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PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
A PERSON IN BOTH A WEEK AND WALDEN:
SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND, LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
PEOPLE OFWALDEN
WALDEN: No, no; if the fairest features of the landscape are
tobe named after men, let them be the noblest and worthiest
menalone. Let our lakes receive as true names at least as the
IcarianSea, where “still the shore” a “brave attempt resounds.”
WILLIAM DRUMMOND
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2 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
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December 13: William Drummond was born. He would be Laird of
Hawthornden in Midlothian, “a sweet and solitary seat, and very fit
and proper for the muses.” If you will allow me to play the popular
game “Seven Steps to Kevin Bacon,” an activity in which these
Drummonds of Scotland dearly loved to engage: this laird’s mother,
Susanna Fowler, was a daughter of Sir William Fowler, who was
secretary to the Queen of England (BINGO), his father, Sir John
Drummond of Hawthornden, would before he died become a gentleman
usher to King James VI (BIGBINGO), and these dudes, who were
remotely related to various royals, were in fact all the remote
descendants of Walter de Drummond, who had been, dum de dum dum, a
clerk-register to the Bruce (SUPERBINGO).
1585
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Sir William Drummond graduated from Tounis College (now the
University of Edinburgh).
1605
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4 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
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Sir William Drummond studied the civil law, at Bourges in
France.
1607
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Sir William Drummond studied at Paris.
1608
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Sir William Drummond’s TEARS ON THE DEATH OF MELIADES.
At this point William Alexander struck up a correspondence with
this Scottish poet. They would become lifelong intimate
friends.
1613
SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER
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Sir William Drummond’s POEMS, AMOROUS, FUNEREALL, DIVINE,
PASTORALL IN SONNETS, SONGS, SEXTAINS, MADRIGALS.
1614
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March: Sir William Alexander and Sir William Drummond of
Hawthornden met at Menstrie House. These two Scots poets would
become lifelong intimate friends.
It was perhaps in this year that Sir William Drummond of
Hawthornden of Hawthornden authored his “Icarus,” from which Henry
Thoreau would recycle into his lyceum lectures, and then eventually
into his volume WALDEN, fragments of the one line “For still the
shore my brave attempt resounds”:
PEOPLE OFWALDEN
WALDEN: No, no; if the fairest features of the landscape are
tobe named after men, let them be the noblest and worthiest
menalone. Let our lakes receive as true names at least as the
IcarianSea, where “still the shore” a “brave attempt resounds.”
WILLIAM DRUMMOND
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The storyline of this myth is that King Minos, the richest man,
feared that the architect who had just designed an impenetrable
Labyrinth for him, Daedalus, might reveal the secret pathway, and
so had imprisoned the architect and his son Icarus in a high tower.
The architect collected stray pigeon feathers from the windowsill
and bound them with wax, creating wings. As Daedalus and Icarus
made their escape, the father had urged his son to stay safely
close to the ground, but Icarus could not resist his impulse to
soar into the heavens. When the heat of the sun melted the wax,
Icarus plunged into the sea and drowned. Here is the myth as
depicted by Virgil Solis in 1569:
Icarus.
WHile with audatious WingsI cleav’d thofe airie Wayes,And fill’d
( a Monster new ) with Dread and FearesThe feathered People and
their Eagle Kings:Dazell’d with Phœbus Rayes,And charmed with the
Muficke of the Spheares,When Pennes could moue no more, and Force
did faile,I meafur’d with a fall that loftie Bounds:Yet doth
Renowne my Loffes counteruaile,For ftill the Shore my braue Attempt
refounds.A Sea, an Element doth beare my Name,What Mortalls Tombe’s
fo great in Place or Fame.
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WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
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Below is a bronze piece made out of a bust of foolish Icarus
done in plaster in 1894 by Charles Grafly. The artist depicts his
subject at the critical moment as the bands around his arms loosen
and he is realizing that he should have paid attention to his dad
and has doomed himself instantly to plummet from the sky to his
death. “Oh shit, I’m dead!” Ooooooooooooo-splat! Instead of a whole
life as a human being there will be only this distant splash noise
and then only the echoes of this minor splash and then only food
for the fishes and whatever aesthetic memorialization of a splash,
and “that’s all she wrote” for young Icarus!
For a number of modern poems about Icarus, and
illustrations:
http://www.eaglesweb.com/IMAGES/icarus.htm
So, whatever possessed Henry Thoreau, that he inserted a
reference to such goings-on into his WALDEN? Was he merely
littering his text with the usual classical “litterary” allusions?
Is this supposed to be throwaway stuff?
Oh shit,I’m dead!
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I take it to be the usual interpretation which is now placed
upon this reference in standard literary scholarship, that it’s
throwaway stuff. For instance, in a recent effort to “fully
annotate” Thoreau’s work, yes, “fully annotate,” the full annotator
has satisfied himself by reciting the legend of Daedalus and Icarus
and by indicating the source line in the source poem by the source
poet, the Cavalier Poet Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden. Having
done that, he’s through, he’s moved on. Basically, by “explaining”
the passage he’s thrown it away.
That’s it, that’s everything, and, I admit, that would indeed be
everything that might be learned here — if and only if you grant
the presumption that what Henry was up to was, all that Henry was
up to was, that he was dropping the usual sort of casual literary
allusions here and there into his oeuvre — he was merely sexing up
his text with high-classy stuff and proving that he was a
well-read, upper-crust kinda guy! Castles! Classical myths!
Comfortable Cavalier poets inordinately proud of their remote
family blood ties with royalty!
Well, I think not. That is indeed a poor reader’s reaction to
WALDEN.
Take a look at the life of this Cavalier poet dude, Sir William.
Who the hell was he? He was an upper-crust dude who never did a
lick of work in his life and took what we might appropriately term
a cavalier attitude toward that fact, who had inherited a life of
sheer privilege in a rural castle/palace in one of the most bucolic
setting of Scotland and who lived there in nice retirement while
pursuing his cultural interests and cultivating his upward-mobility
friends. He was Henry on Walden Pond writ larger than life. He was
Henry in the shanty but flying high rather than flying under
everybody’s radar. Instead of a pretend bucolic setting with the
smells left by a dead horse and the pottery shards left by a
defunct kiln, a pretend bucolic setting past which the railroad
went choo-choo-choo, this guy had himself a real
multi-thousand-acre estate of prime stuff with a grand palace that
looks like a castle — with not a choo-choo anywhere on the romantic
horizon. On the next screen this setting appears as drawn and
etched by David Law (1831-1901).
Well, what’s not to like about this? Wouldn’t we all like to
live in idle bucolic luxury at Hawthornden and have people suck up
on us? Waldo Emerson would surely have appreciated being able to
have this sort of life of high status and high visibility, rubbing
shoulders with the plentiful kin of the royals as well as with
literary lions of the highest prestige, such as Ben Jonson himself
for one fine example! –And, perhaps, this would have been Frederick
Douglass’s dream life as well. Evidently, however, this would not
have been Henry’s dream life, I submit, else he would not have
selected this one line he did select, “For still the shore my brave
attempt resounds,” about the splash made by the fall of the foolish
Icarus, that one line with which to represent this prolific if
cavalier poet. Can you spell irony? What Henry was suggesting, I
think, was that a guy like Drummond, although he was having himself
a very nice existence and white sugar on the table, and writing
really classy and publishable if forgettable poetry, was flying too
high. He was consuming more than his share of the world’s overhead.
This world is in fact not some magic kingdom but instead is a world
of injustice, one in which living that sort of very nice existence
in that sort of very nice castle/palace in that sort of very nice
and bucolic setting cannot be accomplished without complicity, and
guilt. It would inevitably be causing
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someone else somewhere else to live in misery. The Scott
colliers, with black-smudged faces down in their pit, the Negro
slaves in the West Indies, chopping cane under the sun, they’re the
invisible forgotten bottom part of a necessary system of
exploitation that is the only way this sort of high-life ever
becomes possible. But, the hoighty toity dudes are flying too close
to the sun and eventually their wax will need to melt (as in, for
instance, the English Revolution). Better by far it would be for
them to be building their low-rent shanties on some low-rent pond
and devoting their lives to their scholarship without having any
ridiculously excessive impact upon the lives of others — but the
Drummonds and the Emersons of the world are never going to
recognize that as fact.
OK, that’s how I unpack this reference in WALDEN. (Your mileage
may vary.)
The local laird and eligible bachelor poet Sir William
Drummond’s FLOWERS OF SION AND THE CYPRESS GROVE appeared in
Edinburgh. The subject of the poem “A Cypress Grove,” written after
this lute-playing laird’s recovery from a severe illness, was the
sublimest one of all — gee whiz, Death!
1616
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SCOTLAND
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Samuel Daniel’s COLLECTION OF THE HISTORIE OF ENGLAND, FROM THE
EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO THE END OF THE REIGN OF EDWARD III was
continued and published. Late in life the commoner poet threw up
his titular posts at the court of the monarch to retire to a farm
called “The Ridge” which he rented at Beckington, near Devizes in
Wiltshire.
Upon a visit by King James VI to Scotland, his native land, Sir
William Drummond of Hawthornden recited to the royal tourist a
panegyric entitled “Forth Feasting.”
Winter 1618/1619: At about 45 years of age, despite the
trepidations of Lord Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson set out on foot for
a tour of the home of his ancestors, Scotland. During his walking
pilgrimage he honored Sir William Drummond with a visit to his
magic-kingdom Hawthornden estate. Jonson’s frankly offered judgment
of his host’s poems would be that they “were all good, especially
his epitaph on prince Henry; save, that they smelled too much of
the schools, and were not after the fancy of the times: for a
child, said he, may write after the fashion of the Greek and Latin
verses, in running; —yet, that he wished for pleasing the king,
that piece of Forth Feasting1 had been his own.”
Jonson was on a roll. Upon his return, he would receive an
honorary Master of Arts degree from Oxford University, and would be
asked to lecture on rhetoric at Gresham College, London.
1617
1618
1. This “Forth Feasting” had been offered by Sir William as a
panegyric to King James VI on the visit with which that monarch had
favored his native land in the previous year.
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Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden’s FLOWERS OF SION.
NO TRUST IN TYME.LOOK how the flow’r, which ling’ringly doth
fade,The morning’s darling date, the summer’s queen,Spoil’d of that
juice which kept it fresh and green,As high as it did raise, bows
low the head :Just so the pleasures of my life being dead,Or in
their contraries but only seen,With swifter speed declines than
erst it spread,And, blasted, scarce now shews what it hath
been.Therefore, as doth the pilgrim, whom the nightHastes darkly to
imprison on his way,Think on thy home, my soul, and think arightOf
what’s yet left thee of life’s wasting day :
Thy sun posts westward, passed is thy morn,And twice it is not
given thee to be born.
1623
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A WEEK: As it grew later in the afternoon, and we rowed
leisurelyup the gentle stream, shut in between fragrant and
blooming banks,where we had first pitched our tent, and drew nearer
to the fieldswhere our lives had passed, we seemed to detect the
hues of ournative sky in the southwest horizon. The sun was just
settingbehind the edge of a wooded hill, so rich a sunset as would
neverhave ended but for some reason unknown to men, and to be
markedwith brighter colors than ordinary in the scroll of time.
Thoughthe shadows of the hills were beginning to steal over the
stream,the whole river valley undulated with mild light, purer and
morememorable than the noon. For so day bids farewell even to
solitaryvales uninhabited by man. Two herons, Ardea herodias, with
theirlong and slender limbs relieved against the sky, were
seentravelling high over our heads, — their lofty and silent
flight,as they were wending their way at evening, surely not to
alightin any marsh on the earth’s surface, but, perchance, on the
otherside of our atmosphere, a symbol for the ages to study,
whetherimpressed upon the sky, or sculptured amid the hieroglyphics
ofEgypt. Bound to some northern meadow, they held on their
stately,stationary flight, like the storks in the picture,
anddisappeared at length behind the clouds. Dense flocks
ofblackbirds were winging their way along the river’s course, as
ifon a short evening pilgrimage to some shrine of theirs, or
tocelebrate so fair a sunset.
“Therefore, as doth the pilgrim, whom the night Hastes darkly to
imprison on his way,
Think on thy home, my soul, and think aright Of what ’s yet left
thee of life’s wasting day:
Thy sun posts westward, passed is thy morn, And twice it is not
given thee to be born.”
EGYPT
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King Charles I granted a patent to Sir William Drummond of
Hawthornden for the sole making, vending, and exporting of certain
warlike machines of Sir William’s design.
Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden was united in marriage with
Elizabeth Logan, granddaughter to Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig.
There would be several children.
1626
1630
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Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden presented TO THE EXEQUIES OF
THE HONOURABLE SIR ANTONYE ALEXANDER, KNIGHT, &C. A PASTORALL
ELEGIE (Edinburgh, printed in King James his college, by George
Anderson), to which Henry Thoreau would refer in his journal for
1842-1844 and in A WEEK ON THE CONCORD AND MERRIMACK RIVERS.
IN sweetest prime and blooming of his age,Dear Alcon, ravish’d
from this mortal stage,The shepherds mourn’d, as they him lov’d
before.Among the rout, him Idmon did deplore ;Idmon, who, whether
sun in east did rise,Or dive in west, pour’d torrents from his
eyesOf liquid crystal ; under hawthorn shade,At last to trees and
flocks this plaint he made:Alcon! delight of Heaven, desire of
Earth,Offspring of Phœbus, and the Muses’ birth,The Graces’
darling, Adon of our plains,Flame of the fairest nymphs the earth
sustains!What pow’r of thee hath us bereft? what Fate,By thy
untimely fall, would ruinateOur hopes? O Death I what treasure in
one hourHast thou dispersed! how dost thou devourWhat we on earth
hold dearest! All things good,Too envious Heavens, how blast ye in
the bud!The corn the greedy reapers cut not downBefore the fields
with golden ears it crown ;Nor doth the verdant fruits the gardener
pull ;But thou art cropt before thy years were full.
With thee, sweet youth! the glories of our fieldsVanish away,
and what contentments yields.The lakes their silver look, the woods
their shades,The springs their crystal want, their verdure
meads,The years their early seasons, cheerful days ;Hills gloomy
stand, now desolate of rays:Their amorous whispers zephyrs not us
bring,Nor do air’s choristers salute the spring:The freezing winds
our gardens do deflow’r.Ah Destinies, and you whom skies embow’r,To
his fair spoils his spright again yet give,And, like another
phœnix, make him live!The herbs, though cut, sprout fragrant from
their stems,And make with crimson blush our anadems:The sun, when
in the west he doth decline,Heaven’s brightest tapers at his
funerals shine ;His face, when wash’d in the Atlantic seas,Revives,
and cheers the welkin with new rays:Why should not he, since of
more pure a frame,Return to us again, and be the same?But, wretch!
what wish I? To the winds I sendThese plaints and pray’rs:
Destinies cannot lendThee more of time, nor Heavens consent will
thusThou leave their starry world to dwell with us ;Yet shall they
not thee keep amidst their spheresWithout these lamentations and
tears.Thou wast all virtue, courtesy, and worth ;And, as sun’s
light is in the moon set forth,World’s supreme excellence in thee
did shine:Nor, though eclipsed now, shalt thou decline ;But in our
memories live, while dolphins streams
1638
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Shall haunt, while eaglets stare on Titan’s beams,Whilst swans
upon their crystal tombs shall sing,Whilst violets with purple
paint the spring.A gentler shepherd flocks did never feedOn
Albion’s hills, nor sing to oaten reed.While what she found in thee
my muse would blaze,Grief doth distract her, and cut short thy
praise.How oft have we, environ’d by the throngOf tedious swains,
the cooler shades among,Contemn’d Earth’s glow-worm Greatness, and
the chaceOf Fortune scorn’d, deeming it disgraceTo court
inconstancy! How oft have weSome Chloris’ name grav’n in each
virgin tree ;And, finding favours fading, the next dayWhat we had
carv’d we did deface away.Woful remembrance! Nor time nor placeOf
thy abodement shadows any trace;But there to me thou shin’st: late
glad desires,And ye once roses, how are ye turn’d briars
!Contentments passed, and of pleasures chief,Now are ye frightful
horrors, hells of grief !
When from thy native soil Love had thee driven,(Thy safe return
prefigurating) a heavenOf flattering hopes did in my fancy
move;Then little dreaming it should atoms prove.These groves
preserve will I, these loved woods,These orchards rich with fruits,
with fish these floods ;My Alcon will return, and once againHis
chosen exiles he will entertain;The populous city holds him,
amongst harmsOf some fierce Cyclops, Circe’s stronger charms.These
banks, said I, he visit will, and streams ;These silent shades,
ne’er kiss’d by courting beams.Far, far off I will meet him, and I
firstShall him approaching know, and first he blestWith his aspect;
I first shall hear his voice,Him find the same be parted, and
rejoiceTo learn his passed perils; know the sportsOf foreign
shepherds, fawns, and fairy courts.No pleasure like the fields; an
happy stateThe swains enjoy, secure from what they bate :Free of
proud cares they innocently spendThe day, nor do black thoughts
their ease offend ;Wise Nature’s darlings, they live in the
worldPerplexing not themselves how it is hurl’d.These hillocks
Phœbus loves, Ceres these plains.These shades the Sylvans; and here
Pales strainsMilk in the pails; the maids which haunt the
springsDance on these pastures; here Amyntas sings :Hesperian
gardens, Tempe’s shades, are here.Or what the Eastern Inde and West
bold dear.Come then, dear youth! the wood-nymphs twine thee
boughsWith rose and lily to impale thy brows.Thus ignorant I mus’d,
not conscious yetOf what by Death was done, and ruthless Fate
:Amidst these trances Fame thy loss doth sound,And through my ears
gives to my heart a wound.With stretch’d-out arms I sought thee to
embrace,But clasp’d, amaz’d, a coffin in thy place ;A coffin of our
joys which had the trust,Which told that thou wert come, but
chang’d to dust !Scarce, ev’n when felt, could I believe this
wrack,
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Nor that thy time and glory Heavens would break.Now, since I
cannot see my Alcon’s face,And find nor vows nor prayers to have
placeWith guilty stars, this mountain shall becomeTo me a sacred
altar, and a tombTo famous Alcon. Here, as days, months, yearsDo
circling glide, I sacrifice will tears;Here spend my remnant time,
exil’d from mirth,Till Death at last turn monarch of my earth.
Shepherds on Forth, and you by Doven rocks,Which use to sing and
sport, and keep your flocks,Pay tribute here of tears; ye never
hadTo aggravate your moans a cause more sad;And to their sorrows
hither bring your mauds,Charg’d with sweetest flowers, and with
pure hands,Fair nymphs, the blushing hyacinth and roseSpread on the
place his relics doth inclose;Weave garlands to his memory, and
putOver his hearse a verse in cypress cut:“Virtue did die, goodness
but heaven did give,“After the noble Alcon left to live
:“Friendship an earthquake suffer’d ; losing him“Love’s brightest
constellation turned dim.”
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22 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 23
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
A WEEK: As I pass along the streets of our village of Concord on
theday of our annual Cattle-Show, when it usually happens that the
leavesof the elms and buttonwoods begin first to strew the ground
under thebreath of the October wind, the lively spirits in their
sap seem tomount as high as any plough-boy’s let loose that day;
and they lead mythoughts away to the rustling woods, where the
trees are preparing fortheir winter campaign. This autumnal
festival, when men are gatheredin crowds in the streets as
regularly and by as natural a law as theleaves cluster and rustle
by the wayside, is naturally associated inmy mind with the fall of
the year. The low of cattle in the streetssounds like a hoarse
symphony or running bass to the rustling of theleaves. The wind
goes hurrying down the country, gleaning every loosestraw that is
left in the fields, while every farmer lad too appearsto scud
before it, — having donned his best pea-jacket and pepper-and-salt
waistcoat, his unbent trousers, outstanding rigging of duck
orkerseymere or corduroy, and his furry hat withal, — to country
fairsand cattle-shows, to that Rome among the villages where the
treasuresof the year are gathered. All the land over they go
leaping the fenceswith their tough, idle palms, which have never
learned to hang by theirsides, amid the low of calves and the
bleating of sheep, — Amos, Abner,Elnathan, Elbridge, —
“From steep pine-bearing mountains to the plain.”I love these
sons of earth every mother’s son of them, with their greathearty
hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle tospectacle, as
if fearful lest there should not be time between sun andsun to see
them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.
“Wise Nature’s darlings, they live in the world Perplexing not
themselves how it is hurled.”
Running hither and thither with appetite for the coarse
pastimesof the day, now with boisterous speed at the heels of the
inspirednegro from whose larynx the melodies of all Congo and
Guinea Coasthave broke loose into our streets; now to see the
procession ofa hundred yoke of oxen, all as august and grave as
Osiris, orthe droves of neat cattle and milch cows as unspotted as
Isis or Io.Such as had no love for Nature
“at all, Came lovers home from this great festival.”
They may bring their fattest cattle and richest fruits to the
fair,but they are all eclipsed by the show of men. These are
stirring autumndays, when men sweep by in crowds, amid the rustle
of leaves,like migrating finches; this is the true harvest of the
year, when theair is but the breath of men, and the rustling of
leaves is as thetrampling of the crowd. We read now-a-days of the
ancient festivals,games, and processions of the Greeks and
Etruscans, with a littleincredulity, or at least with little
sympathy; but how naturaland irrepressible in every people is some
hearty and palpable greetingof Nature. The Corybantes, the
Bacchantes, the rude primitivetragedians with their procession and
goat-song, and the wholeparaphernalia of the Panathenaea, which
appear so antiquated andpeculiar, have their parallel now. The
husbandman is always a better
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24 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
May 2: Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden presented “An address
to the noblemen, barons, gentlemen, &c., who have leagued
themselves for the defence of religion and the liberties of
Scotland.”
During these miseries, of which the troublers of the state
shallmake their profit, there will arise (perhaps) one, who will
namehimself PROTECTOR of the liberty of the kingdom: he
shallsurcharge the people with greater miseries than ever before
theydid suffer: he shall be protector of the church, himself
beingwithout soul or conscience, without letters or great
knowledge,under the shadow of piety and zeal shall commit a
thousandimpieties; and in end shall essay to make himself king; and
underpretext of reformation, bring in all confusion.... Then
shallthe poor people suffer for all these follie: then shall
they
1639
Greek than the scholar is prepared to appreciate, and the old
customstill survives, while antiquarians and scholars grow grayin
commemorating it. The farmers crowd to the fair to-day in
obedienceto the same ancient law, which Solon or Lycurgus did not
enact, asnaturally as bees swarm and follow their queen.
It is worth the while to see the country’s people, how they pour
intothe town, the sober farmer folk, now all agog, their very shirt
andcoat-collars pointing forward, — collars so broad as if they had
puttheir shirts on wrong end upward, for the fashions always tend
tosuperfluity, — and with an unusual springiness in their gait,
jabberingearnestly to one another. The more supple vagabond, too,
is sure toappear on the least rumor of such a gathering, and the
next day todisappear, and go into his hole like the seventeen-year
locust, in anever-shabby coat, though finer than the farmer’s best,
yet neverdressed; come to see the sport, and have a hand in what is
going, — toknow “what’s the row,” if there is any; to be where some
men are drunk,some horses race, some cockerels fight; anxious to be
shaking propsunder a table, and above all to see the “striped pig.”
He especiallyis the creature of the occasion. He empties both his
pockets and hischaracter into the stream, and swims in such a day.
He dearly lovesthe social slush. There is no reserve of soberness
in him.
I love to see the herd of men feeding heartily on coarse and
succulentpleasures, as cattle on the husks and stalks of
vegetables. Thoughthere are many crooked and crabbled specimens of
humanity among them,run all to thorn and rind, and crowded out of
shape by adversecircumstances, like the third chestnut in the burr,
so that you wonderto see some heads wear a whole hat, yet fear not
that the race willfail or waver in them; like the crabs which grow
in hedges, theyfurnish the stocks of sweet and thrifty fruits
still. Thus is naturerecruited from age to age, while the fair and
palatable varieties dieout, and have their period. This is that
mankind. How cheap must bethe material of which so many men are
made.
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 25
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
see, to their own charger, what it is to pull the sceptre
fromtheir sovereign, the sword from the lawful magistrate, whom
Godhath set over them, and that it is a fearful matter for
subjectsto degraduate their king. This progress is no new
divining,being approved by the histories of all times.
(Something to notice here: this cavalier Cavalier’s politics
amounted merely to the legitimation of privilege under guise of a
defense of religion and liberty.)
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26 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Sir William Drummond’s REMORAS FOR THE NATIONAL LEAGUE BETWEEN
SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND.
Vicar Robert Herrick wrote his poem “Upon his Sister-in-law,
Mistress Elizabeth Herrick” (for this was the year in which she
died).
FIRST, for effusions due unto the dead,My solemn vows have here
accomplished :Next, how I love thee, that my grief must
tell,Wherein thou liv’st for ever. Dear, farewell.
December 4: William Drummond died, supposedly due to grief at
the tragical trial and execution of King Charles I (the laird had,
actually, been a shut-in for some time).
1643
1649
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 27
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Sir John Scot caused the various poems of Sir William Drummond
of Hawthornden to be collected and published in one volume.
1650
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28 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Sir William Drummond’s HISTORY OF SCOTLAND 1423-1524 was
published posthumously.
1655
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 29
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
A new edition of Sir John Scot’s 1650 collection of the various
poems of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden was published in
London as THE MOST ELEGANT AND ELABORATE POEMS OF THAT GREAT COURT
WIT, MR WILLIAM DRUMMOND; WHOSE LABOURS BOTH IN VERSE AND PROSE,
BEING HERETOFORE SO PRECIOUS TO PRINCE HENRY AND TO KING CHARLES,
SHALL LIVE AND FLOURISH IN ALL AGES, WHILES THERE ARE MEN TO READ
THEM, OR ART AND JUDGEMENT TO APPROVE THEM.
A macaronic or satiric poem by Sir William Drummond of
Hawthornden, “Polemo-Middinia, or the Battle of the Dunghill,”
which had for some time been being published annually in Edinburgh,
was published at Oxford with notes in Latin and a preface by Bishop
Gibson.
1659
1691
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30 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
A folio edition of the works of Sir William Drummond of
Hawthornden was prepared.
A biography of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden and edition
of his poems was prepared by Peter Cunningham, that would be
available to Henry Thoreau in the library of Waldo Emerson.
1711
1790
SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND
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WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
All 14 volumes of Robert Anderson’s Edinburgh edition of THE
WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS, WITH PREFACES BIOGRAPHICAL AND
CRITICAL, that occupied him from 1792 into 1807, would bear the
nominal date of 1795. (Henry Thoreau would copy poems by Sir
William Drummond of Hawthornden, Thomas Carew, George Peele, Samuel
Daniel, Richard Lovelace, Lawrence Minot, and the Reverend John
Donne from Volumes IV and V of this anthology.)
1795
WORKS, VOLUME IVWORKS, VOLUME V
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32 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Alexander Chalmers’s THE WORKS OF THE ENGLISH POETS, FROM
CHAUCER TO COWPER; INCLUDING THE SERIES EDITED WITH PREFACES,
BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL, BY DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON: AND THE MOST
APPROVED TRANSLATIONS, a revised and expanded version of Dr.
Johnson’s 1779-1781 LIVES OF THE POETS, began to come across the
London presses of C. Wittingham. It would amount to 21 volumes and
the printing would require until 1814 to be complete. According to
the Preface, this massive thingie was “a work professing to be a
Body of the Standard English Poets”2:
1810
2. When the massive collection would come finally to be reviewed
in July 1814, the reviewer would, on the basis of Chalmers’s
selection of poems and poets, broadly denounce this editor as
incompetent.
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 33
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
PERUSE VOLUME IPERUSE VOLUME IIIPERUSE VOLUME IVPERUSE VOLUME
V
PERUSE VOLUME VIPERUSE VOLUME VIIPERUSE VOLUME VIIIPERUSE VOLUME
IXPERUSE VOLUME XPERUSE VOLUME XIPERUSE VOLUME XIIPERUSE VOLUME
XIIIPERUSE VOLUME XIVPERUSE VOLUME XVPERUSE VOLUME XVIPERUSE VOLUME
XVII
PERUSE VOLUME XVIIIPERUSE VOLUME XIXPERUSE VOLUME XXPERUSE
VOLUME XXI
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34 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
THE ENGLISH POETS:Joseph Addison, Akenside; Armstrong; Beattie;
Francis Beaumont;Sir J. Beaumont; Blacklock; Blackmore; Robert
Blair; Boyse;
PEOPLE OFWALDEN
WALDEN: Breed’s hut was standing only a dozen years ago,
thoughit had long been unoccupied. It was about the size of mine.
Itwas set on fire by mischievous boys, one Election night, if I
donot mistake. I lived on the edge of the village then, and had
justlost myself over Davenant’s Gondibert, that winter that I
laboredwith a lethargy, –which, by the way, I never knew whether
toregard as a family complaint, having an uncle who goes to
sleepshaving himself, and is obliged to sprout potatoes in a
cellarSundays, in order to keep awake and keep the Sabbath, or as
theconsequence of my attempt to read Chalmers’ collection of
Englishpoetry without skipping. It fairly overcame my Nervii. I had
justsunk my head on this when the bells rung fire, and in hot
hastethe engines rolled that way, led by a straggling troop of men
andboys, and I among the foremost, for I had leaped the brook.We
thought it was far south over the woods, –we who had run tofires
before,– barn, shop, or dwelling-house, or all together.“It’s
Baker’s barn,” cried one. “It is the Codman Place,”
affirmedanother. And then fresh sparks went up above the wood, as
if theroof fell in, and we all shouted “Concord to the rescue!”
Wagonsshot past with furious speed and crushing loads,
bearing,perchance, among the rest, the agent of the Insurance
Company,who was bound to go however far; and ever and anon the
engine belltinkled behind, more slow and sure, and rearmost of all,
as itwas afterward whispered, came they who set the fire and gave
thealarm. Thus we kept on like true idealists, rejecting the
evidenceof our senses, until at a turn in the road we heard
crackling andactually felt the heat of the fire from over the wall,
andrealized, alas! that we were there. The very nearness of the
firebut cooled our ardor. At first we thought to throw a frog-pond
onto it; but concluded to let it burn, it was so far gone and
soworthless. So we stood round our engine, jostled one
another,expressed our sentiments through speaking trumpets, or in
lowertone referred to the great conflagrations which the world
haswitness, including Bascom’s shop, and, between ourselves
wethought that, were we there in season with our “tub”, and a
fullfrog-pond by, we could turn that threatened last and
universalone into another flood. We finally retreated without doing
anymischief, –returned to sleep and Gondibert. But as for
Gondibert,I would except that passage in the preface about wit
being thesoul’s powder, –“but most of mankind are strangers to
wit,as Indians are to powder.”
INSURANCE
FIRE
ALEXANDER CHALMERSBASCOM & COLE
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 35
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Brome; Brooke; Broome; Sir Thomas Browne; Charles Butler;George
Gordon, Lord Byron; Cambridge; Thomas Carew; Cartwright;Cawthorne;
Chatterton; Geoffrey Chaucer; Churchill;William Collins; William
Congreve; Cooper; Corbett;Charles Cotton; Dr. Cotton; Abraham
Cowley; William Cowper;Crashaw; Cunningham; Daniel; William
Davenant; Davies;Sir John Denham; Dodsley; John Donne; Dorset;
Michael Drayton;Sir William Drummond; John Dryden; Duke; Dyer;
Falconer; Fawkes;Fenton; Giles Fletcher; John Fletcher; Garth;
Gascoigne; Gay;Glover; Goldsmith; Gower; Grainger; Thomas Gray;
Green;William Habington; Halifax; William Hall; Hammond; Harte;
Hughes;Jago; Jenyns; Dr. Samuel Johnson; Jones; Ben Jonson;
King;Langhorne; Lansdowne; Lloyd; Logan; Lovibond; Lyttelton;
Mallett;Mason; William Julias Mickle; John Milton; Thomas Moore;
Otway;Parnell; A. Phillips; J. Phillips; Pitt; Pomfret; Alexander
Pope;Prior; Rochester; Roscommon; Rowe; Savage; Sir Walter
Scott;William Shakespeare; Sheffield; Shenstone; Sherburne;
Skelton;Smart; Smith; Somerville; Edmund Spenser; Sprat;
Stepney;Stirling; Suckling; Surrey; Jonathan Swift; James Thomson;
W.Thomson; Tickell; Turberville; Waller; Walsh; Warner; J.
Warton;T. Warton; Watts; West; P. Whitehead; W. Whitehead;
Wilkie;Wyatt; Yalden; Arthur Young.
TRANSLATIONS: Alexander Pope’s Iliad & Odyssey; John
Dryden’s Virgil & Juvenal;Pitt’s Aeneid & Vida; Francis’
Horace; Rowe’s Lucan; Grainger’sAlbius Tibullus; Fawkes’
Theocritus, Apollonius Rhodius,Coluthus, Anacreon, Sappho, Bion and
Moschus, Museus; Garth’sOvid; Lewis’ Statius; Cooke’s Hesiod;
Hoole’s Ariosto & Tasso;William Julias Mickle’s Lusiad.
COMMENTARY:William Julias Mickle’s “Inquiry into the Religion
Tenets andPhilosophy of the Bramins,” which Thoreau encountered in
1841 inVolume 21 (pages 713-33).
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36 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
November 9, Wednesday: The calcium-carbonate light was
discovered by Sir Galsworthy Guerney, and developed and used by
Thomas Drummond for the government survey of Ireland. He was able
to produce by the burning of this chemical a light 83 times
brighter than was possible with an oil lamp at the time, atop
Slieve Snaght, and was able to detect that brightened light with
surveying equipment atop Davis Mountain more than 66 miles away,
thus producing a major and accurate directional indication. The
limelight would find use in theaters and Guerney would be awarded a
medal.
When Thomas Drummond heated a small ball of lime in front of a
reflector on Slieve Snaght, Scotland, its light could be seen from
Divis Mountain, which was 100 kilometers away. This was the initial
practical demonstration of limelight.
Gioachino Rossini’s Il Barbiere di Siviglia was staged in Park
Theater, New York (this was the 1st staging in the United States of
an Italian opera in Italian).
In Newport, Rhode Island, Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in
his journal:
4th day 9th of 11th M / Our frd Susan R Smith & her
companions Susan Newbold & Rowland Jones drank tea At Abigail
Robinsons, went over after tea & rode with them to David
Buffums & spent the evening. —
1825
RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 37
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Thomas Drummond of the Royal Engineers managed to produce a
steady, powerful beam of light which could be mounted in
light-houses by applying a method, originated by Goldsworthy Gurney
at the Royal Institution, of burning small balls of lime in a
mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gases. Once this “Drummond Light”
was in operation for navigation on the seacoasts, it didn’t take
genius to imagine its usefulness in the theater, where it came to
be referred to as “the limelight.” By thus replacing the Argand
lamp, it was possible to use projected transparencies to illustrate
lectures even when they were attended by upwards of 2,000 people.So
now, Earth itself is a beacon in space:
1826
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38 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Summer: The Scots nobleman William Drummond Stewart, a lineal
descendant of the Cavalier poet Sir William Drummond and proud of
it, toured America’s Rocky Mountains, hunting “buffalo” and living
the life of a “mountain man.” Hoo-hah!
1833
CHALMERS ON DRUMMOND
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“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 39
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Summer: Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Bond Head’s Legislative
Council had performed poorly during the bank crisis and financial
panic. He had been roundly condemned at a special session of the
House of Assembly for not allowing provincial banks to suspend
specie payments as was happening in the USA and in Lower Canada. He
again went off on an informal tour of Upper Canada, pressing the
flesh and kissing the babies and making accommodations. Noblesse
oblige was a role he played well, and was better than being in
Ottawa facing the ever-growing hostility of the politicos.
The Scots nobleman William Drummond Stewart, a lineal descendant
of the Cavalier poet Sir William Drummond and still proud of it,
was again touring America’s Wild West, hunting “buffalo” and living
the life of the “mountain man,” and this time he had brought along
the Baltimore artist Alfred Jacob Miller. They would travel all the
way from St. Louis up to the Green River of what would be Wyoming
Territory.
1837
CHALMERS ON DRUMMOND
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40 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
September 24: Little Louisa May Alcott jotted in her diary:
In a considerably later timeframe, the author of this would
review what she had written as a child, and annotate it with the
following:
September 24, Sunday: I hate museums, there is nothing so weighs
upon the spirits. They arecatacombs of nature. They are preserved
death. One green bud of Spring one willow catkin, one faint trill
fromsome migrating sparrow, might set the world on its legs again.I
know not whether I muse most at the bodies stuffed with cotton and
sawdust — or those stuffed with bowelsand fleshy fibre.The life
that is in a single green weed is of more worth than all this
death. They are very much like the writtenhistory of the world —
and I read Rollin and Ferguson3 with the same feeling
Henry Thoreau also jotted a note in his journal about Sir
William Drummond:
They say that Carew was a laborious writer but his poems do not
show it— They are finished but donot show the marks of the chisel.
Drummond was indeed a quiddler — with little fire and fibre Rather
a tastefor poetry — than a taste of it
At an unknown point in his journal for 1842-1844 (and we might
as well consider this material here since it is indeed autumn, and
just about time for the annual cattle show), Henry Thoreau also
employed s couplet from Sir William Drummond to embellish some
ruminations about the cattle in the street:
The low of cattle in the street sounds like a low symphony or
running base to the hurry scurry of theleaves.The wind goes
hurrying down the country, gleaning every loose straw that is left
in the fields ë while everyfarmers lad too seems to scud before it
— having donned his best pea-jacket and pepper and salt waistcoat
his(as yet) unbent trowsers — outstanding rigging of duck or
kersymere, or corduroy — and his furry hat withal— to county fairs
and Cattle-shows — to this Rome amid the villages where the
treasures of the year aregathered.— All the land over they go
leaping the fences with their tough idle palms which have not yet
learnedto hang by their sides, amid the low of calves and the
bleating of sheep.— Amos — abner — Elnathan Elbridge
1843
Father and Mr. Lane have gone to N.H. to preach. It was very
lovely.... Anna and I got supper. In the eve I read “Vicar of
Wakefield.” I was cross today, and I cried when I went to bed. I
made good resolutions, and felt better in my heart. If I only kept
all I make, I should be the best girl in the world. But I don’t,
and so am very bad.
Poor little sinner! She says the same at fifty.
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41 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN“From steep pine-bearing mountains to
the plain.”
I love these sons of earth — every mother’s son of them — with
their great heavy hearts rushing tumultuouslyin herds — from
spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful that there should not be time
between sun and sun to seethem all.— And the sun does not wait more
than in haying time.
“wise Nature’s darlings, they live in the worldPerplexing not
themselves how it is hurl’d.”
They may bring their fattest cattle and their fairest fruits —
but they are all eclipsed by the show of men.These are stirring
autumn days. When men sweep by in crowds amid the rustle of leaves,
like migratingfinches— This is the true harvest of the year when
the air is but the breath of men — and the rustling of leavesis as
the trampling of the crowd.We read nowadays of the ancient
festivals games and processions of the Greeks and Etruscans with a
littleincredulity –or at least want of sympathy– but now childlike
— how natural and irrepressible must be in allpeople some hearty
palpable greeting of nature. The Corybantes the Bachannals — the
rude primitive tragedianswith their procession and goat song and
the whole paraphernalia of the Panathenaea — which seems
soantiquated and peculiar are easily parralleled now. The
husbandman is always a better Greek than the scholar isprepared to
understand — and the old custom still survives while antiquarians
& sholars grow grey incommemmorating itThe farmers crowd to the
fair today — in obedience to the same ancient law of the race —
which Solon orLycurgus did not enact — as naturally as bees swarm
and follow their queen.— I love to see the herd of menfeeding
heartily on coarse succulent pleasures — as cattle feed on the husk
and stalks of vegetables Many ofthem it is true are crooked and
crabbed specimens of humanity, run all to thorn and rind and
crowded out ofshape by adverse circumstances like the third
chestnut in the bur — yet fear not that the race will fail or
waverin them — like the crabs which grow in hedges they furnish the
stocks of sweet and thrifty fruits still— Thus isnature recruited
from age to age while the fair and palatable varieties are dying
out and have their period.This is that mankind.How cheap must be
the material of which so many men are made— And where is that
quarry in the earth fromwhich these thousands were dug up?
3. Professor Adam Ferguson’s THE HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS AND
TERMINATION OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (1783, new edition, Edinburgh,
1813; 5 volumes), which Thoreau had consulted extensively in
1836.
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC, ITHE ROMAN REPUBLIC, IITHE ROMAN REPUBLIC,
IIITHE ROMAN REPUBLIC, IVTHE ROMAN REPUBLIC, V
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42 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others,such as
extensive quotations and reproductions ofimages, this “read-only”
computer file contains a greatdeal of special work product of
Austin Meredith,copyright 2013. Access to these interim materials
willeventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup someof the
costs of preparation. My hypercontext buttoninvention which,
instead of creating a hypertext leapthrough hyperspace —resulting
in navigation problems—allows for an utter alteration of the
context withinwhich one is experiencing a specific content
alreadybeing viewed, is claimed as proprietary to AustinMeredith —
and therefore freely available for use byall. Limited permission to
copy such files, or anymaterial from such files, must be obtained
in advancein writing from the “Stack of the Artist of
Kouroo”Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC 27705. Pleasecontact
the project at .
Prepared: June 4, 2013
“It’s all now you see. Yesterday won’t be over untiltomorrow and
tomorrow began ten thousand years ago.”
– Remark by character “Garin Stevens”in William Faulkner’s
INTRUDER IN THE DUST
mailto:[email protected], tomorrow is such and such a date
and so it began on that date in like 8000BC? Why 8000BC, because it
was the beginning of the current interglacial -- or what?
Bearing in mind that this is America, "where everything
belongs," the primary intent of such a notice is to prevent some
person or corporate entity from misappropriating the materials and
sequestering them as property for censorship or for profit.
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43 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDENARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT
GENERATION HOTLINE
This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by
ahuman. Such is not the case. Instead, upon someone’s request
wehave pulled it out of the hat of a pirate that has grown out
ofthe shoulder of our pet parrot “Laura” (depicted above).
Whatthese chronological lists are: they are research
reportscompiled by ARRGH algorithms out of a database of data
moduleswhich we term the Kouroo Contexture. This is data mining.To
respond to such a request for information, we merely push
abutton.
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44 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith
WILLIAM DRUMMOND LAIRD OF HAWTHORNDEN
HDT WHAT? INDEX
PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN
Commonly, the first output of the program has
obviousdeficiencies and so we need to go back into the data
modulesstored in the contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking,
andthen we need to punch that button again and do a recompile ofthe
chronology — but there is nothing here that remotelyresembles the
ordinary “writerly” process which you know andlove. As the contents
of this originating contexture improve,and as the programming
improves, and as funding becomesavailable (to date no funding
whatever has been needed in thecreation of this facility, the
entire operation being run outof pocket change) we expect a
diminished need to do such tweakingand recompiling, and we fully
expect to achieve a simulation ofa generous and untiring robotic
research librarian. Onward andupward in this brave new world.
First come first serve. There is no charge.Place your requests
with .Arrgh.
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A Person in both A Week and Walden: Sir William Drummond, Laird
of
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