Penguins

PENGUINS

By Molly

How many species???

O There are 17 types of penguins

Endangered

O Their homes are melting down

Penguins home

O this is where penguins live

Emperor penguins

O The male and female are similar in plumage and size

.O Size: 36.7 kg (m), 28.4kg (f)Nest type: breed on sea ice in winter, egg carried on feetFavourite food: fish and squid

O The Emperor Penguin is a bird of extremes in just about every way. It breeds during the Antarctic winter and exhibits many adaptations to the extreme cold that these birds experience when breeding.

Yellow eyed

O Size: 5.7 kg (m), 5.4kg (f)Nest type: under dense vegetationFavourite food: fish and squid

O The Yellow-eyed Penguin is often referred to as the rarest penguin in the world, although, unfortunately, there are others that could lay claim to that crown too: especially the Galapagos and Fiordland Penguins

Little

O Size: 1.2 kg (m), 1.0 kg (f)Nest type: burrow, cave or under bushesFavourite food: small fish

O The world’s smallest penguin (also known as Little Blue, Blue and Fairy Penguin).

CHINSTRAP O Size: 5.0 kg (m), 4.8 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the openFavourite food: krill

O This delicately coloured bird is arguably the most beautiful of penguins. In contrast to other adult penguins, apart from Royal Penguins, this species has a white face. This is separated from the white belly by a thin dark line running under the lower part of the chin - therefore the name.

Rockhopper

O Size: 2.5 kg (m), 2.4 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the open; sometimes in association with other speciesFavourite food: krill, fish and squidO Breeding in sometimes-large colonies throughout the

sub-Antarctic. Smaller than its congeners, but no less aggressive. There is some evidence that the Northern Rockhopper or Moseley’s Penguin is deserving of separate species status. Whatever, the Northern Rockhopper and Southern Rockhopper are clearly closely related and much of what applies to one probably holds for the other, but actual data are still scarce.

Humboldt

O Size: 4.9 kg (m), 4.5 kg (f)Nest type: burrow or caveFavourite food: small fish

O Endemic to the cold nutrient-rich waters of the Peru Current, the Humboldt Penguin breeds in a hot Mediterranean to desert climate. Populations fluctuate under the influence of El Niño events, which can cause significant breeding failure and adult starvation.

Gentoo

O Size: 5.6 kg (m), 5.1 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the openFavourite food: krill and fish

O This is the most northern penguin of this genus and, in many other respects, the odd one out. In contrast to Chinstrap and Adelie Penguins, some Gentoo Penguins can be found around their breeding colonies all year round and they forage much closer inshore than the other two Pygoscelis specie

KING

O Size: 16.0 kg (m), 14.3 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the open, have territories but no nestFavourite food: fish, some squid

O No other bird has a longer breeding cycle than King Penguins. They take 14 to 16 months to fledge a single chick. During the winter, chicks may be left to fast for from one to five months (May to September/October). Adults can rear a maximum of only two chicks every three years.

Adelie

O Size: 5.4 kg (m), 4.7 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the open, use stones to line nestFavourite food: krill

O No penguin, indeed no other bird, breeds further south than Adelie Penguins. Adelie Penguins show a number of specialised adaptations to the cold often encountered by this species that restrict heat loss.

Snares

O Size: 3.3 kg (m), 2.8 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the open or under forest canopyFavourite food: krill, squid and fish

O Similar in many respects to Fiordland Penguin but endemic to the Snares Islands, which are about 100 km south of the nearest Fiordland Penguin breeding sites. With its breeding range confined to the just over 300 ha of the Snares group, it has the most restricted distribution of all penguins.

African O Size: 3.3 kg (m), 3.0 kg (f)

Nest type: burrow or under bushes/rocksFavourite food: small fish

O This is the only penguin breeding in Africa and was probably the first penguin encountered by Europeans. Numbers declined significantly during the Twentieth Century and their future has been jeopardized recently by major oil spills.

Magellanic

O Size: 4.9 kg (m), 4.6 kg (f)Nest type: burrow or under bushesFavourite food: small fish

O Similar to African Penguin (to which it is very closely related), but breeding on the opposite side of the Atlantic. It is also the only migratory, offshore-foraging species in this genus.

Erect-crested

O Size: 5.2 kg (m), 5.1 kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the open; nest on rocks with little to no nesting material to line nestsFavourite food: krill and squid

O A little-known rather bizarre bird with a limited breeding distribution in a very isolated part the world.

Fiordland

O Size: 4.1 kg (m), 3.7 kg (f)Nest type: in forest under vegetation or rocks; in cavesFavourite food: fish and squid

O The Fiordland Penguin lives in the temperate rainforest of the southwest coast of the South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand, where it is endemic.

Galapagos

O Size: 2.1 kg (m), 1.7 kg (f)Nest type: burrow or crevices in lavaFavourite food: small fish

O The northernmost of all penguins, Galapagos Penguins breed right on the equator. Populations fluctuate heavily under the influence of El Niño to a degree that the future survival of the species is endangered.

Macaroni

O Size: 5.2 kg (m), 5.3kg (f)Nest type: in colonies in the openFavourite food: krill

O This is probably the most abundant of all penguins in terms of total numbers. Brood reduction is taken to an extreme by this species. The Royal Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus schlegeli), a white-faced variant, is treated as a subspecies of Macaroni Penguin here, but others accord the Royal penguin full species status

Palaeeudyptinae

O This penguin is extinct BUT!!! It was bigger than me.

O The New Zealand Giant Penguins, Palaeeudyptinae, are an extinct subfamily of penguins. It includes several genera of medium-sized to very large species - including Palaeeudyptes marplesi, the 1.5 meter tall Icadyptes salasi, and Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi which grew 1.5 meters (4 ft 11.1 in) tall or even larger, and the massive Pachydyptes ponderosus which weighed at least as much as an adult human male.

I love PENGUINS