PENGANTAR KESEHATAN KERJA DAN PENYAKIT AKIBAT KECELAKAAN KERJA MEKANIK

PAPERS OF ETHICS & K3 PROFESSION

INTRODUCTION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CAUSED BY MECHANICAL WORK ACCIDENTS

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURERECTOR OF U L M : Prof. Dr. H. Sutarto Hadi, M.Si., M.ScNIP 19660331 199203 1 001

VICE RECTOR 1Dr. Ahmad Alim Bachri, SE., M.SiNIP. 19671231 199512 1 002

VICE RECTOR 2Dra. Hj. Aslamiah, M.Pd., Ph.DNIP. 19600110 198603 2

VICE RECTOR 3Dr. Ir. Abrani Sulaiman, M.ScNIP. 19640105 199003 1 023

VICE RECTOR 4Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Yudi Firmanul Arifin, M.ScNIP. 19670716 199203 1

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREDEAN OF FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ULM : Dr-Ing. Yulian Firmana Arifin, S.T., M.TNIP.19750719 200003 1 001

HEAD OF PROGRAMME :Ach. Kusairi S. S.T., M.T.NIP 19780415 201212 1 001

SUPPORTING LECTURER :Prof. Dr. Qomariyatus Sholihah, Amd.hyp., S.T., M.Kes.,NIP. 19780420 200501 2 002

COLLEGE STUDENT

FERI OKTAPIYANOR

H1F1150204

MUHAMMAD NOVRIANDY

H1F115041

MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDHA

H1F115042

RIZA APRIADI

H1F115047

ROBBI SHOLAIMAN A.

H1F115217

RAKA NUSANTARA

H1F115215

REZKI ALFIANNOR

H1F115046

RIAN HIDAYATTULAH

H1F115216

YOSEPH NETHANYAHU S.

H1F115048

INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH&

  DISEASES CAUSED BY MECHANICAL WORK

NAMES OF GROUP MEMBERS :1. FERI OKTAPIYANOR2. MUHAMMAD NOVRIANDY3. MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDHA4. REZKI ALFIANNOR5. RAKA NUSANTARA6. RIZA APRIADI7. ROBBI SHOLAIMAN A.8. RIAN HIDAYATTULAH9. YOSEPH NETANYAHU S.

INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH&

  DISEASES CAUSED BY MECHANICAL WORK

According Mangkunagara: Philosophy (Mangkunagara): A thought and effort to ensure

the integrity and physical and spiritual perfection of labor in particular and mankind in general as well as the work and culture towards a just and prosperous society.

Scientific : All Science and Its Application to prevent occupational injuries, occupational diseases (OD) , fire , blasting and environmental pollution

According Mangkunagara (2002, p.165) that the purpose of occupational safety and health are as follows:

a. So that every employee is guaranteed safety and health both physically, socially, and psychologically. every employee getting assurance of salvation and occupational physical health , social , psyhcology

b. so that every equipment and tools equipment good use selective as possible.

c. In order for all of the production is maintained security.

d. In order for the guarantee for the maintenance and improvement of the nutritional health of employees.

e. In order to heighten the excitement, harmony work, and work participation.

f. To avoid health problems caused by the environment or the working conditions.

g. So that every employee feel safe and secure in their work

Introduction to Occupational Health

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Progress of development driven by modernization and industrialization and globalization, in addition to providing a positive influence also had a negative impact. Occupational health problems is the existence of occupational diseases (PAK), Disease Due Employment Relations (PAHK) or the Occupational Accident (TOR) are caused by the interaction between workers with the tools, methods, materials and work processes and work environment.

Increasingly diverse spread of disease patterns, namely infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases in line with the development of the era of industrialization in Indonesia. Data PAK in Indonesia is still reported as the data KAK, while the picture of PAK that exist today such as Peak "Iceberg", which PAK is known and reported little bit, while unreported and show no symptoms actually more.

Preview Disease or Health Problem on Worker

Progress of development driven by modernization and industrialization and globalization, in addition to providing a positive influence also had a negative impact, which appears in the form of, among others, the number of working people in Indonesia from year to year is increasing. BPS data in August 2009 stated that there were 113.89 million labor force in Indonesia. While working as much as 104.87 million working in various jobs with the problems arising from work. Occupational health problems is the diseases that arise due to work, illness or accidents as a result of the employment relationship due to work, which is caused by the interaction between workers with the tools, methods, materials and work processes and work environment.

World Health Report 2002 put the risk of occupational diseases in the tenth as the cause of illness and death. Meanwhile, according to the ILO report (2003) annually, 2 (two) million people died, 160 million cases of PAK / Pahk, 270 million cases of TOR , This incident is equivalent to 1.25 trillion dollars, or 4% of world GDP. Of the 27th countries monitored by the ILO (2001), the data of death, illness and accidents in Indonesia are at the position 26th. While data from the Social Security (2003) are known to occur every weekday worker deaths from 400 cases of occupational accidents with 9.83% (10 393 cases) disability and forced unable to work again. This represents the reported figures while the actual number is not known for certain.

A WHO study on workers of PAK in five (5) continents in 1999, showed that the disease musculoskeletal disorders (Musculo Skeletal Diseases) are in the first place that is as much as 48%, after it as much as 10-30% of mental disorders, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD) 11%, 10% dematosis occupational, hearing loss 9% and 3% of pesticide poisoning.

Definition of Occupational Diseases / Disease Due to Employment and Occupational Accidents

(Occupational Disease) is a disease that has a specific cause or a strong association with the work, which generally consists of a single causative agent has been recognized (ILO Symposium in Linz, Austria).

(Work Related Disease) is a disease caused by work or the working environment (Decree No. 22 of 1993).

(Disease affecting working populations) is a disease that occurs in the working population without causing agents in the workplace, but can be exacerbated by poor working conditions for health (ILO Symposium in Linz, Austria).

Criteria for Occupational Diseases

To ensure an illness is PAK must meet the following criteria:The existence of a relationship between exposure to a specific disease.The fact that the frequency of occurrence of disease in a population higher than community .The disease can be prevented by preventive action.

Occurrence Risk Factors Occupational Diseases / DiseaseAs a result of Employment and Occupational Accidents

The risk factors that may exist in the workplace, can be classified as follows:

Physical factors : noise, vibration, radiation, ionizing / non-ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures, lighting and barometric pressure.

Chemical factor  : Hydrocarbons (exp: benzene), solvents, pesticides, asbestos, dust (silicosis, pneumoconiosis), the material is explosive, heavy metals (eg on welding / welders), a gas that contributes sesaknafas / asphyxiants (H2S, CO, C02), materials which makes sensitive, irritants, and etc.

Biological factors : Dissemination of material of pathogens in the blood / Bloodbornepathogen (eg tertusukjarum injection), bio-aerosols (TB, Legionella), HIV / AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, animal bites (eg: snakes, scorpions), poisonous plants, diseases of the local (for example: TB, malaria, DHF), a food poisoning etc.

Psychosocial factors : Working overtime, heavy duty / redundant, change / shift work, post traumatic, alcohol and illegal drugs, shift work, remote / isolated, the organization (team work, labor relations, etc.), other jobs / part time etc.

Ergonomics Factor : Repetitive movements, lifting, static load,

awkward postures, pulling and pushing, andetc.

Factors Lifestyle (Lifestyle): smoking, alcohol and drugs, lack of exercise and an unbalanced diet.

To determine exposure in the workplace, it is necessary to know:Exposure current and previous (physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial and lifestyle), by making a list of questions.A history of accidents or incidents in the use of chemicals, for example spilled material.Working with a limited exposure without the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.

Examples of Occupational Diseases / Disease Due to Employment and Occupational

Accidents

Examples of diseases caused by work, among others:1. Respiratory diseasesPAK in the respiratory tract can be acute or chronic.Acute, for example: occupational asthma is often diagnosed as acute tracheobronchitis or due to virusChronic, eg asbestosis like symptoms of COPD, acute pulmonary edema can be caused by chemicals such as nitrogen oxides

2. Skin diseaseIn general, not specific, troublesome but not life threatening, sometimes heal themselves.  Contact dermatitis were reported, 90% is a skin disease that is associated with the job. Important to know the history of work in identifying the irritant that is the cause or because they sensitize other factors.

3. Hearing DamageMany cases of hearing loss due to noise exposure time, some cases were not for the work. Detailed job history should be obtained from any person with a hearing loss, then make a recommendation on the prevention of hearing loss.

4. Symptoms in the back and jointsNo tests or procedures that can distinguish the disease? Back a work-related or due to other causesDetermining the possibility of depending on employment historyArthritis and tenosynovitis caused by repetitive motion unnatural

5. CancerThe existence of significant presentations that show cases of cancer? Caused by workplace exposures.In cancer, exposure to the carcinogens of approximately 10 to 20 years before diagnosis.

6. Liver diseaseOften diagnosed as liver disease due to viral hepatitis or cirrhosis due to alcoholImportant history of the work, the existing toxic materials.

7. Psychiatric and Neurological problems

Psychiatric and neurological problems related to the workplace is often overlooked.

More than 100 chemicals (eg, solvents) can cause nerve depression.

Some neurotoxins (eg, arsenic, lead, mercury, methyl n butyl, ketone) can cause peripheral neuropathy

Carbon disulfide can cause symptoms such as psychosis

How Occupational Disease Prevention / Disease Due to Employment and

Occupational Accidents

Prevention of occupational illness / disease due to labor relations and workplace accidents can be done by:Primary prevention (Health Promotion)a. behavioral healthb. Factors hazards in the workplacec. Behavior good workingd. Sporte. Balanced nutrition

KESIMPULAN : According to the standard (Australia AS 1885, 1990) is a process or

circumstances that resulted in the incidence of injuries or occupational diseases. There are many destinations to determine the classification of the incidence of workplace accidents, one of which is the basis for identifying an event such as a natural process in which the accident occurred, what employees lkukan, and what equipment or materials used by employees. The application of codes of workplace accidents will greatly assist the process of investigation in menginterpresentasikan the information mentioned above. There are many standards that describe the reference of the codes work accidents, one of which is the Australian standard AS 1990 1885-1.

Grouping of occupational illness / disease due to labor relations and occupational accidents : occupational diseases, diseases related to work (Work Related Disease), a disease affecting the working population (affecting working Disease Populations).

The risk factors of occupational disease, namely: Physical factors, factors Chemical, Biological Factors, Psychosocial factors, factors Ergonomics, Lifestyle Factors (Life Style).

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