PEMBENAHAN LAHAN PASCA TAMBANG Dr. Yadi Setiadi Mined Land Rehabilitation Specialist Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Campus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor [email protected]
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PEMBENAHAN LAHAN
PASCA TAMBANG
Dr. Yadi Setiadi Mined Land Rehabilitation Specialist
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University
Campus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor
Potential Resources Under Forest
• Nickel
• Gold and Cupper • Coal • Tin • Oil • Others
Impacted land
Terbuka
fungsi akar dan tajuk hilang
Vegetasi hilang/rusak
Biodiversity hilang
Top/sub soil hilang
produktivitas lahan turun
Tidak stabil dan mudah erosi
• Fungsi stabilitas lahan turun
Marginal
sukar di tanami, tidak subur
Fungsi Hutan harus dikembalikan
Diatur oleh PERATURAN!!!!!!!!!!!
Kebutuhan Tanaman Agar Tumbuh Lestari
Kecocokan lingkungan Temperature, cahaya, kelembaban Ketinggian (dpl) Hama/penyakit alami terkontrol
Kondisi lahan Kondusif bagi perakaran Tidak tergenang, tidak compak, tidak kompetisi
Ketersediaan hara tanaman • Hara harus ada :
– (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe, Mo,Bo,Mn,Ni etc)
• Hara harus cukup dan tersedia : – N (N03 or NH4),P (H2P04 or PO4)
• Hara harus seimbang (rasio Ca/Mg> 5:3) • Hara harus kontinyu (jasa enzimatic microba)
Soil Physical Properties
Soil texture (grain size distribution)
Porosity (aeration)
Depth to hard-pad or impervious layer
Soil Compaction (water-log, root inhibition)
Soil moisture content, surface temperature
Soil Biology
Vegetation cover and carbon content
Microbial population and activities
Soil Chemical
Poor of soil nutrients
Soil reaction (pH)
Low of cation exchange capacity (CEC)
Mineral toxicity
Soil problems
Melakukan kajian karakteristik lahan
Pengambilan soil sample (quadrat methods)
Melakukan analysis laboratory
Menganalisa data hasil laboratory
Mengetahui kendala tanah
Tahu cara-cara pencegahan dengan ( soil amendment)
Menyelamatkan kegagalan revegetasi
Menyelamatkan COST
Menganalisis tanah
Hasil Sites characterizations
Characteristics PRP#1 PRP#2 PRP#3-4 PRP#5
Materials Mixed of sub-surface soil
Peat layer, cov. with leached grayish
mineral soil layer
Ultramafic rock Ultramafic rock
Nutrient Status N,P,K,Ca (deficient); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn
(low); C-Org (very low)
N, P, K, Ca, Mg (low); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn
(sufficient); C-organic (low)
N, K, Ca (low); P (low-very high); Mg (high); Mg>Ca (3-5); Fe, Cu,
Zn, Mn (suff.)
N, P, K, Ca, Mg (low); Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn (suff.); C-org.
(low)
Soil reaction (pH) 4.7-5.7 (strongly acidic)
4.6-5.2 (strongly acidic)
3.4-4.7 (extremely acidic)
4.6-4.9 (strongly acidic)
Al saturation 72% (very high) 19.4% (low) 74% (very high) 34% (moderate)
CEC 5-12 (low) 19-28 (medium) 30 (high) 5-17 (low)
Texture Clay Organic+Soil Fraction Fine Clay Loam-Silty Loam
HC 0.23 cm/hr (very low)
2.34 – 8.09 cm/hr (fast)
0.62 cm/hr (low) low
BD 1.45 gr/cc (high) 0.43-0.97 gr/cc (low) 0.97 gr/cc (moderate) 1.12 gr/cc (moderate)
Drainage Compacted, poor aeration, water-log
Poor drainage and aeration
Poor drainage, aeration, water-log
Moderate drainage
Hasil analisis tanah
Soil Problems Kendala Migas Batubara Nikel SandTailing
pH 3.4-5.6 2.8-5.5 4.2-7.3 5.8-6.4
Compaction Fair High High Low
WHC Low Low Low Very Low
Nutrients Low Very Low Very Low Deficient
CEC Low Low Low Very Low
Al High High High Low
Fe High Very High High Low
EC High Low Low Very Low
Hydrocarbon Yes No/Pirit No/Mg>Ca No/Temp
CEC problem
Compaction
Perbaikan kondisi lahan pasca tambang
Tanah pucuk
Pupuk kimia
Humic acid
Mycorrhizae
Bio-stimulant
Bio-organic
Polymer fertlizer
Polymer breaker
Organo-NPK
Merangsang sistem perakaran
Melarutkan fosfat yang terikat
Meningkatkan Kapasitas Tukar Kation
Meningkatkan daya ikat air
Mengkelat logam berat
Meningkatkan penyerapan hara
Meningkatkan populasi dan aktivitas mikroba potensial
Menyediakan hara macro dan micro
Mempercepat humifikasi
Mycorrhizal inoculum
Humic acid extraction
Fermentasi Kotoran hewan
BIO-Organic Cair
Polymer Products
Nama product
Coating NPK
Poly-Fertilizer
Poly-glue
Bio-compost
Poly-sorb
Keterangan
NPK and Micro + humic acid
Lengkap stabil (pH, KTK, tersedia)
Perekat biji
Bio-organic
Penyimpan Air
Site preparation
Provide space for root development
Avoid roots competition
Avoid water log
Avoid land slide and soil erosion
Soil improvement
Planting
Planting stock on plantable size
Select healthy planting stock
Removing poly-bags
Compacting earth-ball
Controlling collar-root position
Controlling soil moisture
Re-planting
Mulching
Watering
Weeding
Fertilizer addition
Root manipulation
Erosion control and drainage
Pest and diseases control
Plant maintenance
KEGIATAN REVEGETASI
Borrow Pit
Before revegetate
Erosion control
Pertumbuhan 1 dan 3 bulan setelah tanam
10/3/
2012
Templok untuk tanah miring
Templok papan catur
10/3/
2012
Quarry
17 bulan
Coal mine rehabilitation
Coal overburden
Nickel mining
Phyto-stabilization
Post Nickel Mining
Reclamation post mining
Gold mining
Sandy tailing-1
Sandy tailing-2
FOTO : Edy Nurcahya
Padat dan Tergenang
Tanaman kerdil, daun kekuningan
Daun rontok, akar busuk, mati
Cara mengatasi :
Pembuatan drainage
Peremahan lahan dengan ripping
Penggemburan dengan Terabrik
Craking dengan Humic Acid
Cara bertanam permukaan cembung
Pemilihan jenis tahan genangan
Borrow Pit
pH rendah, Al,Fe, Pirit tinggi
pH rendah < 2.7
Al, Fe, : > 3me/100 gr, 12000 ppm (toxic)
Pirit : > 4% toxic
Pengendalian.
pH tanah dinaikan dengan kapur atau AJKLSWT
Melakukan phosphate saturation
Chelating dengan Humic acid
Menanaman jenis tolerance pH rendah
Pyrite problem
KTK dan unsur hara rendah
KTK < 16
Boros pemupukan
Pencemaran pupuk
Tanaman kurang subur, kerdil
Tidak mau berbunga dan berbuah
Perbaikan KTK : kompost, Humic acid
Pemupupukan dan Humic acid
Menggunakan polymer fertilizer
MONITORING
Success criteria Adaptability
Survival >80%
Growth performance (progressive)
Root development (across mine land)
Sustainability Biodiversity (shannon, Spec richness)
Natural colonization (abundance)
Nutrient retention (decomposed litter)
Wild life status (spec richness)
Stand structure Plant density (800-1000/ha)
Crown structure (3-5 layer)
Crown coverage (60-70%)
Spec composition (Pioneer (40 %),Primer (50%), Wildlife (10%)
Land Form Slope (leveling <30o)
Erosion status (below threshold level)
Land stabilization (controlled)
Setiadi.Yadi. 2008. Revegetation Monitoring for Mine Closure. Perhapi Meeting.
Revegetation approached
Minimize application of top soil
Minimize application of Pesti-herbicide
Enhance native species biodiversity
Create “closed nutrient cycle” system
Domestication and Conserving potential native tree species
Reuse local and non toxic organic waste
Involved and contribute for local people
THANK YOU and LET’S KEEPS OUR PLANET GREEN
good for the planet, good for us
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