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Congenital vascular syndromes: diagnostic role of a multidisciplinary clinic Kalyani Marathe, MD, MPH
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Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Mar 08, 2021

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Page 1: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Congenital vascular syndromes: diagnostic role of a multidisciplinary clinicKalyani Marathe, MD, MPH

Page 2: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

I have no conflicts of interest or relevant financial relationships to discuss.

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Page 3: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

At the end of this talk, audience members should be able to:

‐ Identify PHACE and Sturge‐Weber syndrome based on their clinical characteristics‐ Recognize associated features‐ Initiate an appropriate workup

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Objectives

Page 4: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Case 1

• A 2‐week‐old girl presents to clinic with the following lesion:

• What are the most important components of a workup?

Photo, Bolognia 3rd ed.c

Page 5: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Case 2

• A 2‐week‐old girl presents to clinic with the following lesion:

• What are the most important components of a workup?

Photo courtesy of A. Yasmine Kirkorian MD

Page 6: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Case 3

• A 2‐week‐old girl presents to clinic with the following lesion:

• What are the most important components of a workup?

Photo courtesy of A. Yasmine Kirkorian MD

Page 7: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

ISSVA

• International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies

• Organizes biennial workshops• Classification scheme

– Vascular malformations• Capillary malformations• Venous malformations• Lymphatic malformations• Arteriovenous malformations 

– Hemangiomas

Page 8: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood
Page 9: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Sturge Weber Syndrome 

• Syndromic capillary malformation with CNS and/or ocular abnormalities

• Unilateral facial CM; usually involves forehead and upper eyelid, may be bilateral

Page 10: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Sturge Weber Syndrome 

• Syndromic capillary malformation with CNS and/or ocular abnormalities

• Unilateral facial CM; usually involves forehead and upper eyelid, may be bilateral

• If both upper and mid face involved, ocular involvement more likely– Congenital glaucoma– Choroidal vascular malformation

Page 11: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Sturge Weber Syndrome • Syndromic capillary malformation with CNS and/or ocular 

abnormalities• Unilateral facial CM; usually involves forehead and upper 

eyelid, may be bilateral• If both upper and mid face involved, ocular involvement 

more likely– Congenital glaucoma– Choroidal vascular malformation

• CNS involvement: due to leptomeningeal vascular malformations– Seizures (typically develop in first year of life)– Less commonly, hemiparesis/hemiplegia, developmental delays, 

emotional/behavioral 

Page 12: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Workup for Sturge‐Weber Syndrome

• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth– Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

• Pediatric Neurology referral– MRI if symptomatic

Page 13: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

ISSVA Classification

Page 14: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Case 2

• A 2‐week‐old girl presents to clinic with the following lesion:

• What are the most important components of a workup?

Page 15: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

PHACE(S) Syndrome

• Posterior fossa malformations• Hemangioma (segmental)• Arterial anomalies• Cardiac anomalies/Coarctation of aorta• Eye anomalies• (Supraumbilical raphe/Sternal clefting)

Page 16: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

PHACE(S) Syndrome

• Posterior fossa malformations– Dandy‐Walker malformation

• Hemangioma (segmental)• Arterial anomalies

– Head and neck: stenosis, tortuosity, aberrance• Cardiac anomalies/Coarctation of aorta

– PDA, ASD, VSD, Tetralogy of Fallot• Eye anomalies

– Horner syndrome, retinal vascular anomalies• (Supraumbilical raphe/Sternal clefting)

– Ventral midline developmental defects

Page 17: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Workup for PHACE

• Neuroimaging– MRI/MRA with TRICKS protocol

• Echocardiogram• Ophthalmologic evaluation

Page 18: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood
Page 19: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Photo courtesy of A. Yasmine Kirkorian, MD

Page 20: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

LUMBAR syndrome

• Lower body congenital infantile hemangiomasand other skin defects

• Urogenital anomalies and ulceration• Myelopathy • Bony deformities• Anorectal malformations/Arterial anomalies• Rectal anomalies

Page 21: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Workup for LUMBAR

• At < 3 months– Spinal ultrasound – Ultrasound with doppler‐ abdomen and pelvis

• 3‐6 months– If midline lesion or abnormal ultrasound, MRI of spine

– If abnormal pelvic/renal ultrasound, urologic evaluation

– Monitor for limb length discrepancy with Orthopedics

Page 22: Pediatric Health Network - Congenital vascular syndromes ......• Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluation at birth – Follow up regularly, as glaucoma may not become evident until childhood

Thank you!!!!!

Kalyani Marathe, MD [email protected]