTURES REJECT D

A section of the large audience at the Piet ermaritzburg meeting.

CAPE TOWN. "During the eventf ul days of

'~ events in South Africa ~~~~h o~a~g~ ~~m~~r~oo~h:h~al?O~fsince March bave revealed the CPC to 'Support the African

that tbe era of White baasskap people in their struggle, and parti -

is dra~ing to a close and that ~~~r)Xingtofo~b:~~vede~~e orlan~~the victory of tbe oppressed and SharpeviIle.

millions of. non-wbite.people "At the s~me time, howev er, cer ­over apartheid and racial supe- tain so-called 'leaders' of Non ­riority is clearly inevitable," Europ ean unity, hiding behind thesays a statement issued by the screen of 'principles' and the con­Soutb African Coloured Peo- demnatio~ of 'adventurism' and

pie's Congress. ~~P~il~~~~l s~,' thea l~~~~ne:f ath~w~m~"The upholders of white. sup~e· tancy of the people and could offer

macy, a!U0ngst both the Nat ionalist no positive, honourable or decentand United Part y plus their respec- policy to the Coloured people intive suppor ters, have been saying relation to the struggle then beingmu ch recently about a 'ne w. deal' waged. Th eir silence was strictlyfor the Coloured people. ThIS has maintained throughout the state ofbeen done with the hope of wooing emergency. It was only when theour people to their ,side in the. ~~- danger was past, that they startedfence of so-called Western C1Vlh - once again to pay their usual lipsation.' There has been talk of service to the 'struggle for full de­spe nding mor e money on the Col- mocratic rights.'

~~~~r~~o~~;a~:r!~~nnc:i~f ~:;~~d~~~ " Ot~er so-c~lled 'lead ers' had theus as the 'natur al allies' of this audacity to dishonourably call onWestern civilisation. our people to withhold their sup­

port from the Africans, and, moreas an ..fterthought, asked them todonat e towards the relief of the be­seiged Africans , thereb y hoping tosalve their consciences by attempt-

" The Coloured people must re jectthese overtures as efforts to seducethem from the struggle for fulldemocracy in this country . The Col- 1- -------- - --------­oured peop le can never be the alliesof the oppressor. The continent ofAfrica is aflame with the burn ingdesire for economi c, pol itical andsocia l equality for all people irre­spective of race or colou r. And the

, time has come when, once and forall, such must be the demands ofour peop le, too.

"We want no more eoncession slWe want no more crumbs from thetable of white baasskap or segrega­tion with iustice! In the new situa­tion which the country faces wewant no separate representation,nor to make use of it as a meansof stat ing our grievances. The poli­t ical developments since Marchhave clearly indicated that nothingshort of full and equal !)articipationin the 20vernment of South Africawill satisfy the non-white people.

"The only 'new deal' for theColoured people must be the totalremoval of the colou r bar fro m allwal ks of life for all !'eop le whoinh abit South Africa ."

and Secretary of the Durban localcommittee of the South Afri canCongress of Trade Unions.

A British secret agent of Scotlan dYard, the Rev. Fran cis Coveney,disclosed recently how he and othersecret police had shad owed the lateBritish Communist Party leader,Harry Pollitt, for 25 years .

In a letter publish ed in the Lon­don .Times he said he followed M r.Pollitt and other Communistleaders "closely as a pro fessionalduring twenty-five years in theSpecial Branch of Scotland Yard.We covered their meet ings, watchedtheir movements, checked theirfriends, night and day," he said.

To Go Up in Smoke

He Must Have BeenFootsore

The U.S. Congress bas passed a39,996,680,000 dollars militar y ap­propriati ons bill for the 1961 fiscalyear, 661,681,000 dolla rs more thanthe U.S. Government had asked for.

It was supported by Senators ofthe ruli ng Republican Party and theopposition Democratic Party. SomeSenator s, like Democrats Stuart Sy­mington and Joseph Clar k, evenattacke d this huge military spendingas "inadequate" and demanded afurt her increase.

MARITIBURG WORKERSPREPARE FOR STRUGGLE

From Ma ndhla Nk osi

PIETERMARITZBURG .

ITH~on~~~~r~~ri~~:J: b~~:~, Ca~m~tt~~sto~o~~~::~t:nc;U=meeting of workers resolved to intensify its campaign for a nationalminimum wage of £1 a day and to organise the unorganised workersof Pietermaritzburg and districts,

Speeches of all the speakers wererecord ed on a tape-recor der bv thelocal chief of the Special Branchwho was present with several othermembers of the Branch and uni­formed oolice . This brazen act ofintimidation, fa r from cowing thespeakers, made them angry , andspeaker after speaker attacked theNa tionalist Go vernment for the pre­sent economic chaos in the countryand called on the workers to uniteand remove the Na ts from power.

Mr. T. H. Gwala, Chairman ofSACTU in Pietermaritzburg, whohad only the week previously beenreleased from detention, addressingthe crowded ha ll, said that thetrade union movement in Pieter­maritzburg had suffered a seriousblow as a result of the Emerg ency.

"Every single functionary and alarge number of our leading mem­bers were detaine d," he said.

GOVERNMENT RESPO NSIBLE

It was not the Congress move­ment or the trade unions that wereresponsible for the unrest in thecountr y, said Mr. Gwala, but thevicious policies of the NationalistGovernment.

"We, in Pietermaritzburg, have aduty to perf orm with the rest of thecountry and that is to organise ourforces and smash Nation alist ty­ranny," he concluded.

Other speaker s included Dr.Graham Miedlinger and Mrs. VeraPonnen of the Congress of Demo­cra ts, and M r. Billy Nair, vice-pre ­sident of the Natal Indian Congress

4 NEW AGE, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1960

Honest and EqualTalks

SOCIALIST STATESRECOGNISE

IVORY COAST

CONGOLESE VISITCHINA

KHRUSCHOV-

"New" Colonialism inAfrica

The Sovet· Union has decided torecognise the Ivory Coast Republicas an independent state and is readyto establi sh diplomatic relationswith it. This was announced by Mr.Khruschov in a cable to PrimeMinister Felix Houphouet-Bogny ofthe Ivory Coast. Bulgaria, Poland,Hungary and Czechoslovakia havesimilarly expre:sed their recognition.

German and Japanese revenge­seeking militarists, and says:

'T hey should not be underestimated. . . the vigilance of the peopleshould not be weakened.

"A vigorous struggle against the im­perialists is necessary in order tofrustrate their asgressive plans.The peace forces must constantlyremind the enemies of peace: . . .If you start a war you will behanged as the Nazi ringleaderswere hanged in Nuremberg."

The proclamation of indepen­dence in African countries, formerlycolonised by Western countries, didnot mean an end to the age ofcolonialism in Africa. There was anew kind of colonialism whichthreatened the continent, said theMoroccan newspaper Al Alam in acommentary recently.

It said that the colonialists werenot able to defeat the liberationmovement in Africa. They attemptedto remain "European minorities"aiming to preserve their interestsand privileges. On the other handWestern countries attempted to"co-operate" with certain Africanleaders in order to preserve theirposition in Africa. For this purposethey granted "financial assistance"--de scribed as "assistance to under­developed countries," but this assist­ance meant retaininR of control bythe Western countries both in poli­tical and economic fields, the papersaid.

Both sides are quite emphaticon the need for close unity be­tween the two countries as beingthe basis for maintaining worldpeace and achieving political, eco­nomic and social progressthroughout the world.

THERE SEEMS TO BE NOREASON WHATSOEVER TOEXPECT ANY "SPLIT" BETWEEN THE TWO COUN­TRIES.

CHINA, on the other hand, is

5~lt~e~~on~,eha~e~:~ip~~:~~ PEACEFUL COMPETITION, NEGOTIATIONSrelations with the United States,and is constantly faced with the Old Bol evik, Otto Kuusinen,menace of direct attack from that speaking at the 90th Lenin Anniver-country. Part of her territory sary meeting stated:

~~a~~~~rt~nf"m~~~~r~e:!seU~~dth~ I~h~~ a~e~\i:tp:~;a~~~~e:;:s ~~~U.~.A. It IS therefore natural for allege that Lenin was against the

£h~~aact~~ ~f~~~lri~~~~g;;~li~~ ;;:t~~~ ~ri:is~l~:re t'h; /h:t tili~an~ the. need for active defence lime of the intervention the ques-against It. lion of the peaceful co-existence

These arc the main points which of socialism and capitalism wasemerge from a serious study of relegated to the background.

~~~ta~~~:r~~iot~~ f::eco~~tri~~rf~ BU~a~~e~~e~hf~eSi7~~~~e~~~~,~r~~:~~----- - --- -recent months. policy during the first years of So­

viet DOwer, his line towards estab­lishing Ibusinesslike co-operationwith capitalist states, the linewhich was clearly expressed in Mumengi Donation, Felix andLenin's directives to the Soviet Angesaka Celestin, members of thedelegates to the first international Political Bureau of the African So­conferences, for instance in Genoa lidarity Party of the Congo, arrivedin 19.22. in Peking recently. They are guests

IniJ~t b;ri~~e L;~~e1~lve~~~~~~;~ of the All-China Youth Federation.competition of the two systems.To use Lenin's expression, this isthe "r ivalry of two methods, twoformations, two kinds of econo­

We print examples of recent .. my-communis!,and capitalist."statements which bring out the We shall prove, Lenin continues,above points. ~~~~~e,Wt~eaf:skt~; ast~iffi~~~t o~~

but we have said and continue to

Mr. K. After ~~ye~~pi~~i~~r~e ~~o~h~:it~relation to those who want to re-

Summit Failure ~t~~~tsth~~ ~~i::' o?f~r~~~ t ae: d

D ECLARING that the world ~~~Iet~~~ ~fl~j~r.uw~e~~s~ d~:must look to the morrow, monstrate the importance of

and create real conditions for communism practically, by ex-

~:cepa~~'iP~~~~sc~r t~~lle~sf~~ ample."great Powers such as People's Of course. aggressiveness is inhe-China, India and Indonesia in a rent in the nature of imperialism.future summit meeting. But one should not dogmatically

But whether the U.S. leaders consider only this aspect of thewanted it or not. peaceful compe- matter. The fact that powerfultition was already a fact, saId Mr. forces counteracting war haveKhruschov. appeared should not be ignored.

The question is whether it is to One should not overlook the factbe co-existence on a friendly basb that the time has gone, never toor co-existence at daggers drawn. return, when imperialism had the

Mr. Khruschov then referred to whole world under its sway ...the internal struggle around fo- Don't these powerful factors havereign policy in the United States practical significance in settlingand cxoressed the view that the questions of peace and war?"sooner or later leaders will come Therefore, in order to be loyal toto power who will pursue a policy Marxism-Leninism today, it ·is notof peace and peaceful co- sufficient to reoeat the old truthexistence." that imperialism is aggressive. The

Meanwhile the Soviet Union task is to make full use of thewould continue to seek co-opera- new factors operating for peace intion and a settlement of interna- order to save humanity from thetional problems, including that of catastrophe of another war. Aa German peace treaty and West dogmatic position is a backwardBerlin, through negotiations. position. The correctness of our

Mr. Khruschov underlined the foreign !,olicy of creative Lenin-Soviet Union's readiness for sim, making use of all the factorshonest and equal talks to secure for peace, is proved best of aU bygenuine disarmament with simul- the success of this policy.taneous control. Kuusinen then refers to the diehard

He said he still believed that imperialists-the members of thePresident Eisenhower wanted Pentagon (U.S. Defence Depart-peace, but his !tood intentions ment), the NATO big shots, the

vociferously that Chiaa is 'beUige­rent,' that it 'wants war,' that 'ildoes not want peace' and 'doesnot want peaceful coexistence';who have fabricated the lie that'China attempts to push forwardthe world revolution 'by means ofwar,' etc. all this amounts to no­thing else than throwill£ them­selves to the position of the apolo­gists and parrots of imper ialism.This will not do China any harmat all but will put themselves in apretty til[.

"The Chinese people hold allthese blasphemous talks in con­tempt ... They will never slackentheir efforts . . • They are fullyaware that to realise any proposalwhich really serves world peace,it is possible only by relying onthe repeated struggle waged bythe masses of all nations againstthe imperialist forces headed bythe United States which are hostileto world peace, and frustratingtheir plots for aggression andwar."

Not War­Mongers

OUR EXPERIENCE

NEW AGE, THURSD AY, SEPTEMBER IS, 1960

THERE IS NO "SPLIT" BETWEENRUSSIA AND CHINA

• There is no "split" betweenthe Soviet Union and China.

• Basically the leaders of both countries are AGREED on their assessment of the international situation, on

Peaceful co-existence between countries with different social systems,

The possibility of preventing wars in the present era,

The necessity of people's vigilance with regard to the danger ~f war since the existence of imperialism retains thegrounds for aggressive wars,

The strugglefor peace being the paramount task for all.

• What APPEARS to be differences arises out of questions of emphasis, dictated by the specific role each country isplaying in world affairs and, in particular, their specific relationship with the United States.

The SOVIET UNION, enjoying were one thinK and the foreignmembership of the United Nations policy of the U.S. administrationOrganisation and having direct quite another.diplomatic relations with the Not for noth ing, KhruschovUnited States, naturally places added, is it said that the road togreat emphasis on negotiation and heU is paved with good intentions.t~tf~is:~/very opportunity towards Soviet View:

China's Mao.

Vice-Premier Chen Yi (July 1960) against the danger of its unleash-Therefore, to the World Peace ing another war, and not to che-

movement remains a long and rish unrealistic illusions about lm-arduous struggle. The foremost perialism,

~~~t ~~d;~e is'';~r\~k~ef~lf a~~:~: We .maintain that in doing so, ittage of the present excellent situ- wJ11 not only do no harm to theation, and rally the peoples of confide!1ce o~ the peoples of thethe world to struggle to the very world III their struggle for worldend with full confidence for con- peace, but WIll more effectivelytinning to defeat the policies of mobilise all peace forces through-war and aggression of the lm- out t~e world to wage the str!Jg-perialists headed by the United f:le directed squarely ~t imperial-States and for the defence of Ism. so ~s to. secure increasingl yworld peace. Through this strug- greater. victories for the cause ofgle the peoples of the world wiU defending world peace.

fh:~ist~e ~~~~ya~1 w~~{3 p~~~rlfs O~7re:Jh c~fSt~~S~~ci~ti;~e~:~; a~~s~tt~~~ahsm headed by the United ~:~i~Yi~f thh: :~rl~g1:nf.f t~~

W~orl~st th~ll tr~~h. ~gPlilia~f t~~~ ~:t~~g t~~~ ~~Jti~~~~t r~fu~~~ri~~I;u\~e°b:i~hton;r~:;:~t:e~fle~h; ~~r~ei~u~~s~r:;.d~:~:a;~U;:U bi~~~ru~~lein~i~id~tr~~ b~acim~~~ia~i~~ ~i~ ~':~~ sl~ce~~~fs~lr~~~~nttowar threats, and on the other .hand, maintain a high degree ofvigilance on account of the In­herent nature of imperialism and We, the socialist countries, have r--- - - - - - - - -

(Continued from previous column) :~~:s~t~h ~~~r~a~i:n~rdi:~~:=~ 12 Year Emergencyhave been emphasised at this through negotiations without reorn.ti~e independent states of sorting to force. Ends in MalayaAfrica will back Lumumba as the Over the past decade, our country The Malayan People's SocialistPrime Minister of the Congo and had conducted many negotiations Front boycotted celebrations of thewill support his efforts 'to unify with imperialist countries. end of the 12-year State of Erner-

th.c~~~trYi.umumba governmentIThro~gh these negotiations, the ~~~~ p~inte~~~i~ha~e~ft~t~~gh~~:~~I~ ~ho~~~a~J\r~~ ~d~d: I ~~;;l;e a~~~P~~h~.thi~e or~~~o~~ "emergency" and "emergency regu­ministrative personnel. I comp~l. rmpenahsm to accept ~~~fa~~~ w~;e ~~~e~ii~~~i'n~ersee~::U~

Since the meeting there has in I negotiatIOns ~nd reach certam regulations" which would bring

~c~~::nof nin~i~:~:; ~~~~ ~~ :~~~~~~~~se~1~~r~sl1!~~~ t~g~i~;~ ~~:~~d~~~~~lt:~ie~~e t~f ~l°J'~~~i~~~~~;~I~~t~~~~pt:e ~~f=b: t~ ~~ti~:o~he~~r~~stth;:r i~~~~~m:;d ees iti;.! held 3"t~er t~er(mergfncfideClared that differences that exist s~a~fi struggles, ~n~. tr S~~uggte ;:;t~i~ti~~: f~pose~ ~p~~ I~~e~ a

~~: :~~s~~~1~rn~~~~~d~!~Pe~~ ~t!a~io~:ss~~~n be IPclo~:';c :~ ~ .tion are much better. ordmated. .The ~truggle . of the

th:k~:i s;~~in~is~~i~:t~~~~ ~:'i~~s p~it~d~~edit~~~:~~f ~~~k: PEACE COUNCIL~~~~~ ;~:vi~~einbv:s~~t~fl ~~v~~: mI!. FOR BOYCOTIment forces is imminent. Lumum- The Bureau of the World Coun-ba is still Prime Minister, despite cit of Peace in a recent resolutionthe confident predictions of his called upon all peace-loving peoplescritics that he could not last much to extend to the utmost their effortslonger. in support of the world-wide move-

T~ITIIMll6iI'AupP8:T~ A ~~IN~fSEA~~:rPle:, e~~~; ~~~ tojj~~~e t~~o2,~ka~~en~.~JCONGOLESE, AND THEBACK· criticising U.S. rejection of Pre- polLttcal}y and . to ensure effec!lVe

~;~TES?F'THETHEASIfNFRI~ ~~~[ea~~f~~eEn;~~i~s p;~rs~1 f~~n~ N;ti~:~c sanctions by the UmtedCOMMUNIST BLOCS, AND aggression pact between countries 'The Bnreau pledges every sup­~~mO~OA~.:J~~~ ~ in the Pacific, attacks the Ameri- por! for the struggle of t~e. So~thA GOOD CHANCE OF OVER. ' cans for shamelessly calling China Afncan pe.ople for t!te elimLDattonCOMING ITS DIFFICULTIFS "belligerent." ~~daPt::h~d f~"~ 'd~eocs::.~[~ms~~~Al~D SETlTNG UP A PROSPE· "As for the modem revisionists based on universal adult suffrage,ROUS, GO·AHEAD STATE IN and their followers who have Rone irrespective of race, colour or sex,"THE HEART OF AFRICA. so far Q to take their roe from said the resolution passed in Stock-

(Concluded) tbe U.s. bnperiallsts in slanderina holm.

Chinese View:

RESOLUTE STRUGGLETOBACK EGOTIATIONS

In the end the consequentquarrel between Lumumba andDag was settled in the SecurityCouncil in Dag's favour. It mustbe remembered that the SecurityCouncil, which was called upont decide on the quarrel. is domi­nated by the Big Powers (mostlyWestern), and that the African re­presentative on it, who comes fromTunisia, is a personal friend ofDag 's. Had the UN representativeof, say, Ghana been on the Secu­rity Council, the outcome mightwell have bees quite different. Asit was, only the Soviet represen­tative gave full support toLumumba.

BY REFUSING TO ALLOWTHE TROOPS OF THE CEN­TRAL GOVERNMENT INTOTHE KATANGA, DAG WASTHEREFORE EXERCISING AMOST IMPORTANT INFLU­ENCE ON THE INTERNALAFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY- HE WAS ALLOWINGTSHOMBE'S FRAUDULENTSTATE TO CONTINUE TO BEIN EXISTENCE, AND THERE­BY ENCOURAGING THE DIS­INTEGRATION OF T H EWHOLE OF THE CONGO ANDTHE COLLAPSE OF THE LU­MUMBA GOVERNMENT.

AFRICA'S CHANCEATthe time of writing the

position remains as tang­led as ever. There is no singleforce capable of dominatingthe whole coontry.

Lumumba undoubtedly has thegreatest following of all the Con­golese politicians, but. as waspointed out by Tanganyika's Ny­erere~ his is a minority govern-

. ment. The Eastern and WesternPowers outside the Congo neutra­lise one another to a large extent.Who, then, will fill the politicalvacuum that exists there?

The independent states of Africahave a great opportunity and aheavy responsibility in this con­nection. If they can pool their re­sources, if they can give the Con­golese Government the militarybacking. the technical and financialassistanCe that it needs, then theCongolese Government may pullthrough and build up a prosper­ous, progressive state.

A start has been made in thisdirection at the recent meeting inLeopoldville of representatives ot13 African states. Their very pre­sence there at the request of Lu­mumba provided great moralsupport for the Congolese govern­ment. Two main points seem to

(Continued in next column)

~HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIII III II IIII III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII11111111I1111I1111I111I1 1 1 1 1 11 11I11I11I1111111I1111I111I1111I11111I11 111I1111I11I111I111I11I11I 111I111111I1 11 111I11II1l1 "1I 1111111111111111111 11111 1 1 11 111111~

lEma LUMUMBA IS LAWFUL Ii PREMIE OF THE CONGO i~ UNITED Nations forces are meddlingquite unjustifiably ~IIIIIII IIIII III IIIII;IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII I I IIIIIII1II111 111 11111111111111111111111 11 111 1111~~ in the internal affairs of the Congo. By blatantly §§ . takin~ the offensive a~ainst the country's lawfully e.lected § BATTLEFOR THECONGO§ Premier, the persons In charge of the U.N. troops m the §

§ Congo have acted .quite unlawfully, and, far. from paving § (Continued from last eek)§ the way for peace In the country, as they claim, they have § w§ prepared the ground for increased tension and chaos. a KATANGA-KEY TO The defiance of the present

~ . When reports fir~t came out about clashes between U.N. troops ~ THE CONGO :UI:~;n~~ ~:e ~~tan~~r::c~~n.l\:;~ t~~~~~~OI~:s s~:~~li. ~he~~th:~d ~td aidoP~~tW~~o~s~h~ ~:: ~ THE Katanga province, Congo who are : trtacking the cen-§ good for him. § which borden on the tral authority.= = Northern Rhodesian Copper-~ h . th§ Lumu mba's main complaint all along was that the U.N. forces § belt, is the Congo's treasure- of th~ ~'G~~~~~e~r ~~t ;pc~~

~ ~e~het~tl~~s~e~~. ~U~~~blr~~~~I~?:ef~~~~I~h~ ~~~~r~~~~~~~~~ ~ house. , rtim~~~~iia~th~e~~O~: ~~~e~t~~§ tives. who were .m his ~oun~ry at ~he request of hiS government, § m~~h~~~ i~n~as te~~~V ~~ighg~ Kasai province. K~lonji, who is::; were constantly rntervemng In the internal affairs of the country,:: Congo's population, it normally reported to be backed by Big

produces two thirds of the coun- Business, has followed in Tshorn-try's total output. Whoever con- be's footsteps by declaring thetrois the copper, cobalt and ura- Kasai a separate "Mining State,"nium mines of the Katanga, con- and has spoken of federa tion withtrois the economy of the Congo. Tshombe's Katanga,

Leopoldville, capital of the Similarly, the Abako people inCongo, cannot exist without Leopoldville, who formerly fol-Elizabethville, chief city of the lowed the lead of Congolese Presi-Katanga. "Leo" has been built on dent Kasavubu in supporting Lu-its position as chief trading station mumba, are now once more talk-for the Katanga. ing about setting up a separate

When it came to drafting a con- state of the Lower Congo.stitution for the about to be inde­pendent Congo, the Belgiansrealised the necessity for a cen­tralised Congo state, and werestrong upholders of the inter­dependance of the C011J~O'S sixprovinces. In fact, when Sir RoyWelensky, Premier of the Rhode­sian Federation, spoke about theKatanga breaking away from theCongo, it was the Belgians whoreacted most bitterly against thisproposal.

This was at a time when theyassumed that they would retainactual control of the whole of theCongo. Now that they have lostout so heavily, they are changingtheir home. In any event, the JIlin­mg bosses of the Katanga nevertook readily to the granting of in­dependence to the Congo, andalways favoured seccession.

Belgian Big Business has foundfor itself a useful stooge in theperson of Katanga's "Premier"Moishe Tshombe, The followingreport in U.s. magazine Newsweekshows vividly who is pulling thestn ngs:

"Outside stood squads of Bel­gian soldiers. Inside. next to thePremier's office, sat his military'adviser,' the Belgian commandant,and the Premier's personal speech­writer. Belgian businessmanGeorges Thussen. To complete thescene, the portraits of five kingsof Belgium looked down from thewall of the room where Tshombemet the press.

"The fad is that in an attempt.to hold a European bridiehead inKatanga, the Belgians have prop­ped up Tshombe's 'independence'with administrators, troops andmoney."

Tshombe, the son of a chief andborn into the richest African busi­ness family in the Katanga, hasfaithfully uttered his masters'words. Shortly after June 30 hedeclared the l(atanga an indepen­dent state. BelRian troops havesince run the province wit\ aniron hand (our press fails to carryreports of their 'atrocities,' thenumber of journalists they havearrested and insulted, the U.N_officials they have attempted tohumiliate etc.).

At the time of writing, the lastgarrisons of Beblian troops wereindicating their unwillingness toobey the U N. order to clear outof the Congo. Uutimately they willhave to leave, so why, then. dothey delay?

The answer is that the loogerTshombe's puppet Governmentcan hold out, the more difficultdoes tho position of the centralgovernment become.

and always on the side of those forces aimed at splitting up the== Congo into a variety of weak states dependent for their existence§ on Belgian capital.- Now P~es :dent Kasavubu has revealed a plot which obviously

had the ba:;k:ng of U.N. officials and which was equally obviouslyaimed at getting rid of the Congo administration.

It carne into the open when Kasavubu, until now Lumumba'ssilent partner in the Government, announced that he was replacingLumumba as Premier with a certain (hitherto unsuccessful) politi­cian, M. Ileo.

• At the same time, U.N. officials and others issued statementsto the effect that a ceasefire bad been declared in the fighting inthe Kasai and Katanga provinces, and that the Congolese Armywas laying down its arms. •

Both these statements were false, but Lumumba was denied thechance of explninillg to his people on the radio what the trueposition was. Equally sinister was the manner in which U.N. forcesallowed Belgian arms to be flown to Elizabethville in the Katanga,

§ while closing the airports to the troops of the Congolese 26vem­== ment.E To the dismay of the plotters, Lumumba showed that he is the§ only true nati~nal leader in.the ~0!1go when he won overwheIminz

! JbPi~;tfg~aflf:S~~bi~dh~~s aflo~f~~~ ~~P~o~f:d ~i~~olese Senate.

§ • Instead of backing stooges of the Belgians like Tshombe andS Kalonji, ~the U.N. forces should assist the central Government in§2 its task of unifying the country and restoring order. OtherwiJe§ they must get ~JUt, and let the troops of Guinea and Mali help§ the Congolese Government let thill2Sstraillht.

jjllllllIlIlIlIllIIllIlIIlllIlIlIIlllIIlIIllIlIllIIlIIlllJllllllllllllllllllIlIlIIlIlIIlJIlllIIlIIllIllllIIlIlIIlIIlIII 1I11111J1 III 111111 Ii

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15. 1960

Mrs . Baduza of Orl ando was found by New Age doing her washing,in spite of her serious hear t ailment . Two of her four childr en standnext to her. Her husband Mr. S. Badura was detained during tbeemergency . She told New 4.ge that there was neither food nor coal

in their home and she found it extremely difficult to live.

• Mrs. Martba Tsotetsi toldNew Age that when her son wasarrested his youngest son was ababy of only eleven days. Mr.Tsotetsi, who is serving three yearsfor incitement , was his family's

sole bre adwinner. Since his arrestfive month s ago this family hasreceived only one 50 lb . bag ofmealie meal and a subsistenceaIlowance of £3. Mrs. Tsotetsi isliving with her son 's famil y whilehe is still in prison. Mrs . LenaTsotetsi has take n a job as a do­mestic servant to suppo rt her threeyoung children, all of whom havebeen ill du ring the past fivemont hs.

EXPELLED FROM SCH OOL• Mrs. Mary Maseko, whose

husband is serving a three yearsentence in orison for incitement,told New Age that one of herchildren had been expelled fromschool because the family couldnot afford the school fees. Thereare seven children, their agesranging from 10 months to 12years, to look af ter and also Mr .Maseko 's invalid mother. Mrs.Maseko has a par t-time job inwhich she earns £2 lOs. a week.

• Twins were born to Mr. Ben­jamin Goapele whilst he was injail facing a charge of incitemen twhich was later withdrawn. Mr.Goapele has since lost his job.The twins have outgrown theclothes given to them by acharitabl e body. Mr. Goapele'sbrother -in-law has been assistingthe family to pay rent. Mr. Goa­pele told New Age that their mainworry -is food and clothing , parti­cularly for their children .

• Trade unionist Mr. John Gaet ­siwe came home in time to fulfilthe only deat hbed wish of his oldmothe r-in-law: " I want to see Johnbefore I die." She died less than24 hours after Mr . Gaetsiwe 's re­lease from detention. The Gaetsi­wes have fou r children, their agesrange from 4 months to 8 years ofwhom . the last was prematurelyborn. They have had no incomefrom the mome nt John wasdetained .

Mrs . Mary Maseko with four of her e~ht children, the youngest of whom is only 10 month , old. The irfat her Mr. Maseko, who is a slgn-wrlter, is servin): thr ee years imprisonme nt for incitement. Their only

income is £2.10.0 a week.

Their battle to keep going is hardly begun, let alon e won. Menand women held In jail for up to five month s as Emerge ncy detaineeshave come home to a bleak future. Many have lost their jobs. Thefortunate few who had businesses have found them closed down orbarely running. Some have come hom e to illness, even deat h. Cup'boards are bare. Purses are empty.

O FFICIALLY the State of Emergency has come to an end butthe emergenc y is still far from over Ioi the families of thousa nds

of political leaders throughout the count ry.

The misery and heartb reak caused by arrests and detention canbe seen at the offices of the Defence and Aid Fund in Johann esbur gwhere streams of poverty-stricken people go every day for assistance.Some travel in from as far away as Bethal , Rustenburg and Balfour.

Mrs. Grace Mashigo manages a smile with her thre e children outsidetheir home when New Age visited them. Her busband is servingthree years imprisonment for incitement. Her sister wbo was the solesupporter in the absence of her husband has taken ill add is in

hospital, They have no other source of incom e.

Clad in black mourning clothes, Mrs. Gaetsiwe sib outside theirhome in Western Native Townsbip. Her motber died a few hoursafter her husband's release. Sitting on her lap is her prematurely

born baby.

THE' EMERGENCY IS NOT OVER F RTHESE FAMILIES

NEW ACm, THU RSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1960

of the South African Indian Cen­gress, another detainee who "dis·appeared" after an habeas corpusapplication, told New A2e that onthe political front the people havemade tremendous Ir-iins, despite theemergency. In five1D9otbsthe strug·gle and thc consciousness of ourpeople bas advanced ten years, hesaid.

Congratulating the people ofNatal for the spirit in which theyfaced up to the tremendous hard­ships, strains and tensions of the 156dark days of the Emergency, Mr.Singh said no power on earth couldstop them from winning their justdemands for freedom and democra­cy in South Africa.

Other Congress leaders who werebeing sought after by the policeduring the State of Emergency, in­cluding Mr. R. r.Arenstein, bannedleader of the Congress of Demo­crats, Mr. Steven Dhlamini. Orga­niser of the South African Congressof Trade Unions and Mr. KesvalMoonsamy, Natal Indian Congressorganiser, expressed similar viewswhen asked to comment on theEmergency.

belonged to no political organisationwhatsoever.

• Detainees from Witbank were putinto leg irons at the time of theirarrest and bound hand and foot,were driven in Saracens to theirhomes in the location while SpecialBranch men ransacked their belong­ings, When the searches were overthey were re-loaded into the Sara­cens and, still chained, driven fromWitbank to Middelburg jail.

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT

• Detainees in small country placeswere locked up in solitary confine­ment for week-sand months on end.An official of the now bannedKrugersdorp African National Con­gress, for instance, spent two monthsand 10 days locked in a cell on hisown, allowed out for exercise foronly two hours a day.• An African labourer who hadworked for the railways for 14 un­'broken years could not produce hispass when it was demanded of allrailway workers the week of thepass burnings on the Reef. The rail­way police arrested him and he wasthen detained in Preto ria jail underthe Emergency regulations. While hewas in prison he received officialnotice from the Railways that hehad been sacked.

Special Branch RaidEx-Detainees' Home

buminjl passes durinjt the anti-passflare-ups in this part of the Trans­vaal countryside.• Among the Pretoria detaineeswasone prisoner found to be mentallyderanged. He was isolated from hisfellow detainees and kept in a smallcell in solitary confinement. Somedays he spent from morning to eve­ning washing out the floors of hiscell.

The authorities clearly recognisedthat he was mentally sick, but noattempt was made to move himfrom prison to a mental hospital.He entered the jail in tatter-s, andwas handed prison garb which hewore until his release months laterwith other detainees.

When be was released his fellowdetainees handed to him someclothes they had put aside for himfrom the clothing sent in bv theDefence and Aid Committee.• Among the African detaineeswere two teachers. The only evi­dence the police had against themWM that they acknowledged afriendship with a Congressman de­tained under the Emergency. They

congratulated on their toleranceand courage in bearing up underthese uncalled for attacks by a Gov­ernment which has become powerdrunk and whose policy seems to bethat "might is right."

TIDE OF FREEDOM

ILL N T STOPIGHT"

90 Yeor-Old Man Gooled

NEWAGEWelcomed To P.E.

More Sidelights On The Emergency

TB OLDES TAl EE

HELP SEUNEW AGE

Natal Leaders Declare

"WOUR

JOHANNESBURG.

A~~~~r :~: I~~~:~~ t~:=~2ency in the Johannesburg andPretoria jails was Andries Motsoa­hai, NINETY YEARS OLD. Hewas arrested in Llchtenbura as aCongressman, His wife was one ofthe Lichtenberg women arrested for

certain that on a proper investiga­tion you will find that we have toldyou the truth."

DURBAN.

"'V~ga~n~ t~~ NS~~~na~: ~~~crnment and all that it stands for.We shall continue to 62ht for IIdemocratic Soutb Africa. We shallfight for the implementation of theFreedom Charter,"

These are some of the views ex­pressed by ex-detainees who arenow free to soeak after five monthsof enforced silence.

Far from being cowed by theirarrest and subsequent detentionevery single detainee interviewed byNew Age was of one view, Theywill not rest until South Africa isfreed from the shackles of Nation­alist despotism.

Dr. G. M. Naicker, President ofthe South African Indian Congress,in a forthright statement to NewAge said that our people are to be

Africans Shot DeadPortuguese Troops

COTTON AREA

100By

Another Sharpeville in Mozambique

PORT ELiZABEm. I On a number of occasions leaflets

W~~~~D:eor~~:a ~~:er a::i ~~~d ~ner~hedi~~n~t~d \~~o~~~~~~of New Brighton and Zakele during the townships. New Age reporter inthe state of emergency, collecting Port Elizabeth states that thousandshundreds of men and boys for the of people have been shocked intojaih and labour camps, the people liveliness by the harshness of thecarried on the struggle for liberation Nationalist Government during theunder difficult circumstances. past months, and that large numbers

bri~~e;a~t~g~~SbU~eSr~e ltd~~~;: °In ~ros~~e~~ th~°ft~~g: f~. now comingpitch black paint. Three giant letters The general opinion is that thestand out amongst the welter of Government, together with it<;slogans-A.N.C. trimmed and re-organised police

Uhuru! (Freedom) figures quite force and anny will find difficultyinoften, while other slogans include coplna with the new situation in"To Hell with Botha Sigcau." Port Elizabeth.

SLOGA S, LEAFLETS IN SPITEOF EMERGENCY

IN the second week of June, prohibited from planting on their

• .1960, there was a. ~hoot~g ~~~o'lpr~hi~~ h~~y\~nte e~~ld bf~incident at the admlnlstrative certain monopolies at prices wellport of Mueda, in the Nyasa below market prices. 1------·- - - ----------------------Province of Portuguese East The authorities know of theseAfrica in which over 100 practices and assist the monopolies,Africa~ were shot dead by probably as the result of bribery.

Portuguese. troops. fo~J c~~~s ~~~a;~e i~n;o~tarela~~The outside world has heard chronic undernourishment at the

nothing about this incident. But this best of times, and starvation at theweek a memorandum settmg out worst. Last year news leaked outthe details of the incident was re- from official sources that 5,000ceived by New Age from a group Africans starved to death in theof Portuguese democrats. Mueda district, no doubt owing to

"We are sending you this docu- an unfortunate delay in the distri­ment at the risk of our lives," they bution of food. A. Governmentwrite. "As vou are aware Portugal com~lsslon of inquiry wasand its oversells territories are ruled appointed but SImplyhushed up theby a fascist dictatorship." whole affair.

Mueda is near the Portugueseborder of Tanganyika and is partof the cotton-rich region of Nyasa.There is constant unrest there owingto the fact that all Africans are

Help fromAbroadCAPE TOWN.

HELP for the detainees has comefrom all parts of the world

and South Africa. but perhaps oneof the most inspiring stories comesfrom Stockport, where a friend ofone of the women in detention de­cided to draw up her own petitionto the Minister of Justice and takeit around the streets.

Often accompanied by her six­year old daughter, she went on 28canvasses between May 13 and July4, mostly four times a week. Shecollected 781 names on the petitionas well as small donations (literallyin pennies) to cover the cost of theair letters to the Minister, each ofwhich was filled with the signatures.

The petition read as follows: "Wethe undersigned ask you as ahumanitarian act to release thewomen detainees in South Africaand allow them to return to theirchildren, who, in many cases havebeen left without parental control.Since these women have no chargeagainst them, and some of thefamilies are in financial difficultiesthrough the loss of two wageearners, it seems only right that themother should be returned to theborne."

She bought many more air lettersand sent them to other people totake round and send off on theirown. In addition, she collected£5 4s., over and above the amountrequired to cover the cost of theair letters, and sent this sum to herfriend in South Africa to use at herdiscretion.

NEW AG E, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1960

They Banned This Arfie/e"S EX IS COLOUR BLIND" is the title of the article in the British weekly "The New Statesman" of August 27 which fell

under the axe of the Union censors. None of the subscribers' airmail copies arrived.This is the art icle that the Union would not let through.

THEYGOT AWAY

LIFT BANON ANC!

By AL~X

LAGUMA

Our picture shows three Congressmen who slipped out ofthe police net during the state of emergency. They are (I. tor.) Moses Mabida, Wilton Mkwayi and Ambrose Makiwane,

posing for the photographer somewhere in Africa.

and the Immorality Act. All hu­man beings were made in Hisimage.

Well, [ hope at least that theymeant us blacks too.

*IT looks as if Jo'burg journalistLewis Nkosi has come under

the axe of the passport authoritiesand that he might not get to Har­vard U.S.A. to take up his scho­larship.

We have our fiD2elS crossed forLew, but it does ap pear tbat ourbenign rulers ,«ouId like him tostay and develop alooa: his ownlines.

The banner of Adam and Evewas hoisted as tbe spectre of evo­lution hove into sight to threatenthe purity of our governmentprinters.

God's chiIlun ain't mammals,wrote the defenders of the faith

UP MY ALLEY

however, is that they have beenrather slow to fill the breach.Moreover. the only womentempted into it are Afrikaners,who thus give their church andtheir politicians further anxiety.

Miscegenation is, of course, anold custom in this country. Cer­tainly no laws whatever werethoug ht necessary to hinder it dur­ing the first 250 years of white set­tlement. It was Milner's admini­stration which first decided, duringthe Boer War, to prevent Africansfrom becoming clients of theBritish prostitutes who followedthe troons to the Transvaal. Evenafter sclf-govemment was intro­duced, successive South AfricanCabinets saw no prob lem for fortyyears.

Then urbanisation brought theraces so close together that theycould not be kept apart withoutthe barrier of the criminal law.Today many Afr ikaners wouldprefer to have the law repealedbut no government would dare topropose this step. .

Africans, on the other hand,generally approve of the law andtheir women are learning to takeadvantage of the 'protect ion' it issupposed to give them.

It is perhaps significant that notone African organisation has evercalled explicitly for the repeal ofthe laws against miscegenation orintermarriage. It looks as if theAfrican docs not, after all, want toapproach your sister.

*ANOTHER storm arose in theDRC teapot when a Govern­

ment notice on animal hygiene re­ferred to "all mammals excepthuman beings."

CHI~;~1~~ic~a~fec~~ ~~ic~a~~missed during the s.o.e, I discov­ered that according to BusinessNews of June, South Africa is upfor sale. .

"The time has come when wemust sell South Africa to theworld," states ye scribe writin2 inthat mag. You can even imaginehbn standing with handz in thewashin2 position in front of hisshop, waitinl: for the first custo­mer.

And in order to boost the rum­mage the following advertisingcopy is neatly printed on the priceticket:

• Our mining industry "isoperated by an army of workerswho enjoy conditions comparablewith the best found anywhere inthis world."

• "We pay our workers betterwages than most other countries."

• "Our Bantu workers especi­ally are well looked after, andthousands from other parts ofAfrica daily get into the Unionbecause of the rosy conditionshere,"

Any buyers?

Publi shed by Real Printing and Publishing Co. (pt y,) LW., I) Barrac k st reet , Cape:rown and printed by Pioneer Pr ess (pty.) Ltd., Sbelley Road, Salt Rive r. Th is newspaperis a member uf the AudIt Bureau of Circulati ons . New Age offices:

J ohann esburg: 102 Pro gress Bulldings , 154 Commissioner Street , Phone 22·~625.Durban : 7M Lodson House, 118 Grey Street , Phone 6·8897.Port Elizabeth: Coult Chambers, 129 Adderley Street ,Cape Town: Room 20, 6 Barrack St. , Phone ~-3787, Telearapblc Address: NUlIge, C.T.

oil

MARVOOIL

The Miracle' Polish

senior police officer declared thatonly a minute percentage of casesever reach the courts. The usualpenalty for both the white manand the Coloured woman is sixmonths' imprisonment.

That all the men convicted are,with rare exceptions, Afrikaners isa source of satisfaction to theEnglish press and of shame to theNationalists. They wish now thatthey had never enacted this law,

Yet what can they do aoibut it?One idea discussed was to preventthe newspaper" from reporting themany cas es that occur regularly.But publicity is almost the heavierpart of the punishment suffered 'bythe wretched men, who include allsorts of dignitaries.

Among those prosecuted in thelast year or two have been minis­ters ef religion, wealthy farmers,policemen, a well-known Johan­nesburg attorney, a school princi­pal, and the superintendent of anAfrican women's prison. (The wit­nesses against this last accused,who was acquitted, were the wo­men in his prison.)

Before the latest law waspassed, Coloured women providedthe prostitutes, especially at portslike Cape Town and Port Eliza­beth. Nowadays all sailors arewarned, before they go ashore, ofthe legal danger or making theslightest gesture to a woman ofthe wrong race.

The difficulty about reservingprostitution for white women,

W HO would ever have guessedthat one of the occupations

reserved by law to white womenis prostitution? This has comeabout not by the direct enforce­ment of the industrial law On 'jobreservation' but through the opera­tion of the ten-year-old law de­signed to combat all sex' relationsbetween white and non-white.

Having first pro hibited inter­marriage between the races, theNationalists then took another twosteps which have had unforeseenconsequences for their own volk,They passed a law prohibi ting illi­cit intercourse not only with Afri­cans but with Coloure d people,i.e. those with any touch of 'col­oured blood.'

Witnesses are, however, still re­quired to prove the commission ofa crime and this particular crimeis seldom committed in the pre­sence of witnesses. So the law hadto be extended by the latestImmorality Act. It created a newoffence, namely, to invite a womanof colour to commit 'an immoralor indecent act.'

The law does not define thecriminal conduct but the courtshave taken it to mean any over­ture, even verbal, to intercourse.The same conduct between twowhite or two non-white persons isno crime.

In recent years the courtsthroughout the country have heardon the average one immoralitycase on every day they sat; and a

Agenls&. SellersWANTED FOR NEW AGEall over the country. For fullpar ticulars as to terms, commis­sion rates etc. write to, or callin at any of the following New

Age offices:Cape Town: 20, Cliames Buildings,

6, Barrack Street.Johann esburg; 102, Progress Build­

ings, 154, Commissioner Street.Durban: 703, Lodson House, lIB

Grey Street.Port Elizabetb: 9, Court Chambers,

129 Adderley Street.

Il nless otherwise stated, F. Carne son, of 6Barrack St" Cape Town . is responslble foralt political matter in this issue. Cape Townnews from A. la Unroll.. 6 Barr ack St. Johan­nesburg news from R. Flht. 10"2 ProgressBulldings, 154 Commlsstoner 81. Port Ellza·bo.th news by Govan ~IbekJ , (xmrt Chambers,129 Adderley St. Durban news by M. P.Naicker , 703 Lodson House, 118 Grey St.

and now our very latest:

APARTHEID-THE ROAD TO POVERTY

By Brian Bunting Price 6d. Post Free. 3

;;;=_~ Only a limited number of the above pamphlets have been printed. §;Make sure of adding them to your library by ordering early. ~

~lII l11 l1n l ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll l lll ll ll ll l l ll l lll lll l l ll ll l l l l ll l l ll l l l l ll l l l l l l lll l l li 1I 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 11 11 111 11 1 11 111 1 11 1 111 1 11 11 1 1 11 11 11~

~11 1111 1 111 11 11 1 1 1 1 1111 1111111l11 11 1 1 11 11 11 1 1 1 11 11 111 1 1 11 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 II l n lllll ll ll l l ll ll ll ll l ll l l ll llllll l ll l l l l l ll l l lll ll l l lll l llll~== § Wolfson & De Wet, F.N.A.O.

~ PAMPHLETS PAMPHLETS~ ~~~1~si~ali~~tic~~~~~-tes~ing ~~~E ~ George Street (between Bree andS § Plein Streets), Johannesburg.~ Write for the following NE W AGE PAMPHLETS to. .~ Please note Change of Address.

i ~:: ~::: ~:~: :~; :~~: ~:a~:~:~;g , ! Phone 22-3834§ New Age, 703, Lodson House, lIB Grey Street, Durban. Ei 20% Reduction to Africans~ NewAg~ 9C~rtC~mbcr~ I~Ad~rl~ Str~~ PortEli~bct~ ~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_

=: TIlE FARM LABOUR SCANDAL IPrice 1/6d. Post Free.

CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF THE MARCH

TO FREEDOM . " Price 1/6d. Post Free.

THE STORY BEHIND THE NON-WHITEPRESS Price 9d. Post Free.