Penguatan R&D Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Industri · PDF fileLembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan Jogjakarta, 17-18 Januari 2018 Penguatan R&D Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Industri Sawit Tony...

Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan

Jogjakarta, 17-18 Januari 2018

Penguatan R&D

Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Industri Sawit

Tony Liwang

“Oil Palm has been farmed in

the same way for

more than hundred years”

Source: Wageningen World, 2-2012

Yield Improvement - The facts at a glance

Background

Sustainable Farming

=

Improving Yield

+

Reducing Cost

Background

Outline

Background

Potential Yield ± 18 t oil/ha/yr

Site Yield

Potential ± 12 t oil/ha/yr

Actual Yield

Potential ± 6 t oil/ha/yr

Genetic Factors Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera

Seeds, Clones

Environment Factors

(Limiting Factors) Climate (Rainfall, Solar Radiation,…)

Soil Condition

Agronomic Mgmnt Factors

(Reducing Factors) Mineral Nutrition Mgmnt

Pest and Disease Mgmnt

Mechanization Mgmnt

Social and Economic Mgmnt

Source : RHV Corley, 2006

Yield Improvement - Determining Yield Factors

Background

3.3 4.2

8.6

12.2 13.6

18.2

Indonesian(non-private)

Indonesian(private)

BestExperimental

Plot

SelectedProgeny

Individual Palm MaximumTheoritical yield

*

* *

* CPO Yield (ton/ha/year)

Source : Rajinder Singh, MPOB, 2010 (*)

Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia, 2017 (**)

Improve through

Tissue Culture?

Improve through

Molecular Breeding?

Conventional

Breeding

** **

Yield Improvement - Oil Palm Yield Potential

Background

Outline

An oil palm bunch with a weight

of 79 kg from an Oil Palm Plantation

in North Sumatera, in 1940’s

An oil palm bunch with a weight

of 85 kg from an Oil Palm Plantation

in Jambi, in 2017

New Record – MURI

after 77 years

Background

8

Gap between actual area and simulated area

using certified oil palm seeds in Indonesia (1998 – 2009)

Before 2005 it was suspected that one third of the oil palm plantation

in Indonesia has been planted with un-certified seeds

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Tahun

Pe

rke

mb

an

ga

n L

ua

s L

ah

an

(H

a)

Luas Lahan Aktual

Luas Lahan Simulasi

Gap of ± 871.473 Ha or equal to

174 million seeds

(± 1/3 of certified seeds)

Actual Area

Simulated Area

Year

Source : Liwang et al. (2008).

the Course

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0

3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

CPO Productivity (ton/ha/year)

9.5 10.3 10.8 11.3 12.2 12.4 12.9 13.3 13.8

9.8 11.6 12.3

14.7 15.6

16.8 18.2

19.9 21.5

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Non-PrivatePrivate

CPO Production (million ton)

Yield Improvement

CPO Production and Productivity

Average Annual Growth

Non Private = x % (?)

Private = 5 %

Average Annual Growth

Non Private = 6 %

Private = 15 %

Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017

the Impact

1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

2.0 2.3 2.5

2.9 3.1 3.4

3.6 4.0

4.3

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Non-Private

Private

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Yield Improvement

PKO Production and Productivity

PKO Production (million ton)

PKO Productivity (ton/ha/year)

Average Annual Growth

Non Private = 6 %

Private = 14 %

Average Annual Growth

Non Private = x % (?)

Private = 4 %

Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017

the Impact

3.2 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8

0.6 0.7 0.7

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

CPO Yield PKO Yield

Total Oil Yield (ton/ha/year)

3,8 4,1 4,1 4,3 4,2 4,3 4,3 4,6 4,6

Average Annual Growth

PKO = 4.2 %

CPO = 2.3 %

PKO + CPO = 2.6 %

Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017

Yield Improvement

CPO and PKO Productivity the Impact

8,993 9,573 10,465 10,755 11,260 11,914

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

580

892 290

505 654

Planting area ( 000 ha )

Average Annual Growth

New Planted Area = 584,200 Ha

= 6.5 %

Yield Improvement

New Planted Area

Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017

the Challenge …

CPO Productivity

Non Private = x % (?)

Private = 5 %

PKO Productivity

Non Private = x %(?)

Private = 4 %

New Planted Area

= 6.5 %

Average Annual Growth of

Productivity < New Planted Area

and

contributed mainly by Private Company

<

An increment of minimum wage is

about 8.72% for 2017-2018

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Non-Private 49 54 76 104 102 165 117 171 137 416 269 77 Private 107 92 115 116 122 508 521 171 119 139 85 139 Total 156 146 191 221 225 673 638 342 256 555 354 216

Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

Non-Private Private

Area (x 1,000 Ha)

156 146 191

221 225

673 638

342 256

555

354

216

Projection of Replanting Area in Indonesia

Simulated based on age of palm only,

but it should be also based on yield performance

Oil Palm Conventional

Phenotype Selection Breeding

vs Genetic Selection

(GS) Breeding

Ps Dura

Duration of Breeding Approaches

Conventional - Molecular Markers -Mutagenesis - GMO Dev. 10 – 7 – 5.5 – 14 years

Duration of Breeding Approaches

Main objectives to carry out research on oil palm

biotechnology and micro propagation (tissue culture) :

1. to validate the phenotypic advantages with the

genotyping test and genomic information

2. to shorten the time required to develop elite palm with

desired characters (biotic and abiotic tolerant,

nutrient efficient, … ) compared to conventional

breeding

3. to minimize the space and the cost required for field

trials

4. to develop and produce the desired elite planting

materials through tissue culture

5. to improve the interaction of genetic and environment

through microbial agents

Objectives of Oil Palm Biotechnology

Molecular Assisted Selection

Oil Palm Genome

consists of 16 pairs

of chromosome,

>1.71 giga base pairs

Nutrient Uptake

Efficiency

Slow Stem

Height Increment

Biotic Stress:

Disease Resistance

(Ganoderma sp.)

Drought Tolerance

High Photo-

synthesis Rate

Pest Resistance

Long Peduncle

High Oil Quality

(Oleate & Carotene)

High Yield

(FFB & OER)

Molecular Breeding of Oil Palm Main Desired Characters

Terima Kasih