1 Pendekatan Pendekatan Konsumsi Konsumsi Gizi Gizi Dalam Dalam Memenuhi Memenuhi Kebutuhan Kebutuhan Pangan Pangan Irwandi Jaswir Irwandi Jaswir National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba IASA IASA- Tokyo, 29 Tokyo, 29 Desember Desember 2007 2007 Human Development Index (HDI) Human Development Index (HDI) – UNDP UNDP HDI HDI atau atau IPM Indonesia: 112 (2003), 111 IPM Indonesia: 112 (2003), 111 (2004), (2004), 107 107 (2005) (2005) dari dari 177 177 negara negara Beberapa Beberapa negara negara ; ; Islandia Islandia (1), (1), Jepang Jepang (8), (8), Singapura Singapura (25), Malaysia (63), Vietnam (105), (25), Malaysia (63), Vietnam (105), Sierra Leone (177) Sierra Leone (177) 1- 70, 70, tergolong tergolong high human development high human development; 71 71- 155 ( 155 ( medium human development medium human development ); ); >155 ( >155 ( low human development low human development)
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PendekatanPendekatan KonsumsiKonsumsi GiziGizi
DalamDalam MemenuhiMemenuhi KebutuhanKebutuhan
PanganPangan
Irwandi JaswirIrwandi JaswirNational Food Research Institute, TsukubaNational Food Research Institute, Tsukuba
IASAIASA--Tokyo, 29 Tokyo, 29 DesemberDesember 20072007
Human Development Index (HDI) Human Development Index (HDI) ––
UNDPUNDP
�� HDI HDI atauatau IPM Indonesia: 112 (2003), 111 IPM Indonesia: 112 (2003), 111
““Don`tDon`t dig your grave with a fork and knifedig your grave with a fork and knife””(Old English Proverb)(Old English Proverb)
�� Remember, 65% of all diseases are preventable through sound Remember, 65% of all diseases are preventable through sound nutrition.nutrition.
�� According to the World Health Organization, no one dies from According to the World Health Organization, no one dies from old age anymore.old age anymore. All deaths are attributed to disease.All deaths are attributed to disease. But, don't But, don't make the mistake of thinking disease is reserved for "old make the mistake of thinking disease is reserved for "old people".people". Disease has no prejudice.Disease has no prejudice.
�� ResikoResiko lain: back pain, arthritis, lain: back pain, arthritis, infertilitasinfertilitas sertasertapsychososialpsychososial yang yang menurunmenurun
(1) Secara alami terdapat di dalam makanan itu sendiri, seperti (1) Secara alami terdapat di dalam makanan itu sendiri, seperti antitripsin pada antitripsin pada kedele, asam jengkolat pada jengkol, dan hemaglutinin pada kacakedele, asam jengkolat pada jengkol, dan hemaglutinin pada kacangng--kacangan kacangan mentah.mentah.
(2) Akibat reaksi(2) Akibat reaksi--reaksi kimia dari komponen pangan yang terjadi selama proses reaksi kimia dari komponen pangan yang terjadi selama proses pengolahan dan penyimpanan.pengolahan dan penyimpanan.
(3) Akibat penambahan senyawa tertentu selama proses pengolahan (3) Akibat penambahan senyawa tertentu selama proses pengolahan pangan, pangan, misalnya penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan (food additives) secarmisalnya penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan (food additives) secara a berlebih atau penggunaan senyawa kimia yang beracun.berlebih atau penggunaan senyawa kimia yang beracun.
(4) Akibat migrasi senyawa beracun dari wadah/kemasan ke dalam m(4) Akibat migrasi senyawa beracun dari wadah/kemasan ke dalam makanan, akanan, misalnya monomer dari plastik atau logam best dari koran bekasmisalnya monomer dari plastik atau logam best dari koran bekas
(5) Akibat kontaminasi dari lingkungan yang tidak sehat, berupa (5) Akibat kontaminasi dari lingkungan yang tidak sehat, berupa kontaminasi kontaminasi senyawa kimia yang beracun atau mikroba penghasil racun senyawa kimia yang beracun atau mikroba penghasil racun
DoseDose--Dependence of Dietary Antioxidants in Their Dependence of Dietary Antioxidants in Their
Diverse Biological ActionsDiverse Biological Actions
� Background: The antioxidant activity of carotenoids may shift into prooxidant
activity, depending on several factors, such as oxygen tension, carotenoid
concentration, and interactions with other antioxidants.
�� Main Objectives:Main Objectives: To investigate doseTo investigate dose--dependency in biological actions of dependency in biological actions of
carotenoidscarotenoids in order to elucidate the optimum doses and serum levels of in order to elucidate the optimum doses and serum levels of
carotenoidscarotenoids for human health. for human health.
� Outcomes: This study will reveal effects of different doses of carotenoids on
oxidative lesions, cellular oxidative defenses and signalings, and gene
transcriptions under oxidative stress, both in vitro and in vivo. The results will
give a greater insight into biological actions of dietary carotenoids with regard
to their doses, thus providing important information how much intake of
dietary carotenoids is desirable to prevent degenerative diseases without any
potential adverse effect.
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ExperimentsExperiments� Preliminary: To prepare culture medium containing high concentrations of
lutein and β-carotene for evaluation of the anti- and pro-oxidant activities
and their dependency on concentrations of the carotenoids.
�� Part I. Part I. Part I. Effects of Part I. Effects of CarotenoidCarotenoid Doses on Cell Proliferation and Oxidative Lesions in Doses on Cell Proliferation and Oxidative Lesions in
Cultured Cells.Cultured Cells.
CCultured cells will be treated with various concentrations of ultured cells will be treated with various concentrations of carotenoidscarotenoids either either
under normal conditions or under oxidative stress. The effects under normal conditions or under oxidative stress. The effects of of carotenoidscarotenoids
on cellular responses and oxidative lesions were evaluated on cellular responses and oxidative lesions were evaluated in vitroin vitro to elucidate to elucidate
dosedose--dependency in their biological actions. dependency in their biological actions.
�� Part II. Effects of Part II. Effects of CarotenoidCarotenoid Doses on Oxidative Lesions in Doses on Oxidative Lesions in StreptozotocinStreptozotocin (STZ)(STZ)--Induced Diabetic Rats.Induced Diabetic Rats.
An animal study will be carried out to investigate the effAn animal study will be carried out to investigate the effect of doses and ect of doses and concentration in plasma of concentration in plasma of carotenoidscarotenoids on the oxidative status and other on the oxidative status and other pathophysiologicalpathophysiological parameters when oxidative stress is accelerated. The dose parameters when oxidative stress is accelerated. The dose dependency found in this study will enable us to elucidate the odependency found in this study will enable us to elucidate the optimum ptimum plasma concentration for preventing oxidative lesions. plasma concentration for preventing oxidative lesions.
From molecule to communityFrom molecule to community
Scientific knowledge can be a powerful tool to Scientific knowledge can be a powerful tool to
advance well being of our society. However, advance well being of our society. However,
useful nutrition knowledge could be easily lost in useful nutrition knowledge could be easily lost in
the sea of misinformation. Thus, is alsothe sea of misinformation. Thus, is also
important to commit to important to commit to effective dissemination and effective dissemination and
implementation of nutrition knowledge.implementation of nutrition knowledge.