Pendekatan untuk membuat keputusan (Group 6)Pptx

8/9/2019 Pendekatan untuk membuat keputusan (Group 6)Pptx

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MANAGEMENT

APPROACHES ANDDECISION- MAKING

GROUP 6

1. RUHAIDA BINTI OSMAN 817611

2. SUPERMI BINTI ROSLI 817619

3. NORHAYATI BINTI ABDUL RAHIM 812688


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MANAGEMENTAPPROACHES

1. MAN – POWER APPROACH2. COST-BENEFIT APPROACH

3. SOCIAL DEMAND APPROACH

4. SOCIAL USTICE APPROACH

M A N - P O W E R A P P R O A C H

COST-BENEFITAPPROACH

SOCIAL USTICEAPPROACH S O C I A L D E M A N D

A P P R O A C H

MANA!EMENTAPPROACHES


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T"# $%&'( %$ )"*( +,,%+&" *( )% $%#&+() )"#+/,%0# /##( %$ )"# #&%/%.

T"# +,,%+&" ()#((#( %'),') $% )"##'&+)*%/+ (()# )% ##) )"# +/-,%0#/##( +) (%# $')'# +)# .

1. MAN – POWERAPPROACH


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T"# +,,%+&" $%&'(#( %/ 3 +*/ ###/)(/+#5

1. S,#&*&+)*%/ %$ )"# &%,%(*)*%/ %$ +/,%0#

/## +) (%# $')'# +)#. #.. 21:-22.;

2. S,#&*&+)*%/ %$ +/ ,%0# +


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S)+)#( )"+) )"# ,+//#( "+


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T"## +# *=++/( */ */


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T"# (%&*+ #+/ +,,%+&" ,')( #,"+(*( %/,+//*/ +/ ()#+- */*/ #'&+)*%/+ #,+/(*%/%/ )"# =+(*( %$ #+/( */ )"# (%&*#).

D#+/( $% #'&+)*%/ &%#( $% )"# ,*


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T"# )'() %$ )"*( +,,%+&" *( '()* )% A+/ I/'()* )% N%/#.

T"# #'&+)*%/ +')"%*)*#( "+


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DECISION-MAKING


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D#&*(*%/-+?*/ *( &%/(&*%'( +/"'+/ ,%(( */


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I. D#&*(*%/-+?*/ *( + &%/(&*%'( ,%((

II. D#&*(*%/-+?*/ *( + "'+/ ,%((. O/

"'+/ =#*/( +# &+,+=# %$ +?*/#&*(*%/.

III. D#&*(*%/ &+/ =# )+?#/ #*)"# = + (*/#

*/*


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I. D#&*(*%/ +# =+(# %/ +


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TYPES OFDECISION

TECHNICAL

DECISION

MANA!ERIALDECISION

INSTITUTIONALDECISION


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DECISION CONCERNIN! THE PROCESS BYWHICH INPUTS ARE CHAR!ES INTO OUTPUTBY THE SCHOOL

EAMPLE5 INPUT - TEACHER

OUTPUT- PERFORMANCE OF THESTUDENTS

1. TECHNICA, DECISION


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DECISION RELATED TO ISSUE OFCOORDINATION AND SUPPORT OF THE COREACTIITIES OF THE SCHOOL.

IT CONCERNED WITH THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THE SCHOOL AND ITS IMMEDIATEENIRONMENT.

. MANAGERIA, DECISION


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DECISION INOLIN! LON!-TERM PLANNIN!AND POLICY FORMULATION.

EAMPLE5◦ EPANSION OF SCHOOL BUILDIN!

◦ OPENIN! OF ADDITIONAL SECTIONS

#. INSTITUTIONA,DECISION


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TYPES OFDECISION

PRO!RAMMEDDECISIONS

NON-PRO!RAMMEDDECISIONS


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◦ R%')*/#


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◦ D#&*(*%/ +# )"%(# #+ 0*)"'/'('+ % '/*G'# ,%=#(.

◦ T"# +# /% '#( )% $%%0 (*/ )"##&*(*%/ *( /#0. D#&*(*%/( +# +# =+(# %/ */$%+)*%/

+/ + +/+#J( */)'*)*%/ +/ '#/).

U('+ )"# #&*(*%/ +# )+?#/ +) )"# )%,#


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MODEL OFDECISION-

MAKIN!

CLASSICALMODEL

ADMINISTRATIEMODEL


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◦

A ,#(&*,)*


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T*e C&a00%$a& Mo(e& of De$%0%onMa3%n2

"%2ure 1


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◦ B%'/# +)*%/+*) T"## *( + +# /'=# %$ +)#/+)*


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W*/ Infor'at%on I0 In$o')&ete

"%2ure


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R*(?◦ P#(#/) 0"#/ +/+#( ?/%0 )"# ,%((*=#

%')&%#( %$ + ,+)*&'+ &%'(# %$ +&)*%/ +/&+/ +((*/ ,%=+=**)*#( )% )"#.

U/)+*/)◦ P%=+=**)*#( &+//%) =# *


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A'5%2uou0Infor'at%on◦ I/$%+)*%/ 0"%(#

#+/*/ *( /%) &#++%0*/ *) )% =#*/)#,#)# */ ')*,#% &%/*&)*/ 0+(.

Cau0e0 of In$o')&eteInfor'at%on

"%2ure #

Y%'/ W%+/% O W%+/


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T%'e $on0tra%nt0 an( %nfor'at%on$o0t0◦ +/+#( "+


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M+/+#( #,%# + **)# /'=# %$%,)*%/( +/ &"%%(# +/ +&,)+=# #&*(*%/+)"# )"+/ )"# %,)*' #&*(*%/.

T"*( *( )"# ),*&+ #(,%/(# %$ +/+#(0"#/ #+*/ 0*)" */&%,#)# */$%+)*%/.

Cau0e0 of In$o')&eteInfor'at%on


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1. IMPRESSIONS AND PERCEPTIONS T"#(# *,#((*%/( +# #


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3. DECISIONS ON FILES BUREAUCRATICAL TECHNIUE; B'? ()# %$ #&*(*%/-+?*/

• T"# # %


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H#+ +()#/%)#( %/ )"#

#))# %$&%,+*/)

,#+(# ,') ',+/ +?( *) )%

(#/*% %())#+&"#

S#/*% %() )#+&"##&%( &%#/),#+(# % (*,

(*/( +/ ,+((#( *)%/ )% )"# "#+ &#?

%$ )"# (&"%%

T"# "#+ &#?+?#( "*("#

,%,%(*)*%/( +/

)"#/ (#/( )"# #)% )"# (#/*% %()

)#+&"#

S#/*% %() )#+&"# $%0+( )"#

# )% )"# "#+ +()# 0*)"&%#/)( *?# +##.

S%# )#+&"#( +# %


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4. ORAL INSTRUCTION BOTTOM-UP TECHNIUE; H*# )"# "#++()#J( */


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6. FORMAL AND INFORMAL MEETIN!S ANDDISCUSSIONS

"or'a& 'eet%n2 an( (%0$u00%on0 T"# (#&#)+ */*)*+)#( % %


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7. CONENTIONAL AND UNCONENTIONALDECISIONS

Con4ent%ona& (e$%0%on0 R%')*/# E+,#5 (+/&)*%/ %$ #+


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8. RATIONAL DECISION-MAKIN! S&*#/)*& #&*(*%/-+?*/.

• I#/)*$*/ )"# +)#/+)*


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9. !ROUP DECISION-MAKIN! T"# G'+*) %$ %', #&*(*%/ 0%' +0+( =#

=#))# )"+/ +/ */*


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T+?# %# )*# )% +*


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T"# %=#&)*


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S,#&*+*()( $% + +#+ *?# )% #)+@#&)#; '() =# */&'# +( #=#(%$ )"# %',.

T"# &"+* ,#(%/ '() #$+*/ $%#,#((*/ "*("# ,#$## +)#/+)*


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SI: STEPS IN DECISION-MAKING

"%2ure +


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Ste) 1. Re$o2n%;e Nee( for a De$%0%on◦ S,+?# = +/ ## )"+) + #&*(*%/

'() =# +#.Ste) . Generate A&ternat%4e0

◦ M+/+#( '() #


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Ste) #. E4a&uate A&ternat%4e0

◦ W"+) +# )"# +


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De$%0%on Ma3%n2 Ste)0

Step 3. Evaluate alternatives


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"%2ure <

General

Criteria for

Evaluating

Possible

Courses of

Action


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Ste) +. C*oo0e A'on2 A&ternat%4e0◦ R+/? )"#


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Ste) 6. ,earn "ro' "ee(5a$3 ◦ M+/+#( ("%' &%/(*# 0"+) 0#/) *")

+/ 0%/ 0*)" )"# #&*(*%/ +/ #+/ $% )"#$')'#.

◦ W*)"%') $##=+&? +/+#( % /%) #+/$% #,#*#/ +/ 0* #,#+) )"# (+#*()+?# %


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-THE END-

THANK YOU

Pendekatan untuk membuat keputusan (Group 6)Pptx

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