PEI Report on Homelessness 1 PEI Report on Homelessness The Fourth Report on Homelessness in Prince Edward Island November 2015 The fourth PEI Report on Homelessness is published by the PEI Community Advisory Board on Homelessness, an interagency board represenng non-profit and public sector agencies that work with homeless populaons and those at risk of becoming homeless. A complete list of organizaons represented is included on page 8. Through the publicaon of this report, the Board wishes to increase awareness and acon about issues surrounding homelessness, poverty, and housing in Prince Edward Island. Good News… Beer understanding of the scope and factors contribung to homelessness on PEI Improved understanding leads to a more targeted approach Targeted approach is leading to beer coordinaon and more effecve use of resources Strategies in place to help address homelessness are proving successful Number of Provincial rent supplement units has been increasing Minimum wages connues to increase Things that worry us… Increased need for safe, humane, affordable and/or subsidized housing stock Expiring Federal Social Housing Agreements, resulng in decreased numbers of subsidies Connuaon of funding for Federal- Provincial Housing Agreements uncertain Long waing lists for subsidized housing for individuals, families, and seniors Need for a coordinated Provincial Housing strategy Reducing homelessness is only as good as the sustainability of the programs and strategies in place to address the factors
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PEI Report on Homelessness 1
PEI Report on Homelessness
The Fourth Report on Homelessness in Prince Edward Island November 2015
The fourth PEI Report on Homelessness is
published by the PEI Community Advisory
Board on Homelessness, an interagency
board representing non-profit and public
sector agencies that work with homeless
populations and those at risk of becoming
homeless. A complete list of
organizations represented is included on
page 8.
Through the publication of this report,
the Board wishes to increase awareness
and action about issues surrounding
homelessness, poverty, and housing in
Prince Edward Island.
Good News…
Better understanding of the scope and factors contributing to homelessness on PEI
Improved understanding leads to a more targeted approach
Targeted approach is leading to better coordination and more effective use of resources
Strategies in place to help address homelessness are proving successful
Number of Provincial rent supplement units has been increasing
Minimum wages continues to increase
Things that worry us…
Increased need for safe, humane, affordable and/or subsidized housing stock
Expiring Federal Social Housing Agreements, resulting in decreased numbers of subsidies
Continuation of funding for Federal-Provincial Housing Agreements uncertain
Long waiting lists for subsidized housing for individuals, families, and seniors
Need for a coordinated Provincial Housing strategy
Reducing homelessness is only as good as the sustainability of the programs and strategies in place to address the factors
PEI Report on Homelessness 2 CAMH Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
PEI Report on Homelessness 3
Canada is nearing an important crossroads in our response to homelessness. Since homelessness emerged as a significant problem – in fact, as a crisis – in
the 1990s, with the withdrawal of the federal government’s investment in affordable housing, communities have struggled to respond. Declining wages
(even minimum wage has not kept up with inflation in any jurisdiction in Canada), reduced benefit levels–including pensions and social assistance—and a
shrinking supply of affordable housing have placed more and more Canadians at risk of homelessness. For a small, but significant group of Canadians
facing physical and mental health challenges, the lack of housing and supports is driving increases in homelessness. Prevention measures – such as ‘rent
banks’ and ‘energy banks’ that are designed to help people maintain their housing are not
adequate in stemming the flow to homelessness. The result has been an explosion in
homelessness as a visible and seemingly ever present problem.
Over the past 10 years we have learned much about what to do to end homelessness –
the need to shift from a focus on managing the problem (through an over-reliance on
emergency services and supports) to a strategy that emphasizes prevention and, for those
who do become homeless, to move them quickly into housing with necessary supports.
The success of the At Home/Chez Soi project demonstrates that with housing and the right
supports, chronically homeless people can become and remain housed. While there are
still areas that need work – we need more robust solutions for youth homelessness,
women fleeing violence and Aboriginal homelessness – we are creating solutions and
effective interventions. The one missing piece of the puzzle, however, is affordable
housing. The decline in availability of low cost housing (and in particular, rental housing)
affects many Canadians – young people setting out on their own, single parents, people
working for low wages and the elderly. It also contributes to the homelessness problem in
a significant way.
See more at: http://homelesshub.ca/resource/state-homelessness-canada-2014
“I am encouraged to see the tremendous amount of work that is being done to
address homelessness in PEI. We have many barriers to
overcome, however, I believe the enhanced focus on this issue
will prove very beneficial to Islanders who find themselves
unable to access housing.”
Reid Burke,
Executive Director
CMHA PEI
“We see women from all walks of life; family violence, relationship
breakdowns, addictions, mental illness, poverty, etc. There’s not a
one-size fits all solution or approach. Services working together to
alleviate barriers would be helpful.”
Shelter Providers, Chief Mary Bernard Shelter for Women
“Increasing waiting lists . . . for example, the seniors
housing waiting list is over 900 people. Most of those will
not make it to the top of the list therefore will not be
offered a unit. There is a lack of affordable housing in
the private markets.”
Chris Reeves, Acting Provincial Housing Coordinator
“Rents are too high . . . what is being built
does not meet the income of the renters.
Some housing units are substandard and
inadequate; people are living in squalor or in
dumps.”
Bill Campbell, Administrator Kings Square
Housing
“There is concern over where affordable housing is going to come from over the
next 5-10 years. We are a good speed bump away from going out of business.”
Douglas Coles, President Abe Zakem House
PEI Report on Homelessness 4
Homelessness on PEI
Understanding the People and the Need Behind the Problem
By Bobbi Jo Flynn
Understanding the Problem: Often there are perceptions and assumptions
about what homelessness looks like- but what does it look like for PEI? In
2015, the Community Advisory Board on Homelessness, through the John
Howard Society of PEI, conducted its first point in time caseload review
(within a defined 24 hour window) with service providers to better
understand the scale of homelessness and the needs of the people
experiencing homelessness in Charlottetown and Summerside.
While this measure has some limits and is from the perspective of the
provider, it does help us begin to understand this complex social problem for
PEI. On the day the survey was completed, 41% of the people identified had
direct contact with a service provider.
What is Homelessness? Homelessness describes the situation of an
individual or family without stable, appropriate housing or the immediate
prospect, means and ability of acquiring it. Most people do not choose to be
homeless and the experience is generally negative, unpleasant, stressful and
distressing (Canadian Homelessness Research Network 2012).
What we asked and what we learned: Providers were asked to complete
the survey only if the client’s housing situation fit within one of the
categories listed in Table 1.
The greatest volume of people are ‘couch surfing’, in a correctional or
psychiatric facility, or shelter with no identified residence (72%). A
significant proportion (28%) have been homeless 1-2 times in the last year.
The majority of peopled identified (72%) were between the 18-45 years of
age, impacting their ability to work and establish families.
More than a third of people identified (35%), whose education level was
known, had a junior high school or lower level of education.
Income was a significant barrier with 33% having no source of income and
another 31% having only income assistance or a personal care allowance.
Disability was almost universal with 92 % having been diagnosed with a
disability- most commonly, substance abuse disorders, mental illness, and/
or learning disability.
Point in Time Caseload Review
150 service providers were invited to participate. Of those, 103 service
providers responded from 22 different community and government
sectors; 209 of those clients surveyed met the definition of
homelessness.
“This client upon release from custody engaged in criminal activity
purposefully to go back to jail so he would have somewhere to go,
eat, etc. This occurred three times in a row until he was remanded
for a lengthy period of time”
Table 1
PEI Report on Homelessness 5
Government services and friends are housing the majority of people
identified through the caseload review. When asked about their current
housing situation, the largest number (20%) were being housed in a mental
health facility, followed by living with friends (14%), or at an addiction (9%)
or correctional (8%) facility.
Homelessness is not a temporary problem; many are coping with frequent
and extended periods with the absence of this basic need. The greatest
proportion (19%) of those who had experienced homelessness were
without a home for 2-4 months. For 50% of those identified, this was not
the first episode of homelessness.
Respondents cited a range of reasons for not finding permanent housing,
which speaks to the complexity of social, economic, and environmental
issues known to impact homelessness. The most frequent reasons were:
Addiction/ substance abuse
Poor housing options and condition of housing
Low or no income and affordability of housing
Family breakdown and conflict
Criminal activity
Health and disability
Domestic violence
Using this information: This information was used to assist with the
implementation of the Housing First service delivery model in Summerside
and Charlottetown. The results supported the importance of a Housing First
model that address some of the barriers to safe, stable, housing for
individuals. Most people identified had contact with a provider on the day
of the review. People are accessing services, but the services are not
adequately equipped to meet these complex needs. The caseload review
reinforced further that a range of solutions and collaborative approaches
are needed to address the social, health, economic, and environmental
factors that contribute to this problem.
“He uses the hospital as an emergency shelter. He uses all
community services that he can. He is very capable in many
ways but has had no housing stability for years”
CANADA PEI
20% YOUTH 16-24 years old
38% YOUTH 16-24 years old
47.5% SINGLE ADULT MALES 25-55 years old
48% SINGLE INDIVIDUALS 25-55 years old
40-68% ADDICTIONS/SUBSTANCE ABUSE
52% ADDICTIONS/SUBSTANCE ABUSE
33% MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
47% MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
15-20% SLEEPING ROUGH
3% SLEEPING ROUGH
How do we compare?
SERVICES 0
TIMES
1 TIME 2 TIMES 3 or
MORE
UN-
KNOWN Been hospitalized 21% (44) 11% (22) 6% (13) 6% (13) 56% (117)
Been in Psychiatric Facility 22% (45) 20% (42) 6% (13) 6% (13) 46% (96)
Used Emergency Medical 13% (27) 8% (16) 6% (14) 5% (10) 68% (142)
PEI’s Response to Homelessness A Tip– to– Tip Service Delivery Model
PEI Report on Homelessness 7
From left to right: Michelle Arsenault, West Prince Housing First Coordinator; Jessica MacAulay, My Place Housing Support Worker; Melissa
Arsenault, My Place Housing Support Worker; Michael Kenny, My Place Program Coordinator; Lisa MacLean, WrapAround Housing First Support
Worker; Gina Clow, WrapAround Housing First Coordinator; Julie Gaudet, My Place Housing Support Worker.
“You saved by son’s life no doubt and probably saved me from having a nervous breakdown too. I don’t even want to think about where my family
would be if this program hadn’t come along.”
Program Family Member
“The work you are doing to improve the lives of those who “fall between the cracks” of our society and its formal welfare protocols is nothing short of amazing and so needed by those who become your clients, because they are homeless and until now, nobody cared enough to make a difference . . .”
Christian Council Representative
“If it wasn’t for this program, I would still
be turning tricks on the street and probably
using harder drugs. Now I am sober and
have a future.”
Program Participant
“This is an incredible program. I can’t
get over the changes I’ve seen in *client* since she has started it. You have a good
thing going on here.”
Government Service Provider
“No matters what happens in life I know that someone is willing to help me
no matter what. You helped me when I had no one and I know I can turn
to you, no questions asked.”
Program Participant
PEI Report on Homelessness 8
The Government of Canada’s Homelessness Partnering Strategy (HPS) is a unique community– based program aimed at
preventing and reducing homelessness. It provides direct funding to communities across Canada to support their efforts in
addressing local needs and includes projects aimed at preventing individuals and families who are chronically, episodically or
imminently at risk from becoming homeless. Funding was renewed for five years effective April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019. HPS
aims to prevent and reduce homelessness across Canada, primarily using a Housing First approach. It does so by developing
partnerships that contribute to a sustainable and comprehensive continuum of supports.
On Prince Edward Island, funding is made available by the Minister of Employment and Social Development Canada, and is
delivered through the Homelessness Partnering Strategy in partnership with the John Howard Society of PEI as the Community
Entity.
PEI COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARD ON HOMELESSNESS
Charlottetown & Summerside
Boys & Girls Club of Charlottetown Canadian Mental Health Association
Community Connections Inc Department of Family and Human Services
East Prince Youth Development Centre Health PEI
John Howard Society of PEI PEI Family Violence Prevention Services
Salvation Army Charlottetown Service Canada
University of Prince Edward Island Veteran Affairs Canada
Volunteer Community Members
RURAL & REMOTE ADVISORY BOARD
Family and Human Services Health & Wellness
John Howard Society of PEI Canada
For inquiries on this report, please contact the PEI Community Advisory Board on Homelessness: Tel: 902-367-3356 or visit :www.pei.johnhoward.ca