People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural ... · For these six participating project provinces, there are 24.39 million ethnic minority persons who account for 8.6%

Consolidated External Monitoring Report for

Implementation of the Ethnic Minority Development

Plans (Q1–Q2 2017) Project Number: 43049 December 2017

People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project

Prepared by the State Office for Comprehensive Agriculture Development for the Asian Development Bank

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Table of Contents

I. Background and Introduction ......................................................................................... 1

1. Project Description ........................................................................................................ 1

2. Implementation Progress ............................................................................................... 1

3. Distribution of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Areas ...................................................... 2

4. Preparation of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans .................................................. 3

5. Implementation Monitoring Arrangement of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan ....... 3

II. Project/Subproject’s Category of Social Safeguards during Project Implementation ...... 4

1. Overall Category during Preparation Stage ................................................................... 4

2. Anhui Province .............................................................................................................. 4

3. Henan Province ............................................................................................................. 4

4. Heilongjiang Province .................................................................................................... 4

5. Jilin Province ................................................................................................................. 5

6. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ................................................................................... 5

7. Yunnan Province ........................................................................................................... 5

III. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Heilongjiang ......

Province ......................................................................................................................... 6

1. Overview of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan ........................................................ 6

2. Project Progress and Changes ...................................................................................... 6

3. Implementation Progress of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans ............................. 6

IV. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Jilin Province . 13

1. Ethnic Minority Development Plans ............................................................................. 13

2. Implementation Progress of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans ........................... 13

V. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in the Ningxia Hui ..

Autonomous Region .................................................................................................... 14

1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 14

2. Participation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Training and Construction ......................... 14

3. Achievements of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan. ............................................. 14

VI. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Yunnan .............

Province ....................................................................................................................... 15

1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 15

2. Summaries of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans Implementation Monitoring ...... 15

VII. Information Disclosure, Public Participation, Consultations, and Grievance Redress ... 17

1. Heilongjiang Province .................................................................................................. 17

2. Jilin Province ............................................................................................................... 20

3. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ............................................................................................ 20

4. Yunnan Province ........................................................................................................................ 25

IX. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................ 27

1. Conclusions of the Ethnic Minority Development Framework and/or the Ethnic Minority ..

Development Plan Implementation ............................................................................................. 27

2. Recommendations of the Ethnic Minority Development Framework and/or the Ethnic .....

Minority Development Plan Implementation .............................................................................. 28

Appendixes: ........................................................................................................................ 29

Appendix 1: Monitoring Photos in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region .............................. 29

Appendix 2: Monitoring Photos in Yunnan Province ............................................................ 39

List of Tables

Table 1: Basic Implementation Information on Ethnic Minorities in Heilongjiang Province .......

(As of June 30, 2017) ............................................................................................................ 7

Table 2: Implementation Monitoring of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan in Hailin City .. 8

Table 3: Implementation Monitoring of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan in Dumeng ......

County ................................................................................................................................ 12

Table 4: Implementation Progress of Training Programs under the Ethnic Minority .................

Development Plans in Jilin Province ................................................................................... 13

Table 5: Participation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Training and Construction .................. 14

Table 6: Achievements of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan ........................................ 14

Table 7: Records of Public Participation Activities of the Ethnic Minority Population in............

Hailin City ............................................................................................................................ 18

Table 8: Records of Public Participation Activities of the Ethnic Minority Population in ...........

Dumeng County .................................................................................................................. 19

Table 9: Project Information Disclosure in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ................. 20

Table 10: Public Consultations in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ............................. 21

I. Background and Introduction

1. Project Description

The project finances an area and time slice of the government’s comprehensive agricultural development (CAD) program with an emphasis on the sustainable rehabilitation and improvement of existing irrigation and drainage systems and the modernization of agricultural techniques in six key participating provinces (Anhui, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, and Yunnan provinces, and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). The first four provinces—Anhui, Heilongjiang, Henan, and Jilin—are the top food-surplus provinces; and the remaining two—the Yunnan Province and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region belong to the food-balanced regions.

Within these provinces, 69 counties and/or cities were selected for inclusion in the project. During project preparation in most of these areas, the irrigation systems were in a poor state of repair; or had not been completed at the field level. Among the 69 project counties, 19 of them or 28% are national-level or provincial-level poverty counties, with poverty population accounting for 11.5% of the total population in these project counties.

The project consists of three components: (i) improved irrigation and drainage infrastructure, (ii) improved agricultural support, and (iii) improved project management. All three components address gender equality and rural women’s empowerment. Through these outputs, the project is expected to benefit a total area of 98,350 hectares (ha). Where appropriate, the focus is on the participation of ethnic minority communities and individuals, both men and women equally, in technical and other trainings; employment; local decision-making processes; institutional capacity development; and community empowerment. Project management ensures that all project implementation units effectively implement and monitor ethnic minority-related activities and actions.

The project will reduce poverty by providing reliable access to water for irrigating crops for household consumption and for sale, including expansion into cultivation of high-value crops. These improved agricultural systems will be more sustainable and profitable, which will help ensure stable livelihoods and income growth. Project construction activities will benefit the ethnic minority communities who are spread throughout the rural areas. Specific measures are designed to better extend project benefits to ethnic minority population, particularly when they are representing the poorer and more vulnerable parts of the society.

2. Implementation Progress

By 31 December 2016,1 the accomplishments under the improved irrigation and drainage infrastructure output included the following: The participating provinces have completed a total area of 91,109 ha of irrigation and drainage area. They have dredged a total length of 2,712.20 kilometers (km) irrigation and drainage canals, and built 102,839 canal system structures. Water-saving technology was established in the project provinces, covering 50,631 ha of irrigated area. The accomplishments under the agricultural support output included the following: Soil productivity in 29,527.87 ha of land in the project provinces has been improved through land leveling, deep ploughing, and balanced fertilizer application. A total of 1,399.48 km of field roads had been repaired and reinforced. Land cultivation methods have been improved through the distribution of various agricultural machines and equipment, plant protection and disease prevention devices, and new types of crops in over 2,223 ha of land. Under the project management output, the project has organized farmers’ training of 3,885.76 person-months and project management staff’s training of 468.81 person-months. The project management offices

1 In the next monitoring report, the figures will be updated to 2017.

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(PMOs) have procured 1,219 sets of office equipment and devices for the agricultural information systems.

As of 31 December 2016, the project has organized farmers’ training of 3,885.76 person-months and project management staff’s training of 468.81 person-months.

As of 31 December 2016, the participating provinces have constructed 21.28 ha of greenhouse demonstration, provided 198 sets of equipment in greenhouse; accumulated 15,182.93 ha of demonstration and promotion of pollution-free agricultural products, purchased 137 sets of pollution-free agricultural instruments; and purchased and/or accumulated 140 sets of agricultural management information system server.

As of 31 December 2016, about 21 water user associations (WUAs) formed or strengthened, with at least 32.79% female participation as WUA members; and 28.18% as WUA committee members; about 45.62% or more of employment opportunities created under the project taken up by women; drainage of about 91,109.06 ha land improved; improved surface water irrigation upgraded and/or completed in 58,083.30 ha; groundwater irrigation systems developed or improved in 27,528.76 ha; water-saving technology introduced in 50,631.78 ha; soil improvement implemented in 29,927.87 ha; 1,369.10 km farm access roads improved; improved mechanized farming from 84.07% of farmers; establishment and strengthening of 26 farmers’ professional associations (FPAs), with at least 24.00% female participation as FPA members; and 33.33% as FPA management committee members; farmers’ farming skills improved by provision of 3,885.76 person-months of training, with at least 49.68% female participation; and there are 45.62% of employment opportunities created under the project taken up by women.

3. Distribution of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Areas

For these six participating project provinces, there are 24.39 million ethnic minority persons who account for 8.6% of total population in 2008.2 Among them, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region at 36.7% and the Yunnan Province at 34.3% have the highest share of ethnic minority population, Heilongjiang at 5.7%, Jilin at 10.2%, Henan at 1.2%, and Anhui at 0.7%, respectively.

For the project area, the first three ethnic groups in Yunnan Province are the Bai, Hani, and Yi nationalities, which account for 11% (1.64 million), 10% (1.55 million), and 33% (5.13 million), respectively, of the total minority population in the province. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the dominating minority is the Hui nationality with 2.22 million accounting for 97.9% of the total minority population in the region. In Jilin Province, the top three ethnic groups are the Korean nationality with 1.18 million or 47% of the total minority population in the province; the Man (Manchu) nationality with 1.05 million or 42% of the total; and the Mongolian nationality with 0.16 million or 6% of the total. In Heilongjiang Province, the two top minorities are the Man nationality with 1.18 million or 54.6% of the total; and the Korean nationality with 0.45 million or 20.9% of the total. Among these six participating provinces, the three largest ethnic groups are the Hui, Man, and Yi nationalities, which account for about half of total minority population in the project area.

In these six participating project provinces, there are eight ethnic minority counties, which include five minority counties in Yunnan Province; two minority counties in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; a minority county in Heilongjiang Province; and no minority counties in Anhui, Henan, and Jilin provinces.

2 The latest in 2016 will be provided in the next monitoring report.

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4. Preparation of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans

In September 2011, an ethnic minority planning framework had been prepared by the State Office for the Comprehensive Agricultural Development (SOCAD) and approved by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which was a basis to prepare the ethnic minority development plans (EMDPs) for subprojects during implementation. After detailed screening and analysis, four EMDPs had been prepared by the Provincial Offices for CAD (POCADs) for four subprojects in 2013: (i) EDMP for Helong City, Jilin Province; (ii) EMDP for Hailin City, Heilongjiang Province; (iii) EMDP for Dunhua City, Jilin Province; and (iv) EMDP for Dumeng County, Heilongjiang Province.

5. Implementation Monitoring Arrangement of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan

The six POCADs have engaged their external monitors to prepare the social monitoring reports from 2016. Six provincial external monitors have prepared the first batch of social monitoring reports for Q1–Q2 2016 and the second batch of social monitoring reports for Q1–Q2 2017. To improve the quality of external monitoring reports for posting on ADB’s website, it was agreed that a consolidated monitoring report for the EMDP implementation will be (i) prepared with the assistance of the social consultant based on existing social monitoring reports; and (ii) disclosed on ADB’s website.

It was agreed that a social specialist will be recruited in 2018 by SOCAD to provide technical assistance (TA) to SOCAD, the POCADs, and the provincial external monitors on monitoring materials and data collection, and periodical consolidated monitoring report preparation as per the relevant requirements of ADB on social safeguards and social dimensions.

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II. Project/Subproject’s Category of Social Safeguards during Project Implementation

1. Overall Category during Preparation Stage

During the project preparatory TA stage, the project was classified as category B in terms of both involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples; and so, a resettlement framework and an ethnic minority development framework (EMDF) had been prepared for the entire CAD project in September 2011.

According to the screening results by an individual resettlement specialist recruited by ADB in 2013, there is no land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) impacts in all the project provinces during implementation, with only some internal voluntary land use and land adjustment.

2. Anhui Province

The subproject in Anhui Province has been implemented in eight counties and/or cities, including Funan, Guoyang, Jieshou in Fuyang City, Linquang, Mengcheng in Bozhou City, Taihe, Yingquan, and Yingzhou. Up to 30 June 2017, construction has been carried out in all the eight counties. The project mainly focused on the farmland infrastructure improvement through the improvement of water conservancy, agricultural measures, ecological measures, modern agriculture demonstration, farmers’ ability promotion, and the project management.

The social safeguards and social dimensions normally include resettlement, ethnic minority development, and women development. However. the resettlement and ethnic minority development issues were not involved in the Anhui provincial subproject based on the social safeguard impact screening.

The subproject in Anhui Province was categorized as C in terms of both involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples.

3. Henan Province

During preparation, the field visits and investigations in Henan Province found that the project areas do not have ethnic minority communities. The project construction was focused on the improvement of irrigation and drainage in the project areas and strengthening of the basic facility for agricultural production base; and so, there is no land requisition or resettlement impacts; but only some voluntary land adjustment in project construction. Detail screening and identification during implementation showed that the subproject in Henan Province does not involve any involuntary resettlement nor ethnic minority impacts. Therefore, the project was categorized as C in terms of both involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples.

From all the investigation, the women’s rights have been fully strengthened and respected through long-term development. Men usually go outside for additional work and payment in idle season. Women play a leading role both in life and agricultural production. Thus, the subproject in Henan Province has been implemented according to the gender action plan.

4. Heilongjiang Province

The actual LAR impacts of the Heilongjiang subproject has been carefully screened and identified during implementation. It was categorized as C in terms of involuntary resettlement.

The subproject in Heilongjiang has been classified as category B in terms of indigenous peoples. Two EMDPs, including for Duerbote Mongol Autonomous County and Hailin County, have been prepared in 2013.

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5. Jilin Province

The subproject in Jilin Province was categorized as C in terms of involuntary resettlement and B regarding indigenous peoples. Two EMDPs, including for the cities of Dunhua and Helong, have been prepared in 2013.

6. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

The subproject includes irrigation construction, agricultural measures, ecological measures, modern agriculture demonstration, and farmers’ capacity building, and project management. Since all the project engineering items are small structures for field irrigation, and the construction and improvement were done based on originally existing canals, there is nothing to do with LAR.

Four project counties were involved with ethnic minorities, in which the EMDP is highly respected to make sure that the ethnic people take part in the project implementation and training at designated percentage.

The subproject was categorized as C in terms of involuntary resettlement and B in terms of indigenous peoples during implementation.

7. Yunnan Province

The subproject in Yunnan Province was categorized as C in terms of involuntary resettlement and B regarding indigenous peoples.

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III. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Heilongjiang Province

1. Overview of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan

The EMDPs were prepared after consultation and negotiation with ethnic minority groups, local governments, and their respective departments according to the social and poverty assessment report of the project TA team. These EMDPs were prepared to (i) promote that the ethnic minorities can participate in the project preparation and implementation, (ii) ensure that ethnic minorities can benefit from the project, and (iii) reduce the poverty situation of ethnic minorities and the negative impacts as much as possible. The EMDPs have illustrated the (i) population, and social and cultural characteristics of ethnic minority groups in the project area; (ii) needs of ethnic minority groups; (iii) impacts of the project on ethnic minority groups; (iv) measures to ensure equal benefits of ethnic minority groups ,and mitigate any adverse impact; (v) measures to improve living standards, reduce poverty, and protect culture and traditions of ethnic minorities; and (vi) assistance measures for vulnerable groups, and action plans to mitigate the negative impacts.

2. Project Progress and Changes

Hailin City. As of beginning of 2017, five contract packages have been completed, including 4 civil engineering contract packages and 1 goods contract package. One civil engineering contract package has been completed in 2016. Hailin City did not carry out any construction in the first half of 2017.

Dumeng County. All the contents of the five-year plan have been completed by Dumeng County. Dumeng County has completed all the construction activities by December 2015.

There are no changes of project components during implementation in these two counties.

3. Implementation Progress of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans

(i) Implementation Progress of Proposed Activities in the Ethnic Minority Development Plans

The skill and capacity of ethnic minorities have been strengthened through training and education, including the following:

a. The water management test and demonstration in fields have been conducted twice, and the farmer field investigation has been conducted three times; and the irrigation management training of relevant county government departments has been conducted twice;

b. The test and demonstration of grain crops in fields have been conducted twice, and the farmer field investigation has been conducted three times; the test and demonstration of economic crops in fields have been conducted twice, and the farmer field investigation has been conducted three times; and the crop cultivation

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and management training of relevant county government departments have been conducted twice;

c. The market knowledge training has been carried out for the staff of the organic rice association and other FPAs twice.

d. The special training has been carried out twice through combining the relevant training projects.

(ii) Effectiveness Evaluation of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation

Good effectiveness of the EMDP implementation has been achieved under the effective organization and leadership of SOCAD, the Heilongjiang POCAD, and the Hailin and Dumeng City/County Offices for CAD (COCADs), as well as active participation of local people. The implementation of the subproject has increased the irrigated area, adjusted the local planting structure, increased the income of local people, and improved the irrigation channels through improving the irrigation mode while simultaneously saving the water resources, directly decreasing the agricultural input of local farmers, and reducing the economic burden. Due to the implementation of the subproject, job opportunities have been provided to the local people directly; and the employment opportunities have been increased. The agricultural skill of local people, especially women and ethnic minorities, have been significantly improved through the skill trainings, which are conducive to the economic and cultural development of local people, especially the ethnic minorities.

As of 30 June 2017, totally 1,298 ethnic minorities have attended the skill trainings in Heilongjiang Province, providing 12 jobs in the two project counties. During project implementation, no complaint was received yet, as shown in Table 3. The implementation of the subproject profoundly impacts on the development of the ethnic minorities, e.g., the per capita income increased by nearly CNY1,000.

The implementation monitoring results of the EMDPs in Hailin City and Dumeng County are shown in Tables 1–3.

Table 1: Basic Implementation Information on Ethnic Minorities in Heilongjiang Province (As of 30 June 2017)

Project Areas

Interview and Discussion Skill Trainings

Complaint

Received Times Time Content Headcount

Ethnic

Minorities

Provided Job

Opportunities

Mudanjiang,

Hailin Xin’an

irrigation area

12

once in

each of

the first

and

second

half of

the year

Project

implement-.

ation

opinion,

comments,

and

problem

5,670 1,118 10 None

Daqing,

Dumeng, Bayan,

Changanchaoer

irrigation area

12 1,200 180 2 None

Total 24 6,870 1,298 12 None

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Table 2: Implementation Monitoring of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan in Hailin City

Action Proposed Monitoring Indicators Implementation Progress

1. Increase the irrigated

area and income

a. Improve the irrigated area

b. Adjust the agricultural

structure

a. Number of improved

irrigated area (unit: mu)a

b. Proportion of industrial

structure adjustment

c. Increased rural per

capita net income in the

project area, especially

the income of vulnerable

groups (including women

and poor people)

a. Improve the irrigated area

(i) 401 ha of farmland under irrigation has been

increased.

(ii) Small irrigation and water conservancy project

with small population and national support

development special fund support

b. Adjust the agricultural structure

(i) The agricultural planting structure has been

adjusted and optimized.

(ii) Entire-village promotion project

(iii) Centralized large-scale planting support project

2. Reduce the agricultural

input and relieve the farms’

burden

a. Save water consumption

and reduce water expenses

b. Save leaking stoppage and

dredging expenses

a. Irrigation expense per

mu

b. Reduced expenses of

farmers for this item

a. The water expense of CNY25,000 has been

saved.

b. The channels have been improved, and the old

channel leaking stoppage and dredging expenses

have been saved.

3. Increase the employment

opportunities

a. Provide the non-technical

jobs to the local people

affected preferentially during

project implementation

b. Ensure that 40% of non-

technical employment

opportunities can be provided

to the vulnerable groups

preferentially, including

women and poor people

a. Proportion of affected

population in non-

technical jobs in the

project area

b. Number of employed

people in the vulnerable

groups (including women

and poor people) in the

non-technical jobs in the

project area during


a. 390 non-technical jobs have been provided during

construction.

b. 270 non-technical jobs have been provided to the

women and poor people.

4. Guarantee the personal

security

a. Personal security

guarantee and insurance of

workers of construction units

b. Set some warning signs

and fences in the villages to

remind the channel dangers

c. Increase the publicity of

security awareness; and carry

out the security awareness

education, especially for the

women and the old who are

responsible for looking after

the children in the family

d. Carry out the security

education in schools to

prevent the occurrence of

danger

a. Safeguard measures

of construction unit

b. Participation records

and safety warning

measures

c. Method and

participation objects, and

number of security

awareness publicity

d. Measure of school for

security education

a. The construction unit was responsible for ensuring

that the construction staff can participate in the

personal insurance or employment injury insurance.

b. The safety warning signs or fences have been

installed at the locations of channels with higher

risks in the project village.

c. The project township government and village

committee were responsible for carrying out the

security education twice in the project village in the

latter half of the year 2016.

d. The security education has been carried out twice

in the primary and secondary schools in the project

area.

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5. Reduce the resettlement

risks

a. Avoid the land acquisition

and resettlement during

project design and

implementation as soon as

possible

b. Provide full compensation

to the groups affected by the

project

c. Maintain the architectural

styles of ethnic minority during

the restoration and

reconstruction of houses

See the resettlement

plan

a. The design unit, project management office, and

resettlement plan preparation unit communicate to

change the project design and avoid the land

acquisition and resettlement.

6. During construction,

protect the people

(including ethnic minority

and the Han people) in the

project area against the

interference of engineering

construction

a. The construction unit

should respect the culture and

living habits of local ethnic

minorities.

b. Adopt the low-noise

construction process and

technology

c. Do not implement

construction at night

d. Comply with the noise

standards strictly

e. Set the “No tooting” signs in

the villages where vehicles

will operate

a. Records of disputes

between construction

units and local people

b. Adopted low-noise

process and technology

during construction

c. Number of

construction times at

night

d. Noise standards

during construction

e. Number of “No tooting”

signs

a. The project village leaders carried out the

education related to the national cultural customs for

the construction unit before construction.

b. The education publicity related to the

environmental protection laws and regulations was

conducted for the construction staff.

c. The approach and construction roads were

watered regularly to prevent flowing dust pollution

and control the environmental quality of the

construction area.

d. The noise of construction site and traffic road was

controlled to reduce the impacts of noise on

surrounding villagers and construction staff, and the

construction staff noise prevention work should be

completed.

e. The household garbage and feces should be

cleared regularly and should not be stacked or

discharged at will.

7. Ensure the convenient

passage of motor vehicles

in the field

a. Ensure the communication

between design unit and

owners and public

participation

b. Adopt some engineering

methods for the channels in

the field, such as adding

cover plates and other

methods, and set roads to

pass in and out the field for

agricultural motor vehicles at

regular intervals

a. Number of public

participation times

b. Measures for

agricultural motor

vehicles to pass in and

out the field

a. During project design and implementation, the

symposium attended by the design unit, construction

unit, project management office, relevant

organizations, and different group (genders, nations,

and incomes) representatives has been carried out

twice; and the main contents of design scheme have

been published to the public.

b. Two axles have been arranged.

8. Sustainable irrigation risk

a. Enough operation

a. Source of operation

management expense

a. The costs and daily expenses of the staff of the

Xin’an Water Affairs Station were paid by the Hailin

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management expense

b. Reduce the water utilization

disputes

b. Water utilization

dispute records and

handling records

County Finance Bureau; and most of the operation

and maintenance expenses were included in the

county finance budget, and the rest was paid by the

farmers who used water.

b. The government and village committee leaders

strengthened the water management mechanism to

guarantee the water supply according to needs and

quantity, ensure the irrigation, improve the water

management level, and reduce the water utilization

disputes.

9. Security awareness and

water-saving awareness

training for women

a. Carry out the training of

personal security in the

channel

b. Carry out the irrigation

water-saving awareness and

method training for women

a. Number of training

times in the village

b. Number of training

times and investigation

times

a. The personal security education in the channel

has been carried out for women in the project village

once.

b. The irrigation water-saving awareness and

method training has been carried out for women in

the project village twice; and the women have been

organized to participate in the water-saving method

and field investigation and study activities twice.

10. Improve population

quality through training and

education

a. Carry out the irrigation

management training

b. Carry out the crop planting

and management training

c. Carry out the education and

publicity of market awareness

(including market operation

and risk awareness)

d. Carry out the water-saving

awareness training

a. Number of irrigation

management training

times and the number of

participants

b–c. Number of

economic crop planting

technology and

management technology

training times and the

number of participants

d. Water-saving publicity

method

a. The field water management test and

demonstration has been conducted twice, and the

farmer field investigation has been conducted three

times; and the irrigation management training of

relevant county government departments has been

conducted twice.

b. The field test and demonstration of grain crops

have been conducted twice, and the farmer field

investigation has been conducted three times; and

the field test and demonstration of economic crops

have been conducted twice, the farmer field

investigation has been conducted three times, and

the crop cultivation and management training of

relevant county government departments have been

conducted twice,

c. The market knowledge training has been carried

out for the staff of the Organic Rice Association and

other farmer professional associations (FPAs) twice.

d. The special training has been carried out twice

through combining the relevant training projects.

11. Crop planting risks

a. Agricultural technology

promotion

b. FPAs

c. Increase the agricultural

natural disaster insurance

awareness and expand the

insurance proportion

d. Provide the timely market

information

e. Absorb the labors to return

to the villages for

entrepreneurship

a. Number of training

times for the agricultural

professional

technological association

officers and farmers

b. and d. Method to

provide agricultural

product market

information

c. and e. Insurance

proportion and number of

labors returning to the

villages

a. The training for agricultural professional

technological association officers and farmers has

been carried out once.

b. and d. The FPAs’ role has been played to provide

the agricultural product market information to

farmers.

c. The labors have been absorbed to return to the

villages for entrepreneurship through expanding the

cultivated area, reducing irrigation cost, adjusting

planting structure, and improving agricultural

benefits.

f. The Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,

Agriculture Bureau, Forestry Bureau, and other

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f. Pest prevention and control f. Number of pest

prevention and control

training times

departments have provided timely pest prevention

knowledge and training, and carried out the training

twice; the Technology Bureau, Agriculture Bureau,

Forestry Bureau, and other departments have

assigned technical personnel to the project village to

guide the farmers to carry out the pest prevention

activity once.

12. Planting technology and

labor skill training for

women

a. Consider the needs of

women during the

implementation of technology

training

b. Carry out the training with

the time and method which

can be accepted by women

c. Carry out the training in the

languages which can be

understood and accepted by

women

a. Number of women

who participate in the

training

b. Training time and

method

c. Languages used in

training

a. The women training need investigation has been

carried out when the various training projects are

conducted, and the women accounts for 55.4% of

the participants of all the training projects.

b. The time needs of women should be respected

during the arrangement of training time; the

education levels of women should be combined; and

the methods which can be accepted by women

easily, such as hand-to-hand field demonstration

training, should be adopted.

c. The planting technology and labor skill training for

women has been conducted three times in Chinese

and Korean languages in the ethnic minority areas.

13. Strengthen the market

awareness and language of

women

a. Ensure that the women can

participate in the FPAs

b. Consider the needs of

women in the market

awareness training

c. Combine the time and

method which can be

accepted by women for

market awareness training

d. Carry out the Putonghua

training for women in the

technology and market

awareness training to improve

their abilities to communicate

with the outside world

a. Number of women

who participate in the

agricultural product

association

b. Measures for social

gender sensitivity in the

market awareness

training

a. The proportion of women in the staff of various

FPAs is not lower than 35.2%.

b. The proportion of women in the market awareness

training participants is not lower than 52.3%.

c. The time needs of women should be respected

during the arrangement of training time; the

education levels and language situations of the

women should be combined during the training; and

the training should be conducted through

demonstration and other comprehensible forms in

the ethnic minority languages by other methods

which can be accepted by women easily.

14. Lack of industrial

structure adjustment

expenses

a. Petty loan, including

providing loan to poor ethnic

minority families and poor

women

b. Support the agricultural

product processing

enterprises

c. Special subsidies for

characteristic agricultural

large-scale plantation

a. Number of people who

obtain petty loan

(including ethnic minority

groups and women)

b. Number of enterprises

supported

c. Special subsidy

expenses for

characteristic agricultural

large-scale plantation

and number of

households

a. The special petty loan for industrial structure

adjustment has been provided to the poor ethnic

minority families and poor women through

government subsidies and other measures.

b. Industrial poverty relief project

c. Agricultural technology promotion project, project

of richening people and strengthening county

through science and technology supported by the

Ministry of Science and Technology, science and

technology promotion project and centralized large-

scale planting support project supported by the

Hailin County Government’s financing fund.

12


15. Promote the

participation of women in

the project

a. Consider the needs and

suggestions of women during

project design

b. Ensure that 40% of non-

technical jobs will be provided

to the vulnerable groups

preferentially, including the

women, during project

implementation

c. Encourage the women to

provide catering, hairdressing,

and other services to the

construction personnel; and

create the employment

opportunities during project

implementation

a. Number of holding

times of women’s

symposium and specific

suggestions during

project design

b. Number of women

employed at the non-

technical jobs during


c. Number of women who

are engaged in the

tertiary industry during


a. During project design, the opinions and

suggestions of women have been taken; and the

women’s representatives and women have been

organized to participate in the relevant meetings.

b. More than 50% of 270 non-technical jobs have

been provided to the women and poor people during

implementation.

a A mu is a Chinese unit of measurement (1 mu = 0.0667 hectares).

Table 3: Implementation Monitoring of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan in Dumeng County

Action Proposed Monitoring Indicators Implementation

Progress

Canal lining of 2.2 kilometers; earthwork of

42,840 cubic meters

Canal lining of 2.2 kilometers; earthwork of

42,840 cubic meters

Completed

Note: More details will be monitored and evaluated in next monitoring report.

13

IV. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Jilin Province

1. Ethnic Minority Development Plans

Two EMDPs prepared in Jilin Province aim to ensure that the ethnic minorities can obtain equal project benefits within ADB’s project areas and reduce the negative impacts to the ethnic minorities through relative measures. Among the 15 project regions, the cities of Dunhua and Helong are situated in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, related to the EMDPs. In Dunhua City, the local ethnic minorities include the Hui, Man, Miao, Mongolia, Xibo, etc. The ethnic minorities account for 7.22% of the total population in these regions. In Helong City, local ethnic minorities include the Hui, Korean, Man, Miao, Mongolia, etc. The minority population account for 53.12% of the total region’s population.

2. Implementation Progress of the Ethnic Minority Development Plans

By June 2017, the EMDPs have been implemented in the cities of Dunhua and Helong. The main activities include skill trainings, disclosure of the project contents, the notification of the project progress, etc. In these two cities, it has trained 3,010 persons, from which 1,156 are women; and their participation rate is 38%. The number of ethnic minorities is 364, with a participation rate of 12%. See the details in Table 4.

More details related to the EMDP implementation will be monitored and evaluated in the next external monitoring report.

Table 4: Implementation Progress of Training Programs under the Ethnic Minority Development Plans in Jilin Province

No.

Project

County Training Content

Additional Training

Number

(person-

days) Women

Ethnic

Minority

1 Dunhua The content of the project implementation,

project progress, etc. 1,500 960 210

2 Helong The content of the project implementation,

project progress, etc. 1,510 506 164

Subtotal 3,010 1,466 374

3 Dunhua Provide advice and training on breeding

techniques 1,500 670 268

4 Helong Provide advice and training on breeding

techniques 1,510 580 231

Subtotal 3,010 1,250 499

Note: More details will be monitored and evaluated in next monitoring report.

14

V. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

1. Overview

Four project counties in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were involved in the EDMP, which is highly respected to make sure that the ethnic minorities can take part in the project implementation and skill trainings at designated percentage. The project implementation contributes to increasing the income of local ethnic minorities, improving their production and livelihood conditions, and upgrading their knowledge and skills in agricultural production. For instance, 3,139 people among the total population of 4,180 people in Lingwu subproject area are Hui Muslims, amounting for 75.1%. The skill trainees in Wuzhong subproject area included 316 Hui Muslims. The percentage of the Hui Muslims in the eight project counties is about 44.2%.

2. Participation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Training and Construction

See the details of ethnic minorities’ participation in project training and construction in Table 5.

Table 5: Participation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Training and Construction

3. Achievements of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan

See the main achievements of ethnic minorities development in Table 6.More details related to the EMDP implementation will be monitored and evaluated in the next external monitoring report.

Table 6: Achievements of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan

No. Items Target Achieved Addition

1 Lining up irrigation canals 100% 100% completed

2 Per capita disposable income (CNY/RMB) 8,500 9,954 1,454

3 Off-farm worker (No.) 4,702 5,432 730

4 WUA member (No.) 1,203 1,237 79

5 Member of specifies cooperatives (No.) 683 692 19

6 Training (MM) 320 336.8 34

CNY = Chinese yuan, RMB = Renminbi, WUA = water user association.

Note: More details will be monitored and evaluated in the next monitoring report.

Training of Ethnic Minorities (No.) Direct Participants in the Project Construction (No.)

Previous Period

Current

Period

Accumu-

lation

Previous Period Current Period Accumulation

Total Ethnic Total Ethnic Total Ethnic

Helan 55 0 55 220 70 0 0 220 70

Lingwu 655 0 655 224 186 0 0 224 186

Yongning 20 0 20 197 73 0 0 197 73

Pingluo 0 0 0 278 0 51 2 329 2

Wuzhong 228 286 534 214 85 0 0 214 85

Qingtongxia 47 35 82 259 80 38 14 297 94

Zhjongwei 0 0 0 219 0 52 1 271 1

NARB 176 65 241 192 60 39 8 231 68

Total 1,181 386 1,587 1,716 537 180 25 1,983 579

15

VI. Monitoring on the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation in Yunnan Province

1. Overview

Most of the ethnic minority communities in Yunnan Province are located in remote areas, and their economic development level are relatively backward. As a result, the development of ethnic minorities has obtained special attention and support from the government and society. The PMOs of ADB project at all levels are extremely concerned about the implementation of the EMDPs in the project areas and expect to bring benefits of development to the ethnic minorities through the project implementation.

The ethnic minorities in the project areas in Yunnan Province are mainly distributed in four counties: Er’yuan County; Heqing County; Mang City; and Yulong County, where the ethnic minorities are the main population in these project areas. At the commencement of the project, five counties, including Er’yuan, Heqing, Yao’an, Yiliang, and Yulong counties, submitted their EMDPs to the Yunnan POCAD; and reported their implementation details semiannually.

In other project counties with some ethnic minorities, although the population of ethnic minorities is not so big; and the beneficiary in the counties with numerous ethnic minorities is less than 7%, they also pay attention to the development of these ethnic minorities. During the implementation of the project, certain attention had been paid to the development of the ethnic minorities, including their traditional customs and cultures.

More details related to the EMDP implementation will be monitored and evaluated in the next external monitoring report.

2. Summaries of the Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation Monitoring

In short, the monitoring findings of the EMDP implementation in Yunnan Province can be summarized as follows:

(i) In Yunnan project areas, the 45 counties inhabited by ethnic minorities have implemented the approved EMDPs; and the rest of the counties with ethnic minorities also strictly implemented the agreed activities in the EMDPs. The subproject in Yunnan Province pays great attention to the ethnic minorities’ participation rights and their benefits, and realizes the parallel development of the ethnic minorities therein with equal benefits.

(ii) The implementation of the subproject in Yunnan Province has obtained great support from the local government departments, and also the support and assistance from the local ethnic minorities and residents. Some of them directly participated in the coordination and management of the subproject, especially in the areas inhabited by the ethnic minorities, to push forward the development and prosperity of the ethnic minorities in a prominent position.

(iii) Under the leadership of local governments and with the joint efforts of the masses, the implementation of the subproject in Yunnan Province further improves the water conservancy, infrastructure, and other living conditions; and increases the proportion of tractor ploughing and scientific planting proportion in the project areas. It not only increases the grain yield, the yield of cash crops, and the economic incomes; but also improves the overall knowledge levels of the ethnic minorities, and the comprehensive development capacity of the villagers. The economic development at the ethnic minority villages has achieved remarkable development

16

fruits.

(iv) During the planning and implementation of the subproject in Yunnan Province, ethnic minorities have been fully consulted and considered with their views, without any directly or indirectly affecting the dignity, human rights, and cultures of the ethnic minorities, to ensure that their lives and cultural traditions can be sustained. The implementation of the project enables them to increase revenues and improve living conditions, so that they actively participate in the implementation of the subproject.

(v) After the construction of the project, it not only improves the water conservancy facilities; but saves the water consumption of irrigation. The percentage of tractor-plowing area will reach 100%. The labor force in rural areas will have more opportunities to find jobs outside, expand their horizons, and increase revenues.

(vi) In multi-ethnic minority areas, it is available to promote rural economic and social development through the construction of agricultural infrastructure. The improvement of agricultural infrastructure can reduce production costs and increase economic efficiency. Therefore, the Hui and Yi nationalities in the project area can benefit from improving economy the same as the other nationalities in the project areas. In the project areas, it can fully reflect the equality of all nationalities, the equal benefits, and the harmonious living conditions.

(vii) The subproject in Yunnan Province made good efforts in skills training. Yunnan Province has accumulatively organized 190 farmers per month to join in the training for 22 times. There are totally 3,900 farmers who participated in the training, including 1,640 females, accounting for 42.1%; 1,592 ethnic minorities, accounting for 40.9%; and 472 poor people, accounting for 12.1%. It has accumulatively organized 140 farmers per month to join in the concentrated training, and the accumulative training and inspection of farmers’ cooperatives reached 50 persons per month.

(viii) There are many mountainous and semi-mountainous areas in Yunnan Province. Farmers in the ethnic minority areas were engaged in a single industry. The main source of income is farming due to the constraints of topographic conditions; while the production of grain and commercial crops was not high, and the income of farmers was fairly low. After the implementation of the subproject, it further improved the agricultural infrastructure in the project areas. The original situation of “field relying on rain” turned into high-yield farmland within four planting seasons, and the efficiency of agricultural production was improved significantly. At the same time, it also promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure; increased the effective supply of agricultural products; and promoted the development of rural farming. The ethnic minorities’ rental and labor incomes were greatly improved, and they can work and earn revenues without working outside. It increased the avenues of the ethnic minorities and reduced the poor population to a certain extent.

17

VII. Information Disclosure, Public Participation, Consultations, and Grievance Redress

1. Heilongjiang Province

During the project implementation in Heilongjiang Province, effective ways of information disclosure and grievance redress mechanism (GRM) have been established to ensure that the relevant information in the operation of the management system will be timely communicated, participated, and negotiated and given feedback. No complaints from the masses and other events have been received in the past 3 years.

Before construction, the management staff of various project areas has organized farmers and villagers’ representatives to hold a meeting to listen their opinions and suggestions widely. Before the formal commencement, the PMOs notified the project implementation units, construction units, design units, supervision units, and other stakeholders; and contacted the project information on all village billboards. At the same time, the POCADs and the COCADs have assigned focal persons to take charge of the land occupation and internal adjustment and/or compensation works. If there is any doubt or dissatisfaction in the project construction process, affected persons can report and appeal to the project management departments at all levels. No complaint has been received so far.

See the public participation records in two ethnic minority counties in Tables 7 and 8.

18

Table 7: Records of Public Participation Activities of the Ethnic Minority Population in Hailin City

Participating

Activity

Theme Village Date Site

Number of

Participants

Number

of

Women

Number

of Ethnic

Minority

People

Number

of Poor

People Activity Contents

Opinions or

Suggestions of the

Masses

Response

Measures and

Effects

Intentions of

the masses

Sanjiazi

Village

July 21,

2016

Sanjiazi

villager’s

house

183 92 80 4

Household

investigation.

Understand the

basic information of

land and education,

and attitudes and

intentions of the

masses on the

project.

Most of the masses

support the project

construction and

think that the project

construction will

benefits the local

economic

development.

Irrigation

expense Sanjiazi

July 22,

2016

Sanjiazi

Village

Committee

65 24 50 4

Understand the

payment ability and

intension in the

aspects of irrigation

costs, intermarriage,

planting differences,

participation in social

affairs, social gender

division of labor,

water user

association, and

other relevant

situations of ethnic

minority groups in

the village.

Among the

interviewees, 34.8

think that the water

price is too high;

42% think that the

water price is a little

high, but it can be

accepted; 18.8%

think that the water

price is normal; and

45.7% are willing to

pay the irrigation

price of CNY30–

CNY50 per mu and

think that the price is

reasonable.a

Ensure that the

agricultural

production input of

farmers in the project

area will not increase

under the positive

effects caused by the

project, and reduce

the burden caused

by too much

agricultural

production input of

farmers.

Land

acquisition

Sanjiazi

Village

July 22,

2016

Sanjiazi

Village

Committee

65 24 50 4

On some road

sections of irrigation

and drainage system

of project, the

existing lines need

to be straightened;

and thus, the limited

farmland may be

occupied; and so,

there is a need to

know the attitude of

affected residents.

Most of the villagers

express their

support to the limited

engineering land

occupation, and the

villagers will benefit

from the project as

long as the impacts

can be relieved in

fair ways.

For the affected

residents, adopt the

fair compensation

ways to make all

residents benefit

from the project

19

Participating

Activity

Theme Village Date Site

Number of

Participants

Number

of

Women

Number

of Ethnic

Minority

People

Number

of Poor

People Activity Contents

Opinions or

Suggestions of the

Masses

Response

Measures and

Effects

Organizational

training

Sanjiazi

Village

September

20, 2016

Sanjiazi

Village

Committee

200 112 156 4

Through the

technology training

of planting industry,

security knowledge

training, and key

training for women

and poor people,

enable the residents

to understand the

security and

production

technology

knowledge

The masses study

the training contents

carefully with higher

participation

initiative.

a A mu is a Chinese unit of measurement (1 mu = 0.0667 hectares).

Table 8: Records of Public Participation Activities of Ethnic Minority Population in Dumeng County

Participating

Activity Theme Village Date Site

Number of

Participants

Number of

Women

Number of

Ethnic Minority

People

Number of

Poor People

Activity

Contents

Opinions or

Suggestions of

the Masses

Response

Measures and

Effects

Rice planting Taihe

Village 2016

Project

area 1,720 560 230 63

Rice

production Approval

Per capita

increased income

of CNY560

20

2. Jilin Province

During project implementation in Jilin Province, effective ways of information disclosure, public participation, and the GRM have been established to ensure that the relevant information in the operation of the management system will be timely communicated, participated, and negotiated and given feedback. No complaints from the masses and other events have been received in the past 3 years.

3. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

(i) Information Disclosure

Before the project construction in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, communication and public consultation were carried out with the related local townships and villages on the engineering scopes and activities. Throughout the project construction, the project scope, contents, and progress were publicized. The local villagers, including the ethnic minorities and women, actively participated in the project. Some of the project information disclosure were illustrated in the Table 9.

Table 9: Project Information Disclosure in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Date Activity Participant Participant No. Results

1. Wuzhong

2015/3/2 Publicize project items and quantity in each village

5 villages 257 Information publicity of the project



2015/10/26 Publicize the results of agricultural demonstration

2 villages 57 Extension of improved varieties of maize

2016/3/22 Publicize the results of balanced fertilizer application and livestock feeding with crop residues


2017/1/16 Publicize the results of balanced fertilizer application and livestock feeding with crop residues


2. Qingtongxia


Project villages villagers Information publicity of the project

2016/12/10 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution 2 villages villagers Consensus of fertilizer distribution

3. Zhongwei

2017/1/10 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution Project villages villagers Consensus of fertilizer distribution

4.Pingluo


6 villages 312 persons Information publicity of the project

2015/1/13 Publicize the project achievements in 2014

6 villages 129 persons Information publicity of the project



2017/1/10 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution 6 villages villagers Consensus of fertilizer distribution

5.Nongken


Project villages 68 Information publicity of the project

2017/1/10 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution Project villages 127 Consensus of fertilizer distribution

21

Date Activity Participant Participant No. Results

6. Yongning



2017/3/10 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution 2 villages 62 Consensus of fertilizer distribution

2017/3/7 Publicize name list of fertilizer distribution 2 villages 53 Consensus of fertilizer distribution

(ii) Public Consultations

Ningxia POCAD pays much attention to collect opinions from the local people, including the ethnic minorities and women. After comprehensive analysis, the reasonable opinions were accepted to make sure that the project design was based on reality. Qingtongxia PMO sticks to a mechanism of weekly joint meeting, in which the employer, the contractor, engineering team leaders, supervisors, township leader, village heads, and local representatives were acknowledged; and they discussed the construction progress, quality control, and safety measures, as well as the management of the issues which the local people pointed out. For instance, from 11 March 2015 to 22 April 2016, the local people pointed out some problems, such as (i) some joint fillings were not qualified; (ii) some cross sections were not big enough; and (iii) the canal gradient of some sections were not proper. When they were found and justified, rectification notices were issued immediately. Concealed engineering was photographed and publicized on the Ningxia POCAD’s website. Each of the supervisors, employer representatives, project managers, and quality control staff were requested to publicize at least two photos every day on the website for the convenience of public supervision, information disclosure, and mutual comparison.

By means of project training, cooperatives, and associations, the local people were mobilized to participate in the project. There are villager supervisors in all the project villages in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and they were encouraged to supervise the project construction progress and quality. In this way, the concerns of the villagers were timely collected and addressed, and the villagers participated in the whole process of the project implementation.

The public consultations were illustrated in the Table 10.

Table 10: Public Consultations in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Date Activity Participant

Participant

No. Results

1. Yongning

2012/10/21

Search for

feedback on

ADB’s project

feasibility report

COCAD, heads of

Ninghua and Xishao

villages

8

Search for comments and proposals from

the proposed project villages

2013/1/18 Mobilization for

the ADB project

COCAD, heads of the

township and villages,

contractors

15

Preliminary decision on the engineering

types and quantity; consultations on the

engineering schedule and requirements

2014/1/15–16 Consultation on

labor contribution

Villager

representatives of the

Ninghua and Xishao

villages

127

Consensus on implementing the ADB

project in 2014 and agreement on labor

contribution

2014/12/10

Search for

opinions of the

project people

COCAD, village heads,

villager representatives 15

Search for comments on engineering

quality and design

22


Participant

No. Results

2015/12/14 Meeting of project

representatives

COCAD, project

supervisor, contractor,

village heads and

villager representatives

23

Discuss the problems in hydraulic

construction as well as artificial damages;

search for solutions


representatives

COCAD, contractors to

rent farmland, village

heads, villager

representatives

26

Consensus on the management of

hydraulic structures and the distribution

of organic fertilizers

2017/3/7

Organic fertilizer

distribution

programs and

services

Land reclamation

project leader,

professional

cooperatives and large

grain growers

9

After discussion, to reach an opinion on

the formation of organic fertilizer and the

number of people

2. Wuzhong

2012/10/9

Search for

feedback on

ADB’s project

feasibility report

COCAD, heads of 7

villages 24




the ADB project

COCAD, township

heads, heads of 7

villages, engineering

contractors

19





labor contribution

Heads and villager

representatives of 7

villages

167



contribution

2014/12/3

Search for

opinions of the

project people

COCAD, heads and


of 7 villages

15 Search for comments on engineering

quality and design


representatives

COCAD, project


village heads and


23





representatives

COCAD, village heads,

villager representatives 28

Consensus on the management of

hydraulic structures and the distribution

of organic fertilizers

3. Qingtongxia


the ADB project

COCAD, township

heads, heads of 7


contractors

19





labor contribution

Heads and villager


villages

107



contribution

2015/4/2

Consultation on

planting

ecological forests

COCAD, heads and

villager representatives 18 Consensus on planting ecological forests


representatives

COCAD, project


village heads and


23




23


Participant

No. Results

2017/2/20

Ask construction

advice for the

current year

County Agricultural

Development Office in

charge, 2017 project

supervision,

construction side,

village cadres, and


13

On the proposed project, to seek the

project area village cadres; and ask their

views and suggestions

4. Helan

2012/10/14

Search for

feedback on

ADB’s project

feasibility report

COCAD, heads of 4

villages 16




the ADB project

COCAD, township

heads, heads of 4


contractors

21





labor contribution

Heads and villager


villages

158



contribution

2014/11/5

Search for

opinions of the

project people

COCAD, heads and


of 4 villages

15 Search for comments on engineering

quality and design

2015/1/5 Consultation on

labor contribution

Heads and villager


villages

152



contribution


representatives

COCAD, project


village heads and


23

Discuss on engineering quality,

rectification notices released to mend up

the defects


representatives

COCAD, project


village heads and


19




5. Pingluo


labor contribution

COCAD, township

heads, heads and


of 6 villages

117



contribution


labor contribution

COCAD, heads and


of 6 villages

102



contribution


labor contribution

Villager

representatives 32 Village general meeting

2017/1/15

Ask construction

advice for the

current year

County Agricultural



supervision,

construction side,

village cadres and


11


project area village cadres and village

cadres of the views and suggestions

6. Lingwu

24


Participant

No. Results

2012/9/17

Consultations on

the items and

standards of the

project

construction

COCAD, village heads

and villager

representatives

18 Consensus on the items and standards of

the project construction

2017/3/6

Using methods

and service

content of

professional

cooperatives

agricultural

equipment

Farming project leader

Luo Yongfeng,

professional

cooperatives principal

5

After discussion, the construction of

agricultural equipment service content

and price

7. NARB

2012/8/10

Consultations on

the items and

standards of the

project

construction


and villager

representatives

17 Consensus on the items and standards of

the project construction

2015/9/24 Distribution of

organic fertilizers


and villager

representatives

12 Consensus on the distribution of organic

fertilizers

2017/2/20

Ask construction

advice for the

current year

County Agricultural



supervision,

construction side,

village cadres and


10


project area village cadres and ask their


8. Zhongwei


labor contribution


and villager

representatives

148 Consensus on the distribution of organic

fertilizers


project items


and villager

representatives

18 Consensus on engineering types,

locations and quantity

2015/2/25

Consultation on

environment

management at

engineering sites


and villager

representatives

26 Consensus of villagers to cooperate

2017/3/1

Ask construction

advice for the

current year

County Agricultural



supervision,

construction side,

village cadres and


9


project area village cadres and ask their


(iii) Grievance Redress Mechanism

As required by the EMDF, a GRM has been established in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The information of the GRM, in addition to the phone numbers and contact people of the

25

COCADs, were publicized in the project areas to make sure that the GRM process will be smooth throughout the project implementation. Up to now, the COCADs have received some complaints. For instance, on 28 March 2015, the Lingwu COCAD received a complaint from the Xinli Village, saying that the designed cross-section of one of the irrigation canals was D = 0.6 meters; and due to more branches, the water supply could not satisfy the demands. After the on-the-spot investigation by the design unit, the supervision unit, and the employer, it was concluded that the complaint was justified; and the original design of D = 0.6 meters was enlarged to D = 0.8 meters. Nowadays, the canal operates smoothly. Before project implementation, the Pingluo COCAD publicized the staff list and phone numbers of the GRM focal persons in addition to the information of scale and investment. By 30 June 2017, three complaints were received. One complaint said that the cross-section of an irrigation canal was too small, while the others asked to add bridges and hydraulic structures over canals. Upon the on-the-spot investigation and discussion among the project offices, the design unit, and the supervision unit, the design was improved based on real need; and the complaints were given feedback in time. The farmers were 100% satisfied with the solution.

4. Yunnan Province

The Yunnan POCAD and the local PMOs pay much attention to public participation through the development of farmers’ cooperatives and water user associations, etc. in which the ethnic minorities have a high participation rate.

The development of farmers’ self-service organizations is an innovation during project implementation. Although there is no funding to support the associations in the project, the operation and growth of these associations are closely related to the implementation of the ADB project. The establishment and development of these farmers’ self-service organizations are inseparable with the support and promotion by the ADB project. The subproject in Yunnan Province attached the importance on farmers’ capacity building and project management; training of farmers; support to the farmers’ cooperatives, the FPAs, and the WUAs; and training of project management personnel. It has accumulatively completed the training and inspection of the farmers’ cooperatives for 50 persons per month.

(i) Water User Associations of the Farmers

There are WUAs of the farmers in almost all of the project counties in Yunnan Province. These WUAs of the farmers manage and control both the production water and the domestic water, and are affiliated to the Water Management Institutes. The heads of each village group participate in management. For production water, it will take in CNY15–CNY20 annually per acre as the reward of administrator. Each village group shall dispatch voluntary labor to dredge ditches and conduct small repairing works. The Tianyuan Town in Changning County hands in the formed capital of irrigation and drainage project to the WUAs of the farmers to hold and manage, through the subsidy from the superior and the collection from the masses (CNY20 per mu as management and protection fund). It hires specially-assigned persons to take responsibility for the daily management and protection to ensure the long-term benefit of the project to play.

(ii) Vegetable Associations of the Farmers

There are vegetable associations only in Zhaoyang District, Yiliang County; and several important vegetable-producing areas, with normal organizational management and charter. The members need to apply for membership and pay membership dues. The associations not only regulate the vegetable cultivation plans of members, but also organize marketing activities. Members are mostly women. The experts and able women in planting are the core strength of the vegetable associations. These associations often organize training of new technology for

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planting and pest control techniques for members. For example, the Liqun Vegetable Association of the Zhaoyang District in Zhaotong City has 402 members, with an area of 3,000 acres for their activities and experiment. The yield of vegetable pea is 1,000 kilograms per mu, CNY5 per catty, planted in three seasons, and the output value reaches CNY15,000 per mu. They also regularly organize technology trainings of vegetable cultivation, and the participants are mostly women.

(iii) Agricultural Machinery Associations

The agricultural machinery association is a professional association led and organized by the local agricultural machinery management and marketing department. There are agricultural machinery associations in the ADB project areas, which are suitable for mechanical works. The enrollees need to pay a certain amount of membership dues. After the formal enrollment in the associations, members can enjoy free training of agricultural machinery technology, high amount of preferential price for agricultural machinery purchase, and preferential price for machinery repair at the special repairing outlet. The membership of the agricultural machinery association was greatly increased due to the implementation of the ADB project. The formation of agricultural road network under the ADB project is the boosting power for the development of the agricultural machinery associations in the project areas.

(iv) Case Study

One of the training program of the FPAs in Yiliang County is for nut production in greenhouses and for a marketing professional cooperative of Yiliang County, which was located in the hot spring community in the project area. At present, the cooperative is the only national-level FPA in Yiliang County; founded in 2011; with 229 participating households across the province; and mainly engaged in the one-stop service of production, supply, and marketing of chestnut, fresh corn, peas, and sweet pepper. It is truly the agricultural representatives, realizing the industry convergence of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries; and has a strong drive effect in Yiliang County. There was a training for 50 participants selected from the large growers and members in the FPAs in the project area, including 28 women, accounting for 56% of the total population of training. The training content was based on the systematic training around the policy of aiding agriculture and benefiting farmers, the quality and safety of agricultural products, the electronic commerce of agricultural products, vegetable production, fruit production, grain production technology and marketing, etc. According to the FPAs, it has specially formulated the following training courses, including the “Reader on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products”, “Farmers’ Cooperatives Creation and Management”, “Agricultural E-commerce”, “Cultivation Technology of Fresh Corn”, etc. With the use of power point courseware, network media, and other methods through the intuitive form, the FPAs enabled women and the ethnic minorities to learn the field management skills, the operation of cultivation technology, and the key methods to deal with the purchase and sale of agricultural products, in the process of watching pictures and videos. Then, they were familiarized with the important roles of cooperatives in the production, supply, and marketing of agricultural products. The training improved the degree of organization of farmers. At the same time, it also promoted the transfer of labor force in the project area; and provided more employment opportunities for women, and a wide range of demonstration effects for the development of the non-project areas.

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IX. Conclusions and Recommendations

1. Conclusions of the Ethnic Minority Development Framework and/or Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation

In general, the project in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Yunnan, which where inhabited by ethnic minorities, have paid much importance on the implementation of the EMDF and the EMDPs which were approved by ADB. The ethnic minorities in the project areas were equally and widely benefited from the project; while their traditional customs, cultures, and religions were strictly respected and protected. Based on the monitoring and evaluation done in the four project participating provinces, it can be concluded that

(i) In the four project participating provinces, the POCADs and the COCADs have implemented the approved EMDF and EMDPs. All the subprojects in these four provinces paid great attention to the ethnic minorities’ participation rights and their benefits, and realized the parallel development of the ethnic minorities therein with equal benefits.

(ii) With the joint efforts of the masses, the implementation of the subprojects in the four provinces significantly improved the water conservancy, infrastructure, and other living conditions in the ethnic minority areas; and increased the proportion of tractor ploughing and scientific planting proportion in the project areas. The improvement of agricultural infrastructure reduced the production costs and increased the economic efficiency. It not only increased the grain yield, the yield of cash crops, and the economic incomes of the ethnic minorities; but also improved the overall knowledge levels and the comprehensive development capacity of of the ethnic minorities. Skill trainings have been provided to the ethnic minorities; and the farmers’ self-service organizations, such as the farmers’ cooperatives and the WUAs, have been developed to strengthen the cooperation among local residents, including the ethnic minorities. So, the economic development in the ethnic minority villages has achieved remarkable development fruits. The labor force in the ethnic minority areas will have more opportunities to find jobs outside, expand their horizons, and increase revenues.

(iii) The implementation of the subproject in the four provinces has obtained great support from local government departments, and also the support and assistance from the local ethnic minorities and residents. Some ethnic minorities directly participated in the coordination and management of the subproject, especially in the areas inhabited by them, to push forward their development and prosperity in a prominent position.

(iv) During the planning and implementation of the subprojects in the four provinces, the ethnic minorities have been fully consulted and their views considered and without any direct or indirect effects to their dignity, human rights, and cultures, to ensure that their lives and cultural traditions can be sustained. The implementation of project enabled them to increase revenues and improve their living conditions; and so, they actively participated in the implementation of the subproject.

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2. Recommendations of the Ethnic Minority Development Framework and/or Ethnic Minority Development Plan Implementation

To further and better implement the EMDF and the EMDPs of the project in the four provinces, and improve the monitoring and evaluation works on the EMDPs, the following actions were recommended:

(i) SOCAD should organize more training and guidance on the implementation and monitoring, including internal and external, of the EMDF and EMDPs, with the assistance to social consultant to be engaged in early 2018;

(ii) Unified monitoring and evaluation forms with more detailed monitoring indicators should be prepared and applied in the four project provinces related to the ethnic minorities to ensure collection of data and indicators on all the key-agreed activities and targets; as well as socioeconomic development in the EMDF and the EMDPs can be collected to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the project in the ethnic minority areas; and

(iii) A consolidated social monitoring report, including the contents of land occupation and compensation, land use rights transfer, the EMDF and EMDP implementation, the gender action plan implementation, etc., should be prepared and submitted to ADB based on provincial external social monitoring reports, with assistance of the social consultant to be hired by SOCAD.

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Appendixes:

Appendix 1: Monitoring Photos of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Pic 1. Project hydraulic structure.

Pic 2. A road project.

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Pic 3. Rice paddy in the project area.

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Pic 5. A Muslim Hui woman and her handcrafted cross embroidery.

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Pic 6. Organic fertilizer distribution list.

Pic 7. Ethnic minority people in training.

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Pic 8. Women at the engineering site.

Pic 9. Organic fertilizer distribution publicity.

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Pic 10. The office of contradiction adjustment established in Zhongwei.

Pic 11. The project publicity of Pingluo Subproject.

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Pic 12. Biological organic fertilizer distribution publicity of Yongning.

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Pic 13. Land transfer in the project area of Helan Province.

Pic 14. Demonstration achievements of agricultural science and technology demonstration.

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Pic 15. Information publicity in Pingluo Subproject.

Pic 16. Project office, engineering, and technical personnel technical staff, and village cadres project before the consultation program.

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Pic 17. Straw returned to the field.

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Appendix 2: Monitoring Photos of Yunnan Province

(1) Implementation of the Projects

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(2) Beneficiary Crops

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(3) Water User Associations

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(4) Interview Situations

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People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural ... · For these six participating project provinces, there are 24.39 million ethnic minority persons who account for 8.6%

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