Peoplefirst-us.com. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.

peoplefirst-us.com

Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.

It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many workplaces.

It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.

It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences.

Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.

Scope of StandardPermissible PracticeRespirator ProgramProgram ElementsQuestions & Answers

Applicable to:General Industry (1910)Shipyards (1915)Marine Terminals (1917)Longshoring (1918)Construction (1926)

Elimination/SubstitutionEngineering Controls

EnclosuresConfinement of OperationsVentilation

Administrative ControlsWorker/Job RotationTraining & Education

Personal Protective EquipmentRespiratory Protection

When effective engineering controls are not feasible

While engineering controls are being implemented

During maintenance and repair operationsDuring emergency use

If respirator use is necessary or required by the employer:

A written program must be developed with work-site specific proceduresProgram must be updated when work-site changes

with respirator useA program administrator must be designated

Must be qualified through training or experience to perform the following:Conduct evaluationsAdminister or oversee program

Respirators must be provided as well as training and medical evaluations (NO COST TO EMPLOYEE)

If respirator use is not required by the employer:Respirators may be provided to or by employees if

use does not cause any harm or create any hazardsIf voluntary use is permissibleUsers must be provided with Appendix D by

employerWritten program must be established and

implemented to ensure user safety and proper use

Note: A written program is not required with the voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks)

DefinitionsSelectionMedical EvaluationFit TestingUse Maintenance and CareBreathing Air Quality and UseTrainingProgram Evaluation

Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on respiratory hazards worker is exposed to, workplace and user factorsRespirator shall be certified by NIOSH and used in

compliance with certificationIdentification and Evaluation of Respiratory Hazards

Nature of Contaminant/Contaminant InvolvedEstimate of employee exposure

If there is no basis or adequate information for employee exposure assessment, assume IDLH

Contaminant’s chemical and physical stateHuman capabilitiesWork condition

Select respirators from a sufficient number of models/sizes

An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible health effects or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphereOxygen Deficient AtmosphereToxic Levels that exceed the Permissible

Exposure Limit

If an IDLH atmosphere exists, select:A full facepiece pressure demand SCBA certified

by NIOSH for 30 minutes minimum service life orA combination full facepiece pressure demand

Supplied Air Respirator orEscape-only respirators from IDLH atmospheres

shall be NIOSH certified for escape from the atmosphere in which they will be used

Note: Employers may use any atmosphere supplying respirator provided they can demonstrate oxygen levels are maintained at 19.5% and 16% partial pressure equivalent

For protection against gases and vapors, employers must provide:An atmosphere-supplying respiratorAn air-purifying respirator, provided that:

Respirator is equipped with ELSI (End of Service Life Indicator) certified by NIOSH for that contaminant

Change-out schedule is provided for canisters and cartridges based on objective data that will ensure they will be changed before end-of-service life when there is no ESLIEmployer must describe information and

data with basis for change schedule

For protection against particulates, employers must provide:An atmosphere supplying respiratorAn air-purifying respirator equipped with

HEPA filters certified by NIOSH or with filters certified by NIOSH for particulates

An air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter certified for particulates by NIOSH for contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters of at least 2 micrometers

Levels of filter efficiency are 95%, 99%, and 99.97%Number is dependent on how much filter

leakage can be acceptedCategories of resistance to filter efficiency

degradation are labeled N, P and RN ~ Not resistant to OilR ~ Resistant to OILP ~ Oil-Proof

If no oil particles are present, use any of the aboveIf oil particles are present, use only R or PIf oil particles are present and the filter is to be used

for more than one work shift, use only P series

Must be provided to determine the employee’s ability to use a respirator

Must be completed before fit testing and useA PLHCP must be identified to perform medical

evaluations through:A medical questionnaireInitial medical examination

The medical evaluation must obtain information requested in Appendix C Part A Sections 1 and 2

Follow-up medical examination is required when:Employee answers “Yes” to Question 1 - 8 in Section

2, Part A of Appendix C Initial medical examination demonstrates need for

follow-up

Annual review of medical status is not requiredMedical evaluations must be provided at a

minimum if:Employee reports medical signs or symptoms

related to the ability to use a respiratorPLHCP, supervisor or Program Administrator

informs employer of employee reevaluation Information from respirator program indicates a

need for reevaluationProgram evaluationObservations made during fit testing

Changes in workplace conditions may increase physiological burden

Employee must be fit tested with same, make, model, and size of respirator that will be used before any use commences with a positive or negative pressure tight fitting facepiece

Employees must pass a Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) or a Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)Prior to initial useWhenever different respirator is usedAt least annually thereafter

Additional fit test must be conducted when the employee’s physical condition changes that could affect fit of respiratorFacial scarringDental ChangesCosmetic SurgeryChange in Body Weight

A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of the respirator fit. This test relies on the individual’s response to the test agent

May only be used to fit test negative pressure APR’s that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less

Testing agents include:Isoamyl AcetateSaccharinBitrexIrritant Smoke

Assessment of the adequacy of the respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator

If fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than 100 for tight fitting half facepieces or equal to or greater than 500 for tight fitting full facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator

Fit Factor = Concentration of Substance in Ambient Air Concentration inside respirator when worn

Employees that wear tight fitting respirators shall not have facial hair or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function

Corrective glasses or goggles must not interfere with the face-to-facepiece seal

Positive and Negative Seal Checks must be performed each time the respirator is donnedFollow procedures in Appendix B-1

The effectiveness of the respirator must be evaluated through appropriate surveillance of the work area conditions and the degree of exposure or stress

Employees must leave the respirator use area:To wash their faces and respirators as necessaryIf gas or vapor breakthrough is detectedIf breathing resistance is detectedIf there is leakage of the facepieceTo replace respirator, filter, cartridge or canister

Employee cannot re-enter area until respirator is replaced or repaired

Provide each user with a respirator that is clean, sanitary and in good working order

Follow Appendix B-2 or manufacturer’s recommendations

Clean and disinfect as follows:As often as necessary when issued for exclusive

useBefore being worn by different individuals when

issued to more than one employeeAfter each use for emergency respirators and those

used in fit testing and training

Protect from:SunlightDamage ContaminationDustExtreme temperaturesExcessive moistureDamaging chemicals

Stored to prevent deformity

Before use and during cleaningAll respirators used in emergencies will be

inspected monthlyEmergency escape - Before going into area

Compressed breathing air must meet at least the requirements for Type 1- Grade D air as described in ANSI/CGA G-7.1-1989 which requires:Oxygen content of 19.5 - 23.5%Hydrocarbon content of 5 mg/m3 of air or lessCO content of 10 ppm or lessCO2 content of 1,000 ppm or lessLack of noticeable odor

Compressors must be equipped with suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters that must be maintained and replaced per the manufacturer

Must be labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval label. The label must not be removed and must remain

legible“TC” number is no longer on cartridges or filtersMarked with NIOSH, manufacturer’s name, and

part number an abbreviation to indicate cartridge or filter type (N95, P100, etc.)

At least one employee located outside of IDLH area. For firefighters it’s two in two out.

Visual, voice or signal line communication is maintained between employees in and outside of IDLH areas at all times.

Employees outside of IDLH are trained and equipped to provide effective emergency rescue.

The employer is notified before rescue enters IDLH.

Rescue to have:SCBARetrieval Equipment or equivalent

Employers must provide effective training to employees who are required to use respirators

Employees must be trained so that they can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:Why respirator is necessaryHow improper fit, maintenance or use can compromise

its protective effectLimitations and capabilities of the respiratorEffective use in emergency situationsHow to inspect, put on/remove, use and check the sealsMaintenance and storageRecognition of medical and signs and symptoms that

may limit or prevent effective useGeneral requirements of this standard

Must be provided prior to useException: If acceptable training has been

provided by another employer within the past 12 months

Retraining is required annually and when:Changes in the workplace or type of respirator

render previous training obsoleteInadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or useAny situation in which retraining is necessary

Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer

Must conduct evaluations of the workplace as necessary to ensure effective program implementation

Must regularly consult employees required to use respirators to assess their views on program effectiveness and to identify and correct any problems

Factors to be assessed:Respirator Fit Appropriate SelectionProper UseProper Maintenance

Records of medical evaluations must be retained and made available per 29 CFR 1010.1020

A record of fit tests must be established and retained until the next fit test is administered

A written copy of the current program must be retained

Written material required to be retained must be made available upon request to affected employees and OSHA